Colorimetric Metasurfaces Shed Light on Fibrous Biological Tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Haddadin ◽  
Trinity Pike ◽  
Jebin J. Moses ◽  
Lisa V. Poulikakos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Fibrous Media ◽  
Shed Light

Fiber-affecting diseases - encompassing fibrosis, heart disease, neurological disease and cancer - are directly linked to the density and reorganization of fibrous media in biological tissue. Polarized light has unique...

scholarly journals Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicentre cohort study in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Santos ◽  
E. E. S. Lucena ◽  
K. C. Lima ◽  
A. A. C. Brito ◽  
M. B. Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Survival Functions ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Multicentre Cohort Study ◽  
Multicentre Cohort

Abstract This study aimed to analyse the survival of patients admitted to Brazilian hospitals due to the COVID-19 and estimate prognostic factors. This is a retrospective, multicentre cohort study, based on data from 46 285 hospitalisations for COVID-19 in Brazil. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier's method. The log-rank test compared the survival functions for each variable and from that, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, and the proportional hazard model was used in Cox multiple regression. The smallest survival curves were the ones for patients at the age of 68 years or more, black/mixed race, illiterate, living in the countryside, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, influenza-like outbreak, O2 saturation <95%, X-ray change, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), invasive ventilatory support, previous heart disease, pneumopathy, diabetes, Down's syndrome, neurological disease and kidney disease. Better survival was observed in the influenza-like outbreak and in an asthmatic patient. The multiple model for increased risk of death when they were admitted to the ICU HR 1.28, diabetes HR 1.17, neurological disease HR 1.34, kidney disease HR 1.11, heart disease HR 1.14, black or mixed race of HR 1.50, asthma HR 0.71 and pneumopathy HR 1.12. This reinforces the importance of socio-demographic and clinical factors as a prognosis for death.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels C Pedersen ◽  
Michel Perron ◽  
Michael Bannasch ◽  
Elizabeth Montgomery ◽  
Eisuke Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Nucleoside Analog ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Long Time

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for cats suffering from various forms of naturally acquired feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Methods Cats ranged from 3.4–73 months of age (mean 13.6 months); 26 had effusive or dry-to-effusive FIP and five had non-effusive disease. Cats with severe neurological and ocular FIP were not recruited. The group was started on GS-441524 at a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg SC q24h for at least 12 weeks and increased when indicated to 4.0 mg/kg SC q24h. Results Four of the 31 cats that presented with severe disease died or were euthanized within 2–5 days and a fifth cat after 26 days. The 26 remaining cats completed the planned 12 weeks or more of treatment. Eighteen of these 26 cats remain healthy at the time of publication (OnlineFirst, February 2019) after one round of treatment, while eight others suffered disease relapses within 3–84 days. Six of the relapses were non-neurological and two neurological. Three of the eight relapsing cats were treated again at the same dosage, while five cats had the dosage increased from 2.0 to 4.0 mg/kg q24h. The five cats treated a second time at the higher dosage, including one with neurological disease, responded well and also remain healthy at the time of publication. However, one of the three cats re-treated at the original lower dosage relapsed with neurological disease and was euthanized, while the two remaining cats responded favorably but relapsed a second time. These two cats were successfully treated a third time at the higher dosage, producing 25 long-time survivors. One of the 25 successfully treated cats was subsequently euthanized due to presumably unrelated heart disease, while 24 remain healthy. Conclusions and relevance GS-441524 was shown to be a safe and effective treatment for FIP. The optimum dosage was found to be 4.0 mg/kg SC q24h for at least 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Assessment of healthcare and placement needs in an older forensic psychiatric population in comparison to a younger forensic psychiatric population

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1188-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Das ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
Rick Driscoll ◽  
S. Rao Nimmagadda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Older Offenders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

The healthcare provision for the elderly with a history of offending is under-researched and suffers from a lack of adequate services. Although the number of offences committed by older patients is low, research suggests they are more likely to re-offend, and have significant legal and psychiatric histories (Tomar et al., 2005). Older offenders also have complex medical problems such as neurological disease, including dementia, heart disease, stroke, and hypertension (Lewis et al., 2006).

scholarly journals Opposing functions for retromer and Rab11 in extracellular vesicle traffic at presynaptic terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rylie B. Walsh ◽  
Erica C. Dresselhaus ◽  
Agata N. Becalska ◽  
Matthew J. Zunitch ◽  
Cassandra R. Blanchette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Membrane Recycling ◽  
Presynaptic Terminals ◽  
Vesicle Traffic ◽  
Retromer Complex ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Competing Pathways

Neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication and pathogenic protein propagation in neurological disease. However, it remains unclear how cargoes are selectively packaged into neuronal EVs. Here, we show that loss of the endosomal retromer complex leads to accumulation of EV cargoes including amyloid precursor protein (APP), synaptotagmin-4 (Syt4), and neuroglian (Nrg) at Drosophila motor neuron presynaptic terminals, resulting in increased release of these cargoes in EVs. By systematically exploring known retromer-dependent trafficking mechanisms, we show that EV regulation is separable from several previously identified roles of neuronal retromer. Conversely, mutations in rab11 and rab4, regulators of endosome-plasma membrane recycling, cause reduced EV cargo levels, and rab11 suppresses cargo accumulation in retromer mutants. Thus, EV traffic reflects a balance between Rab4/Rab11 recycling and retromer-dependent removal from EV precursor compartments. Our data shed light on previous studies implicating Rab11 and retromer in competing pathways in Alzheimer’s disease, and suggest that misregulated EV traffic may be an underlying defect.

scholarly journals 2316. RSV Mortality: 19 Years’ Experience in a Pediatric Hospital in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S794-S794
Author(s):  
Angela Gentile ◽  
Maria Florencia Lucion ◽  
María del Valle Juárez ◽  
María Soledad Areso ◽  
Lucia Paglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children. We aimed to describe the clinical–epidemiological pattern and risk factors for mortality associated with RSV infection. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional study of ALRI in children admitted to a Children’s Hospital among 2000–2018. Viral diagnosis was made by fluorescent antibody techniques or real-time PCR. We compared clinical–epidemiological characteristics of RSV infection in nonfatal vs. fatal cases. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results From a total 16,018 patients with ALRI, 13,545(84.6%) were tested for respiratory viruses, 6047 (45%) were positive: RSV 81.1% (4,907), influenza 7.5% (456), parainfluenza 6.9% (419) and adenovirus 4.4% (265). RSV had a seasonal epidemic pattern coinciding with months of lowest average temperature. RSV mortality rate: 1.7% (83/4,855). Fatal cases had a higher proportion of: prematurity (P < 0.01), perinatal respiratory history (P < 0.01), malnourishment (P < 0.01), congenital heart disease (P < 0.01), chronic neurological disease (P < 0.01) and pneumonia as clinical presentation (<0.01). No significant difference between gender was observed. The annual mortality rate distribution was not stable over the study period with the highest mortality in the year 2002. Most deaths occurred among children who had complications: respiratory distress (80.7%), sepsis (31.3%) and atelectasis (13.2%). Independent predictors of RSV mortality were: moderate to severe malnourishment OR 3.64 (95% CI 1.96–6.74)P < 0.01, chronic neurological disease OR 3.99 (95% CI 2.04–7.79) P < 0.01, congenital heart disease OR 4.10 (95% CI 2.36–7.15)P < 0.01 and age under 6 months OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.23–3.11)P < 0.01. Conclusion RSV showed an epidemic seasonal pattern. Malnourishment, chronic neurological disease, congenital heart disease, age under 6 months and pneumonia were the independent risk factors for RSV mortality. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals MicroRNA in Acupuncture Studies: Does Small RNA Shed Light on the Biological Mechanism of Acupuncture?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jade Heejae Ko ◽  
Seung-Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Biological Mechanism ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Shed Light

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the main regulators of diverse physiological processes. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as significant players related to the effect of acupuncture although the biological mechanisms connecting the function of these miRNAs with the effect of acupuncture are not well understood. In animal models of various diseases, such as neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, myopathy, and pain, a number of miRNAs were altered after administration of electroacupuncture or manual acupuncture. Nonetheless, there are a limited number of studies published so far. This paper reviewed and discussed whether miRNAs could elucidate potential biological mechanism of acupuncture in the future studies.

Comparison of polarized-light propagation in biological tissue and phantoms

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanitha Sankaran ◽  
Matthew J. Everett ◽  
Duncan J. Maitland ◽  
Joseph T. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Polarized Light
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