Clinical Status and Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Antioxidant Protection in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Depending on the State of Intestinal Biocenosis

The aim of the research: comparative study of parameters of lipid metabolism, products of lipid peroxidation and levels of antioxidant enzymes in patients with coronary heart disease with intestinal normobiocenosis and intestinal dysbiosis (DB) 1st and 2nd degree. Materials and methods. The study involved 145 patients aged from 50 to 65 years, 29 (20%) of them were women. The control group (1st group) included 20 apparently healthy individuals with intestinal normobiocenosis. The comparison group (2nd group) consisted of 23 patients with coronary heart disease, postinfarct cardiosclerosis, chronic heart failure (CHF) the II functional class (FC) (NYHA), without signs of intestinal DB. The intervention group (3rd group) included 102 CHD patients with postinfarct cardiosclerosis, CHF the II FC and intestinal dysbiosis 1-st and 2-nd degree. Patients in all groups were comparable for age and sex. Results. The study revealed that the presence of intestinal DB in CHD patients with CHF the II FC was associated with greater 1.5 times the frequency of angina attacks, with a greater 1.4 times frequency reduction of physical activity, with a longer history of CHD and more common burdened by CHD heredity. Patients with CHD with intestinal DB occur in more profound lipid disorders than patients without any signs of impaired intestinal biocenosis. Conclusion. The presence of the initial stages of intestinal biocenosis disorders is associated with high levels of malondialdehyde in blood, diene conjugate, total cholesterol, cholesterol of low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic coefficient and significantly lower blood levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in comparison with similar indicators in CHD patients with intestinal normobiocenosis.

HPLC Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Cudrania tricuspidata

Cudrania tricuspidata is a plant used in folk medicine in Korea for treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study the leaf and shoot extract was studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. The extract with predominant phenolics was quantified using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), and anti-inflammatory activity by diene-conjugate and β-glucuronidase assays. The average antioxidant effects of C. tricuspidata extracts (1–2 mg/mL) revealed significant activity of 32.5% to 50.2% (ABTS) and 24.2 to 40.5% (FRAP) compared with Trolox, having 55.1% (ABTS) and 42.6% (FRAP) activity, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities showed as 26.5% to 40.5% (DC) and 40.2% to 70.2% (βG) inhibition compared with the control {phenylbutazone; 42.1% (DC) and 80.2% (βG) inhibition, respectively}. The XO inhibitory activity of the plant extract revealed 90.5% inhibition of that of the control (allopurinol) (97% inhibition at 100 μg/mL concentration). The kinetic parameters of XO inhibition revealed a noncompetitive type of inhibition, where, K m and V max of C. tricuspidata extracts (25 to 100 μg/mL) were 0.25 mM/mL and 0.040, 0.036, 0.032, and 0.030 (μg/min), while for the positive control K m and V max the values were 0.30 mM/mL and 0.045 (μg/min), respectively. Results suggest that C. tricuspidata can be exploited against diseases associated with free radical formation and xanthine oxidase activity.

Pecularities of lipid peroxidation in conditions of acute respiratory distress syndrome and its correction

<p>The article considers insufflation of oxygen, xanthine derivative – salt 3-(8-brom-1,3-dymethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-<br />dihidro-1Н-purin-7(6Н)-il)propanoat (substance “KD-234”) and reamberin efficiency on the parameters of lipid<br />peroxidation (LPO) in middle-steady and low-steady to hypoxia rats with hydrochloric acid-inducedacute respiratory<br />distress syndrome.<br />It was established, that during experimental acute respiratory distress syndromein tissue of liver thecontentof<br />TBA-active metabolits, diene and triene conjugate statistically reliably increase, moreover in middle-steady to hypoxia<br />rats the value of TBA-active metabolits and diene conjugate in this condition substantially less, than in low-steady to<br />hypoxia rats. The use with corrective purpose of oxygen insufflation promotеs to substantial decreasing of TBA-active<br />metabolits concentration in both experimental groups, moreover in middle-steady to hypoxia rats the rate become<br />reliably substantially less, than in low-steady to hypoxia rats. The useof xanthine derivative – substance “KD-234”<br />and reamberinis accompanied by similar deviations in content of TBA-active metabolitsin hepar tissue.</p>

Beneficial effects of carnosine and carnosine plus vitamin E treatments on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in rats

Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing or preventive effect of CAR alone or combination with vitamin E (CAR + Vit E) on DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and brain of rats. Methods: Rats were treated with CAR (250 mg kg−1 day−1; intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or CAR + Vit E (equals 200 mg kg−1 α-tocopherol; once every 3 days; intramuscularly) for 12 consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, rats were injected with a single dose of DOX (30 mg kg−1, i.p.). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), urea, and creatinine levels; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; and oxidative stress parameters in tissues were measured. We also determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugate, protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results: DOX resulted in increased serum cTnI, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels and increased lipid peroxide and PC levels in tissues. CAR or CAR + Vit E treatments led to decreases in serum cTnI levels and ALT and AST activities. These treatments reduced prooxidant status and ameloriated histopathologic findings in the examined tissues. Conclusion: Our results may indicate that CAR alone, especially in combination with Vit E, protect against DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. This was evidenced by improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers and restoration of the prooxidant state and amelioration of histopathologic changes.

The role of corvitin in disturbances of lipid peroxydations and activity enzymes of antioxidant systems indicators in blood of guineas pigs in conditions of bacterial keratitis on the background of bronchial asthma and pneumonia

<p>In the research work there was set the dicreasing products of lipid peroxydation – malonic dialdehyde MDA,<br />diene conjugate and increasing of superoxyde dismutase (SO D) and catalase (KT ) in the blood of guinea pigs against<br />a group of untreated animals at the 21st day after experimental drug use “Сorvitin”.</p>

In Vitro Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Tephrosia purpurea Shoot Extract

The methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea (Leguminosae) shoots was evaluated in-vitro for its anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the Diene-conjugate, HET-CAM and β-glucuronidase methods. The enzyme inhibitory activity was tested against isolated cow milk xanthine oxidase. The average anti-inflammatory activity of T. purpurea shoot extract in the concentration range of 1-2 μg/mL in the reacting system revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities, which, as recorded by the Diene-conjugate, HET-CAM and β-glucuronidase assay methods, were 45.4, 10.5, and 70.5%, respectively. Screening of the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the extract in terms of kinetic parameters revealed a mixed type of inhibition, wherein the Km and Vmax values in the presence of 25 to 100 μg/mL shoot extract was 0.20 mM/mL and 0.035, 0.026, 0.023 and 0.020 μg/min, while, for the positive control, the Km and Vmax values were 0.21 mM/mL and 0.043 μg/min, respectively. These findings suggest that T. purpurea shoot extract may possess constituents with good medicinal properties that could be exploited to treat the diseases associated with oxidative stress, xanthine oxidase enzyme activity and inflammation.

The effect of carnosine pretreatment on oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in binge ethanol administered rats

Carnosine is a dipeptide having strong antioxidant effects. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of carnosine pretreatment on ethanol-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Rats were given carnosine (2 g/L in drinking water) for 4 weeks and then ethanol was administered orally to rats at a dose of 5 g/kg every 12 hours for 3 doses totally (binge model). All rats were killed 6 hours after last ethanol injection. Plasma alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) transaminase activities and liver triglyceride, malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugate (DC), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and vitamin C levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities were determined. Binge ethanol administration resulted in significant increases in plasma transaminase activities, hepatic triglyceride and lipid peroxide levels. However, GSH, vitamin E, vitamin C levels and GSH-Px and GST activities were found to be decreased following ethanol administration. Macromicrovesicular steatosis was also seen. Carnosine pretreatment appeared to prevent the increase of plasma ALT and AST activities and hepatic MDA and DC levels following ethanol treatment. In addition, hepatic GSH levels increased, but there were no changes in triglyceride, vitamin E, vitamin C levels and SOD, GSH-Px and GST activities, following ethanol treatment in carnosine-pretreated rats. There was also no change in liver histopathological appearance. In conclusion, carnosine prevented the increases in serum transaminase activities and lipid peroxides in liver of ethanol-treated rats, without any change on steatosis in liver.

Successful management of mild atopic dermatitis in adults with probiotics and emollients

Atopic dermatitis is characterized by impaired skin and mucous membrane barrier function. Measures improving barrier integrity decrease the influence of environmental factors that might exacerbate inflammation. Ten adult patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis consumed for three months fermented with potent antioxidative probiotic, L. fermentum ME-3 (DSM 14241) goat milk 200 mg/day. A control group consisted of six patients, not supplemented by probiotic. All patients used emollients regularly. Skin iron levels, glutathione redox ratios (GSSG/GSH), diene conjugate (DC) amounts, blood glutathione status, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and total antioxidativity was measured at the baseline and after three months. A significant decrease in skin iron levels, DC amounts, and glutathione redox ratio occurred in the probiotic-supplemented group compared to the control group (P < 0.05 for all indices). In the same group, blood levels of oxLDL decreased (p < 0.05), and GSH levels increased (P < 0.001) with concomitant improvement in the GSSG/GSH ratio. Blood antioxidativity markers also showed an improvement. The results of our study demonstrate that regular use of probiotics with antioxidative properties coupled with the use of lipid-containing emollients considerably decreases inflammation and concomitant oxidative stress in adult patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. This effect was observed both in the skin and in the blood.

Melatonin Improved the Disturbances in Hepatic Prooxidant and Antioxidant Balance and Hepatotoxicity Induced by a High Cholesterol Diet in C57BL/6J Mice

We examined the effect of melatonin in prooxidant and antioxidant state in the liver of C57BL/6J mice fed on a high cholesterol (HC) diet. Mice were fed with normal mice chow containing 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 4 months without and with melatonin (10 mg/L in drinking water) treatment. HC diet was observed to increase malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels in the liver. This diet lowered glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol, and total ascorbic acid levels as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities in the liver, but hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged. Although melatonin treatment did not affect these parameters in mice fed a normal diet, it reduced hepatic MDA and DC levels in mice fed an HC diet. Hepatic a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels increased, but hepatic GSH levels remained unchanged in the melatonin-treated HC group as compared to the HC group. Melatonin treatment was found to increase liver GSH-Px and GST activities in mice fed an HC diet. However, SOD activity did not alter in the liver of hypercholesterolemic mice following melatonin treatment. In addition, the histopathological lesions observed in the cholesterol-plus-melatonin group were less severe than those seen in the cholesterol group. According to these observations, we can say that melatonin treatment has an ameliorating effect on the disturbances in prooxidant and antioxidant balance and histopathological lesions in the liver of mice following cholesterol feeding.