Effects of (+)-Catechin in vitro and in vivo on Disturbances Produced in Rat Liver Endoplasmic Reticulum by Carbon Tetrachloride

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIERO DANNI ◽  
BARBARA C. SAWYER ◽  
TREVOR F. SLATER
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rat Liver

scholarly journals Phospholipid synthesis in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum after the administration of phenobarbitone and 20-methylcholanthrene

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Davison ◽  
Eric D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Phosphatidylethanolamine Methyltransferase ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis

1. Phenobarbitone injection did not affect the concentration of phospholipids in the liver endoplasmic reticulum, but it increased the rate of incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into the phospholipids. 20-Methylcholanthrene caused a transient increase in total phospholipid but a decrease in the turnover rate of the phospholipids. 2. Incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phosphatidylcholine, compared with that into phosphatidylethanolamine, was increased by phenobarbitone injection but decreased by 20-methylcholanthrene injection. 3. The activity of S-adenosylmethionine–phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase increased 12h after phenobarbitone injection, when incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phosphatidylcholine was a maximum, but at other times, and after 20-methylcholanthrene injection, the activity of the enzyme did not correlate with the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis. 4. [14C]Glycerol was incorporated more rapidly into phosphatidylcholine than into phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas [32P]orthophosphate and [14C]ethanolamine were incorporated more rapidly into phosphatidylethanolamine than into phosphatidylcholine. 5. Incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phosphatidylethanolamine of liver slices incubated in vitro was much more rapid than into phosphatidylcholine, and incorporation into phosphatidylcholine was markedly stimulated by addition of methionine to the medium. Changes in the incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids observed in vivo after injection of phenobarbitone or methylcholanthrene could not be reproduced in slices incubated in vitro. 6. It is concluded that phenobarbitone injection causes an increased rate of turnover of total phospholipids in the endoplasmic reticulum and an increased conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine, whereas 20-methylcholanthrene injection depresses both the turnover rate of total phospholipids and the formation of phosphatidylcholine.

scholarly journals Role of membrane-bound and free polyribosomes in the synthesis of cytochrome c in rat liver

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor F. González-Cadavid ◽  
Carmen Sáez De Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Membrane Bound

The functional distinction of membrane-bound and free polyribosomes for the synthesis of exportable and non-exportable proteins respectively is not so strict as was initially thought, and it was therefore decided to investigate their relative contribution to the elaboration of an internal protein integrated into a cell structure. Cytochrome c was chosen as an example of a soluble mitochondrial protein, and the incorporation of [14C]leucine and δ-amino[14C]laevulinate into the molecule was studied by using different ribosomal preparations from regenerating rat liver. A new procedure was devised for the purification of cytochrome c, based on ion-exchange chromatography combined with sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In spite of cytochrome c being a non-exportable protein, the membrane-bound polyribosomes were at least as active as the free ribosomes in the synthesis in vitro of the apoprotein and the haem moiety. The detergent-treated ribosomes could also effect the synthesis of cytochrome c, although at a lower rate. Since in liver more than two-thirds of the ribosomes are bound to the endoplasmic-reticulum membranes, it is considered that in vivo they are responsible for the synthesis of most of the cytochrome c content of the cell. This suggests that in secretory tissues the endoplasmic reticulum plays a predominant role in mitochondrial biogenesis, although free ribosomes may participate in the partial turnover of some parts of the organelle. The hypothesis on the functional specialization of the different kinds of ribosomes was therefore modified to account for their parallel intervention in the synthesis of proteins associated with membranous structures.

scholarly journals The phospholipids of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum. Structural change in liver injury

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. James ◽  
David E. Moody ◽  
Christine H. Chan ◽  
Edward A. Smuckler
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diene Conjugate ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Vitro Model

Endoplasmic-reticulum phospholipids were measured during the first hour after carbon tetrachloride administration to male Sprague–Dawley rats and compared with carbon tetrachloride challenge of microsomes from control animals in vitro. The extracted lipids were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. No significant differences in the abundance of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine were found after either treatment when compared with untreated controls. Diene conjugate formation in each separated phospholipid was determined by measuring A232 and expressed on the basis of lipid phosphorus. Phosphatidylserine was peroxidized 6-fold greater than in controls after challenge in vivo, reaching maximal change after 15min, whereas the other phospholipids showed little or no alteration. Fatty acid composition analysis was performed by g.l.c. after transesterification of individual phospholipids. Phosphatidylserine revealed two types of response: an abrupt decrease in relative abundance of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) without further loss and a slower, linear decrease in arachidonic acid (C20:4) over the first hour. Similar changes were not seen in other phospholipids. In the ‘in vitro’ model, the relative amounts of the phospholipids do not change. The extent of peroxidation was greater in all the phospholipids than found in vivo, with phosphatidylserine peroxidized to the greatest extent. These data suggest that carbon tetrachloride injury in vivo produces an early peroxidative event and that a specific phospholipid (phosphatidylserine) is selectively modified, although maintaining its relative concentration in the membrane. Dissection of this process in vitro will require refinement of existing systems to reduce the non-specific changes associated with the model system.

In vitro labeling of peroxisomal cholesterol with radioactive precursors

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva-Liisa Appelkvist
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Luminal Content ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Incorporation

Peroxisomes isolated from rat liver were incubated with [3H]squalene and [3H]mevalonate and the subsequent incorporation of radioactivity into cholesterol studied. The isolated lipids became labeled after incubation with both precursors. In contrast to findings with microsomes, trypsin and detergent treatment of peroxisomes did not influence the rate of cholesterol synthesis. In addition, the luminal content of peroxisomes could alone mediate this synthetic process. Upon treatment of rats with various inducers of peroxisomes and of the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as upon feeding with cholesterol and cholestyramine, large differences in the pattern of in vitro incorporation of [3H]mevalonate into the cholesterol of peroxisomes and microsomes were observed. Injection of this precursor also resulted in high initial labeling of peroxisomal cholesterol in vivo. These experiments indicate that cholesterol synthesis may also occur in peroxisomes.

scholarly journals The stimulatory effects of carbon tetrachloride and other halogenoalkanes on peroxidative reactions in rat liver fractions in vitro. General features of the systems used

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Slater ◽  
B. C. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Homolytic Dissociation

1. The general features of the reaction by which carbon tetrachloride stimulates lipid peroxidation have been elucidated in rat liver microsomal suspensions and in mixtures of microsomes plus cell sap. The production of lipid peroxides has been correlated with malonaldehyde production in the systems used. 2. The stimulation of malonaldehyde production by carbon tetrachloride requires a source of reduced NADP+ and is dependent on the extent of the endogenous peroxidation of the microsomal membranes: if extensive endogenous peroxidation occurs during incubation then no stimulation by carbon tetrachloride is apparent. 3. The stimulation of malonaldehyde production by carbon tetrachloride has been shown to be proportional to the square root of the carbon tetrachloride concentration in the incubation mixture. It is concluded that the stimulation of malonaldehyde production by carbon tetrachloride results from an initiation process that is itself dependent on the homolytic dissociation of carbon tetrachloride to free-radical products. 4. The increased production of malonaldehyde due to carbon tetrachloride is accompanied by a decreased activity of glucose 6-phosphatase in rat liver microsomal suspensions. 5. The relative activities of bromotrichloromethane, fluorotrichloromethane and chloroform have been evaluated in comparison with the effects of carbon tetrachloride in increasing malonaldehyde production and in decreasing glucose 6-phosphatase activity. Bromotrichloromethane was more effective, and fluorotrichloromethane and chloroform were less effective, than carbon tetrachloride in producing these two effects. It is concluded that homolytic bond fission of the halogenomethanes is a requisite for the occurrence of the two effects observed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

scholarly journals The inhibitory effects in vitro of phenothiazines and other drugs on lipid-peroxidation systems in rat liver microsomes, and their relationship to the liver necrosis produced by carbon tetrachloride

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T F Slater
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

1. The effects of several phenothiazine derivatives on lipid-peroxidation systems in rat liver microsomes were studied and the results are considered in relation to the hepatotoxic action of carbon tetrachloride. 2. The lipid-peroxidation system coupled to NADPH2 oxidation and stimulated by an ADP–Fe2+ mixture is strongly inhibited in vitro by promethazine (50% inhibition at 29μm). Chlorpromazine and Stelazine also inhibit the peroxidation system but are less effective than promethazine. 3. The effects of promethazine on three other systems involving oxygen uptake (sulphite oxidation, orcinol oxidation and mitochondrial succinate oxidation) were also studied. Promethazine does not inhibit these systems to the same extent as it does the NADPH2–ADP–Fe2+ lipid-peroxidation system. 4. Promethazine also produces an inhibition of the NADPH2–ADP–Fe2+ system in liver microsomes after administration in vivo. It is concluded that the inhibition involves the interaction of the drug (or a metabolite of it) with the microsomal electron-transport chain. 5. Several other compounds known to protect the rat against liver necrosis after the administration of carbon tetrachloride were tested for inhibitory action on the NADPH2–ADP–Fe2+ system. No clear correlation was observed between effectiveness in vivo as a protective agent and inhibitory effects on the NADPH2–ADP–Fe2+ system in vitro. 6. Promethazine was found to inhibit the stimulation of lipid peroxidation produced in rat liver microsomes by low concentrations of carbon tetrachloride. This effect occurs at a concentration similar to that observed in vivo after administration of a normal clinical dose.

In vitro and in vivo suppression of growth of rat liver epithelial tumor cells by antisense oligonucleotide against protein kinase C-alpha

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwu-Bin Lin ◽  
Li-Ching Wu ◽  
Siao-Ling Huang ◽  
Hui-Lun Hsu ◽  
Sung-Hwa Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Epithelial Tumor Cells

Effect of X-irradiation on gene expression of rat liver chemokines: in vivo and in vitro studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moriconi ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
N Sheikh ◽  
J Dudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
X Irradiation

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document