scholarly journals Studies on the genetic linkage of bilirubin and androsterone UDP-glucuronyltransferases by cross-breeding of two mutant rat strains

1988 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nagai ◽  
H Homma ◽  
H Tanase ◽  
M Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Single Defect ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
F2 Progeny ◽  
Mutant Rat

Gunn rats, which have defects in bilirubin and 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases (GT), were crossed with LA Wistar rats with a defect in androsterone GT. The F1 hybrids showed normal GT activities towards androsterone, bilirubin and 4-nitrophenol, demonstrating that Gunn and LA (‘low activity’) Wistar rats inherit a homozygous dominant trait for androsterone GT and bilirubin GT respectively. The F2 progeny showed four different combinations of bilirubin and androsterone GT activities: defects in both GT activities, a single defect in bilirubin GT activity, a single defect in androsterone GT activity and two normal GT activities. They were segregated in the approximate ratio of 1:3:3:9, which is compatible with Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment. These results provide evidence that androsterone GT and bilirubin GT are located on different chromosomes. In the F2 generation, defective bilirubin and 4-nitrophenol GT activities were not segregated, indicating that these two mutant genes are closely linked on the same chromosome.

scholarly journals Postharvest shelf life of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutanats (nor and rin) and their hybrids

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Dejan Cvikic ◽  
Jasmina Zdravkovic ◽  
Nenad Pavlovic ◽  
Sladjan Adzic ◽  
Mladen Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Variance Testing ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Two tomato lines with normal maturation (NR-1 and NR-2) have been crossed with two mutant lines (NR-10 nor and NR-12 rin) with delayed maturation (shelf life). Determination of mutant genes has been done by ?2 test on 100 fruits from F2 generation. Fruits have been picked 65 days from antesis and kept for 60 days, when six evaluations have been done. Data have been collected every 10 days on parental lines and progeny F1 and F2 generation. Variance testing has been done on the basis of one- and two-factorial analysis and groups compared by contrasts. Fruits have been preserved in controlled conditions (in dark at 5?C). Tomato genotypes with nor or rin gene had desirable traits (delayed ripening, long shelf life and firm fruits) for modern selection, so they should be included in programmes aiming to create commercial F1 hybrids.

scholarly journals Genotypic resistance to brown heart incidence in swede parent lines and F1 hybrids and the influence of applied boron

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. FADHEL ◽  
A. J. JELLINGS ◽  
S. KENNEDY ◽  
M. P. FULLER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYBreeding trials for swede (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) in 2000–2010 showed that 0·85 of the incidence of brown heart (BH) in the trials was associated with genotypes that are progeny of Ag31, Or13 and Me77c. In order to investigate this and the effect of treatment with boron (B), established varieties and improved parent lines carrying male sterility (ms), and their F1 hybrids (test hybrids), were grown in a field trial in the UK in 2011 and subjected to four B treatments (0·00, 1·35, 1·80 and 2·70 kg B/ha). The results confirmed that BH incidence and severity was affected by genotype but could be ameliorated by B application. Genotype Ag31 was very susceptible while Or13 and Me77c were of intermediate susceptibility and the hybrids between susceptible parents were also sensitive. Genotypes Gr19 and Ly01 were highly resistant even in the absence of B application. Hybrids between resistant and susceptible lines were highly resistant. The use of ms had no influence on BH. Resistance to BH was a dominant trait: homozygous dominant (BHBH) or heterozygous (BHbh) genotypes confer this trait, while susceptibility is recessive (bhbh). Some quantitative variation existed, suggesting that resistance was not a single gene effect. There was a significant negative correlation (r=−0·632) between root B content and the severity of BH in susceptible genotypes. Severe BH was associated with 12–21·5 μg B/g of root dry weight at zero B applied. Moderate discolouration was associated with 19·5–24·8 μg B/g recorded at moderate B applied and only Ag31 showed BH at 2·70 kg B/ha. Resistant varieties had root contents of 23 μg B/g or more while susceptible varieties required a minimum of 31 μg B/g to offset BH.

scholarly journals Seleksi Berbasis Marka Molekuler pada Padi Generasi F2 Guna Merakit Galur Padi Harapan Tahan Wereng Coklat

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nono Carsono ◽  
Gigih Ibnu Prayoga ◽  
Neni Rostini ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F2 Progeny ◽  
Simple Sequence

ABSTRACTMolecular Marker-based Selection on F2 Progeny for Development of Promising Rice Lines Resistant to Brown PlanthopperBrown planthopper (BPH) is the major insect pest of rice and accounts for significant yield loss. This experiment was aimed to develop BC1F1 and F3 brown planthopper resistant rice lines. Selection on the basis of SSR markers can be done by using two polymorphic SSR markers, i.e., RM586 dan RM8213, which screened from eight SSR markers for BPH resistant. Sixty-three F2 genotypes from IP-1 (derived from IR-64 x PTB-33) population and twenty F2 genotypes from PP-11 (derived from Pandan Wangi x PTB-33) population were selected and will be used for further research by selfed and backcrossed to recipient parents. Chi-squares test for segregation of DNA bands in F2 generation showed that RM8213 fitted with 1:2:1 Mendelian ratio for controlling photosynthetic rates and trichomes length in IP-1 population. This information could be used in programs to develop a durable brown planthopper resistant rice cultivar.Keywords: BPH, F2 population, Moleculer marker, SSRABSTRAKWereng coklat merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman padi yang mampu menurunkan produksi padi secara nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh galur-galur padi F2 yang memiliki marka-marka yang berasosisasi dengan ketahanannya terhadap wereng coklat. Seleksi pada galur padi F2 hasil persilangan telah dilakukan melalui teknik marka molekuler Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) menggunakan dua marka SSR yang menunjukkan polimorphisme yaitu RM586 dan RM8213 dari delapan marka yang diskrining. Sebanyak 63 genotip dari populasi IP-1 (hasil persilangan IR-64 x PTB-33) dan 20 genotip dari populasi PP-11 (hasil persilangan Pandan Wangi x PTB-33) untuk disilangkan sendiri maupun disilang balik dengan tetua recipient. Selain itu, hasil analisis Chi-Kuadrat untuk segregasi pita DNA menunjukkan bahwa primer RM8213 memiliki rasio 1:2:1 (dominasi tidak sempurna) dalam mengontrol karakter laju fotosintesis dan panjang trikoma terhadap wereng coklat pada populasi IP-1. Informasi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini nantinya dapat digunakan untuk program perakitan kultivar padi tahan wereng coklat yang durable.Kata Kunci: Marka molekuler, Populasi F2, SSR, Wereng coklat

scholarly journals Variability and heritability of some onion (Allium cepa L.) characteristics of parental forms, F1 hybrids and F2 generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roch W. Doruchowski
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
F2 Generation

The object of the studies in 1977 was a population of 15 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, 11 F<sub>2</sub> progenies and 16 parental forms (8 male-sterile A lines and 8 inbred C lines - Table 2). Variability and heritability of some onion characteristic weight, height diameter of the bulbs and their shape, collar thickness, adherence and color of dry outer skin, bulb firmness, shape of the collar and position of root disc) were studied. Variability and heritability estimates of bulb weight, diameter and shape of the collar were relatively high (30-70%).Variability of the skin thickness was also high, but heritability of this trait was low. The lowest variability and heritability were shown for bulb firmness. The high heritability of some traits indicates the possibility of increasing the effects of selection and improvement, especially of the weight and shape of bulbs.

scholarly journals Classification and genetic expression of Wistar rats with high and low hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity towards androsterone

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Matsui ◽  
Hiroshi K. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Fashion ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase ◽  
Low Activity

Male and female Wistar rats with high and low hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity towards androsterone were classified by partial hepatectomy. The breeding experiments between the classified high-activity and low-activity rats show that the genetic expression of the high transferase activity is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Chromosomal Differentiation Among Ecotypes of Phalaris aquatica L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Putievsky ◽  
RN Oram ◽  
K Malafant
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Meiotic Irregularities ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Chromosomal Differentiation ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
F2 Progeny

Seventy-two hybrids of P. aquatica were made among 13 diverse Mediterranean ecotypes and cv. Australian, and five indicators of hybrid abnormality were measured in the first two generations. The proportions of stainable, apparently normal pollen grains formed by F, hybrids varied between 5 and 98% and their spikelet fertility ranged from 19 to 77%. Of the 43 hybrids that were derived from pairs of self-incompatible parents, 13 were highly self-compatible. Crosses between lines from different groups of parents produced F2 progeny containing up to 17% of lethal seedlings and up to 39% of male sterile plants. In the cross between cv. Australian and the Moroccan ecotype, CPI 19331: the frequency ofzebra-striped lethal seedlings was as high as 33% in F2 progenies, but only 0 or 1% in back-crosses to either parent. Hence the zebra-striped phenotype was not caused by a mutation existing in the parents but rather by deletions or duplications generated during meiosis in the F1 hybrids. Many meiotic irregularities were observed in the pollen mother cells of the F1 and F2 hybrids between cv. Australian and CPI 19331. These included small loops, acentric fragments, univalents and multivalents at diakinesis, and bridges at anaphase I, indicating that the genomes of these two lines differed by several inversions and interchanges. These structural differences would lead to a range of duplications and deficiencies in the gametes. and hence could account for each of the five kinds of hybrid abnormality observed in the F1 and F2 generations. One aneuploid F2 plant with 25 chromosomes was found. A dihaploid plant in cv. Australian had an average of 4.3 bivalents per pollen mother cell, whereas virtually all chromosomes in the tetraploid parental lines paired as bivalents. Thus, P. aquatica is a segmental allotetraploid with a system which prevents homoeologous pairing in tetraploids but not in dihaploids. The partial barriers to hybridization between P. aquatica lines are not closely related to their geographic origins or varietal classifications. These barriers may hinder but have not prevented the recombination of parental traits during the development of improved cultivars.

scholarly journals PIF4-controlled auxin pathway contributes to hybrid vigor in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (17) ◽  
pp. E3555-E3562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Li Min Wu ◽  
Ian K. Greaves ◽  
Anyu Zhu ◽  
Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Chromosome Segments

F1 hybrids in Arabidopsis and crop species are uniform and high yielding. The F2 generation loses much of the yield advantage and the plants have heterogeneous phenotypes. We generated pure breeding hybrid mimic lines by recurrent selection and also selected a pure breeding small phenotype line. The hybrid mimics are almost completely homozygous with chromosome segments from each parent. Four particular chromosomal segments from C24 and 8 from Ler were present in all of the hybrid mimic lines, whereas in the F6 small phenotype line, the 12 segments were each derived from the alternative parent. Loci critical for promoting hybrid vigor may be contained in each of these 12 conserved segments. We have identified genes with similar altered expression in hybrid mimics and F1 plants but not in the small phenotype line. These genes may be critical for the generation of hybrid vigor. Analysis of transcriptomes indicated that increased expression of the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF4) may contribute to hybrid vigor by targeting the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA8 and the auxin signaling gene IAA29. A number of auxin responsive genes promoting leaf growth were up-regulated in the F1 hybrids and hybrid mimics, suggesting that increased auxin biosynthesis and signaling contribute to the hybrid phenotype. The hybrid mimic seeds had earlier germination as did the seeds of the F1 hybrids, indicating cosegregation of the genes for rosette size and the germination trait. Early germination may be an indicator of vigorous hybrids.

Patterns of Inheritance in the Bowing Display and Associated Behaviour of Some Hybrid Streptopelia Doves

Behaviour ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J.J.F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Cine Film ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Species Hybrids ◽  
Relative Variability

AbstractThe bowing display of Streptopelia doves was studied in captive individuals of five species at Madingley, Cambridge, England from 1961 to 1964. The five species were S. roseogrisea-(risoria) (barbary), S. decaocto (collared), S. turtur (turtle), S. chinensis (necklace) and S. senegalensis (senegal). F1 hybrids were bred between the barbary and the other four species and single males of each of the F1 necklace x collared and senegal x turtle were also observed. F2 generation birds of the collared x barbary F1 hybrid, as well as some backcrossed birds were included in the study. Bowing displays were usually given only by male doves when close to another dove. The form of the bowing display differed from species to species and exhibited a typical intensity in each species. Each hybrid also had a bowing display of characteristic form. The ciné film showed that there was variation in form between the bowing cycles of any one bout, both in the pure species and in the hybrids. This variation could not be adequately described from the films taken in this study. The rate of bowing of each species was constant and differed from that of every other species. Hybrids also exhibited a typical intensity in this character. There was much more intra-specific and intra-hybrid variaton in the timing of individual movements within bowing cycles in a bout than in the timing of the bowing cycle as a whole. The relative variability of the different elements could be ranked, and in all species and hybrids studied the timing of the total cycle tended to be least variable and that of the pause at the top of the bow most variable. The frequencies with which bowing displays and kah calls were given under standard conditions, were measured, and provided two other behavioural characters whose pattern of inheritance could be studied. Three patterns of inheritance were found in each of these behaviour patterns of the F1 hybrids. In some cases the behaviour was intermediate between that of the two parents, in others it approximated the behaviour of one parent closely and in others again the hybrid's behaviour exceeded the range of either parent.

Analysis of alcohol-related phenotypes in F2 progeny derived from FH/Wjd and ACI/N rat strains reveals independent measures and sex differences

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswanath Patra ◽  
David H. Overstreet ◽  
Amir H. Rezvani ◽  
Mario Cleves ◽  
Abbas Parsian
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
F2 Progeny

scholarly journals The role of allelic and nonallelic interactions of genes in the mechanism of heterosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
S. G. Hablak ◽  
Ya. A. Abdullaeva ◽  
L. O. Ryabovol ◽  
Ya. S. Ryabovol
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Heterosis Effect ◽  
Nonallelic Interactions ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Polymeric Interaction

Aim. Studying the heterosis effect from the point of view of allelic and nonallelic gene interaction in F1 hybrids from crossing the arabidopsis ecotypes Col-0 and La-0. Methods. Hybridological method of crossing mutant lines and analysis of the inheritance of the signs of the root system. Results. When plants of different races Col-0 and La-0 cross in the F2 generation, polymeric interaction of genes occurs. In that case splitting in F2 goes in the ratio 15: 1. At the same time, hybrids of the first generation exhibit heterosis, which is manifested in a more powerful development of a rosette of leaves in comparison with the initial forms. Conclusions. The emergence of heterosis in hybrids of the first generation can be explained on the basis of the allelic and nonallelic gene interaction, which creates a favorable combination of genes during hybridization, causing the best manifestation of an economically valuable trait. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., heterosis, gene, mutation, race.

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