A 3D printed Ga containing scaffold with both anti-infection and bone homeostasis-regulating properties for the treatment of infected bone defects

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of bone graft materials are commercially available and vary in their composition, mechanism of action, costs, and indications. OBJECTIVE: A commercially available PLGA scaffold produced using 3D printing technology has been used to promote the preservation of the alveolar socket after tooth extraction. We examined its influence on bone regeneration in long bones of New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: 5.0-mm-diameter circular defects were created on the tibia bones of eight rabbits. Two groups were studied: (1) control group, in which the bone defects were left empty; (2) scaffold group, in which the PLGA scaffolds were implanted into the bone defect. Radiography was performed every two weeks postoperatively. After sacrifice, bone specimens were isolated and examined by micro-computed tomography and histology. RESULTS: Scaffolds were not degraded by eight weeks after surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histology showed that in the region of bone defects that was occupied by scaffolds, bone regeneration was compromised and the total bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: The implantation of this scaffold impedes bone regeneration in a non-critical bone defect. Implantation of bone scaffolds, if unnecessary, lead to a slower rate of fracture healing.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a poly(lactic-acid) scaffold filled with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite nanofibres for reconstruction of a segmental bone defect in a canine model

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/80/2019-vetmed ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 531-538

Author(s):

JW Yun ◽

SY Heo ◽

MH Lee ◽

HB Lee

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Parameters ◽

3D Printed ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Critical-sized bone defects are a difficult problem in both human and veterinary medicine. To address this issue, synthetic graft materials have been garnering attention. Abundant in vitro studies have proven the possibilities of poly(lactic-acid) (PLA) scaffolds and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HAp) nanofibres for treating bone defects. The present study aimed at conducting an in vivo assessment of the biological performance of a three dimensional (3D)-printed PLA scaffold filled with a PLGA/HAp nanofibrous scaffold to estimate its potential applications in bone defect reconstruction surgery. Defects were created in a 20 mm-long region of the radius bone. The defects created on the right side in six Beagle dogs (n = 6) were left untreated (Group 1). The defects on the left side (n = 6) were filled with 3D-printed PLA scaffolds incorporated with PLGA/Hap nanofibres with gelatine (Group 2). The other six Beagle dog defects were made bilaterally (n = 12) and filled with the same material as that used in Group 2 along with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) (Group 3). Both the radiological and histological examinations were performed for observing the reaction of the scaffold and the bone. Micro-computed tomography (CT) was utilised for the evaluation of the bone parameters 20 weeks after the experiment. The radiological and histological results revealed that the scaffold was biodegradable and was replaced by new bone tissue. The micro-CT revealed that the bone parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in Group 3. Based on these results, our study serves as a foundation for future studies on bone defect treatment using synthetic polymeric scaffolds.

Download Full-text

3D printed scaffold combined to 2D osteoinductive coatings to repair a critical-size mandibular bone defect

10.1101/2020.12.08.415778 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Bouyer ◽

Charlotte Garot ◽

Paul Machillot ◽

Julien Vollaire ◽

Vincent Fitzpatrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Critical Size ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Dose Dependence ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

3D Printed ◽

Bone Autograft ◽

Large Bone ◽

Large Bone Defects

Abstractthe reconstruction of large bone defects (12 cm3) remains a challenge for clinicians. We developed a new critical-size mandibular bone defect model on a mini-pig, close to human clinical issues. We analyzed the bone reconstruction obtained by a 3D printed scaffold made of clinical-grade PLA, coated with a polyelectrolyte film delivering an osteogenic bioactive molecule (BMP-2). We compared the results (CT-scan, μCT, histology) to the gold standard solution, bone autograft. We demonstrated that the dose of BMP-2 delivered from the scaffold significantly influenced the amount of regenerated bone and the repair kinetics, with a clear BMP-2 dose-dependence. Bone was homogeneously formed inside the scaffold without ectopic bone formation. The bone repair was as good as for the bone autograft. The BMP-2 doses applied in our study were reduced 20 to 75-fold compared to the commercial collagen sponges used in the current clinical applications, without any adverse effects. 3D printed PLA scaffolds loaded with reduced doses of BMP-2 can be a safe and simple solution for large bone defects faced in the clinic.

Download Full-text

Dual-functional 3D-printed composite scaffold for inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting bone regeneration in infected bone defect models

Acta Biomaterialia ◽

10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 265-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ying Yang ◽

Linyang Chu ◽

Shengbing Yang ◽

Hongbo Zhang ◽

Ling Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infection ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Dual Functional ◽

3D Printed

Download Full-text

Synthetic Scaffold/Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Tissue Engineering Constructs for Bone Defect Treatment: An Animal Studies Literature Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21249765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 9765

Author(s):

Felice Lorusso ◽

Francesco Inchingolo ◽

Gianna Dipalma ◽

Francesca Postiglione ◽

Stefania Fulle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bone Defects ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Synthetic Scaffold ◽

Bone Defect Treatment

Background: Recently a greater interest in tissue engineering for the treatment of large bone defect has been reported. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of dental pulp stem cells and synthetic block complexes for bone defect treatment in preclinical in vivo articles. Methods: The electronic database and manual search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and EMBASE. The papers identified were submitted for risk-of-bias assessment and classified according to new bone formation, bone graft characteristics, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) culture passages and amount of experimental data. The meta-analysis assessment was conducted to assess new bone formation in test sites with DPSCs/synthetic blocks vs. synthetic block alone. Results: The database search identified a total of 348 papers. After the initial screening, 30 studies were included, according to the different animal models: 19 papers on rats, 3 articles on rabbits, 2 manuscripts on sheep and 4 papers on swine. The meta-analysis evaluation showed a significantly increase in new bone formation in favor of DPSCs/synthetic scaffold complexes, if compared to the control at 4 weeks (Mean Diff: 17.09%, 95% CI: 15.16–18.91%, p < 0.01) and at 8 weeks (Mean Diff: 14.86%, 95% CI: 1.82–27.91%, p < 0.01) in rats calvaria bone defects. Conclusion: The synthetic scaffolds in association of DPSCs used for the treatment of bone defects showed encouraging results of early new bone formation in preclinical animal studies and could represent a useful resource for regenerative bone augmentation procedures

Download Full-text