Effect of Increased Sodium ION on Arterial Sodium and Reactivity

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Harris ◽  
W. A. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Rabbit Ear ◽  
Arterial Reactivity ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Constrictor Response ◽  
Environmental Fluid

1. Isolated rabbit arterial segments were perfused with buffer containing sodium (155 mmol/l) and vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, histamine and electrical stimulation were measured. When the concentration of sodium in the perfusing medium was raised by 8 mmol/l, the vasoconstrictor responses to all stimuli were significantly increased, though response to electrical stimulation was less enhanced than the responses to the other stimuli. 2. The constrictor response of the isolated perfused rabbit ear to angiotensin was also enhanced by perfusion with buffer of a similarly enriched sodium content. 3. Ileal responses to electrical stimulation and atrial responses to electrical stimuli and noradrenaline were also examined after exposure to similar changes of environmental sodium. No change in responsiveness was demonstrated. 4. Isotope-exchange studies with 22Na showed that this small increase in sodium concentration of the environmental fluid caused an increased sodium ion content of 20% in arterial wall, 5% in ileum and 11% in atrium. 5. It is suggested that a relationship exists between increased exchangeable sodium ion in arterial wall and arterial reactivity.

Flame Photometry Characterization Procedure for Sodium Content in Brazilian Bentonites for Nanotechnology Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Hellen S. Santos ◽  
Karine L. Buarque da Silva ◽  
Ariel E. Zanini ◽  
Danilo S. Coelho ◽  
Marcelo Embiruçu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Average Value

Background: Brazilian bentonites have a low sodium concentration in their interlayer structure. This is a problem with most of the industrial applications that demand the characteristics of sodium bentonites. Objective: As a solution for this limitation, sodium carbonate is added to in natura clays, promoting ion exchange between other interlayer cations with sodium. Methods: A process was used based on the principle of Stokes’ Law (BR Patent 10 2013 016298). For this, we used four glass columns in series, in which a high water flow was considered to obtain purified clays. It was proposed as a simple, fast and economical method for sodium determination that was developed and applied in bentonites by flame photometry. The equipment calibration was performed with a NaCl standard solution in concentrations between 80 and 110 ppm. The bentonites in the suspension were separated by means of centrifugation, being thus analyzed by a flame photometer. Results: The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications to contain detectable amounts of sodium by means of flame photometry. A resulting linear relationship between the average value readings versus sodium standard content solution (both in ppm) was obtained by the logarithmic scale, as expected. Conclusion: The procedure allowed to define a method that could be used in the sodification control process, thus making it possible to differentiate the sodium cation content in terms of the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) from bentonite. X-ray analysis of in natura and the sodified clays showed nanostructural differences related to interlayer distance.

Attempts to Suppress Tinnitus with Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation

1985 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Vernon ◽  
James A. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Procedure ◽  
Placebo Trial ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Severe Tinnitus

Various electrical stimuli were tested for their ability to suppress or relieve severe tinnitus. Stimulation was applied transdermally by electrodes placed on the preauricular and postauricular regions and on the two mastoids. Of the 50 patients tested, only 14 (28%) obtained relief that met the criterion of a reduction in the tinnitus by 40% or more. When relief was obtained, it usually extended for several hours into the poststimulation period. There was only one positive response (2%) In the placebo trial, which was administered to all patients. It was concluded that transdermal electrical stimulation such as that used in this research Is not a practical therapeutic procedure for the relief of tinnitus.

scholarly journals Effect of Substrate Sodium Content on Crystallization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Tomaszewski ◽  
Karin Eufinger ◽  
Hilde Poelman ◽  
Dirk Poelman ◽  
Roger De Gryse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Glass Support

The effect of sodium content of the glass support on the crystallinity of sputteredTiO2films and photocatalytic breakdown of ethanol has been studied. It was found that the activity of the as-deposited (amorphous) films does not depend on the type of support used. The chemical composition of the glass support does influence the activity of annealed films. When using soda-lime glass support sodium diffuses into the film upon annealing, suppressing anatase crystallization and decreasing its photocatalytic activity. To decrease the influence of sodium, soda-lime glass coated with an e-beam evaporatedSiO2barrier layer was used with good result. A reduced sodium concentration in the film leads to well crystallized anatase after annealing. An increased photocatalytic activity was observed for these films.

scholarly journals Influence of the genotype of Holstein breed bulls-producers on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
M. V. Strizhkova ◽  
O. I. Sebezhko ◽  
T. V. Konovalova ◽  
K. N. Narozhnykh ◽  
V. A. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Water Feed

The study of the biological role of chemical elements in farm animals is one of the issues that scientists continue to investigate. A comprehensive study of the gene pool and phenofund of breeds and species of farm animals is being carried out in Siberia. An important issue is the search for vital markers of macronutrient accumulation, including sodium in organs and tissues of animals. The article presents data on the content of sodium in the blood serum of offspring obtained from bulls-producers of the Holstein breed. The experiment was carried out at OAO Vaganovo, Kemerovo region. The sodium concentration was determined by the atomic emission method on an ICP AES IRIS spectrometer at the V. S. Sobolev Analytical Center for Collective Use of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. In the area of Holstein cattle breeding, there is no excess of LOC for heavy metals in soil, water, feed, organs and tissues of animals. The influence of the genotype of the fathers of the Holstein breed on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons was established. The sodium concentration in Fabio’s offspring was 1.9 times higher (240.4 mg/ l) than in Brio’s sons (P ˂ 0.001). By the level of sodium in the serum of offspring, bulls-producers were arranged in the following order: Brio ˂ Bonaire ˂ Malstrom ˂ Fabio in a proportion of 1: 1.3: 1.5: 1.9. The phenotypic variability of this element between the offspring of different producers differed by 3 times or more. Interbreed differentiation, the influence of the genotype of producers, differences between lines and families sign the hereditary determination of resistance and susceptibility to the accumulation of macro- and microelements in organs and tissues of animals.

Sodium exchange and distribution in the arterial wall

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Garrahan ◽  
M. F. Villamil ◽  
J. A. Zadunaisky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Sodium Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Curve ◽  
Total Sodium

Pieces of dog carotid artery were studied with respect to water and sodium content. Total sodium content averaged 113 ± 1.2 mm/kg fresh tissue; total water 73.6 ± 0.3% and inulin space 36.2 ± 0.5% of tissue wet wt. A total of 94.8 ± 1.3% of sodium exchanged within 6–12 min with Na22, and 97.4 ± 0.7% of the stable sodium was extracted in sodium-free solution (choline replacement). The curve of efflux of Na22 at 37 C could be decomposed into three simple exponentials with half-times of 42.5 ± 2.3 sec ( phase 1), 5.0 ± 0.3 min ( phase 2), and 71.0 ± 7.3 min ( phase 3). Exchange of sodium of phase 1 (extracellular) fitted well with a theoretical diffusion curve, showed low temperature coefficient and no potassium dependency, and was not influenced by ouabain. Exchange of sodium of phase 2 (cellular) showed high temperature coefficient and potassium dependency and was sensitive to ouabain. Calculations based on the compartmental analysis indicate a too-great intracellular sodium concentration. Binding of sodium to polyanions in the extracellular space is suggested as a possible explanation of the results.

Relation of the Extracellular [Bicarbonate]/[Chloride] Ratio to Erythrocyte Sodium Content: A Possible New Control System

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Needle ◽  
W. Shapiro ◽  
V. Viswanathan ◽  
M. Semar
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Ethacrynic Acid ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Erythrocyte Sodium ◽  
Induced Changes

1. Erythrocytes were incubated in buffers with different [bicarbonate]/[chloride] ratios. 2. The erythrocyte sodium content was higher in buffers with higher [bicarbonate]/ [chloride] ratios. 3. The rise in erythrocyte sodium concentration with increase in [bicarbonate]/[chloride] ratio was independent of the effects of ouabain and ouabain plus ethacrynic acid. Primaquine-induced changes in membrane permeability, ATP depletion by starvation and the use of potassium-free buffers did not change the effect. 4. The results may demonstrate a system which either increases the permeability of erythrocytes to sodium or regulates the sodium content of erythrocytes by a carrier system which is independent of ATP.

scholarly journals Gastric Emptying After Pickle-Juice Ingestion in Rested, Euhydrated Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
Gary W. Mack ◽  
Kenneth L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Abstract Context: Small volumes of pickle juice (PJ) relieve muscle cramps within 85 seconds of ingestion without significantly affecting plasma variables. This effect may be neurologic rather than metabolic. Understanding PJ's gastric emptying would help to strengthen this theory. Objective: To compare gastric emptying and plasma variables after PJ and deionized water (DIW) ingestion. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten men (age  =  25.4 ± 0.7 years, height  =  177.1 ± 1.6 cm, mass  =  78.1 ± 3.6 kg). Intervention(s): Rested, euhydrated, and eunatremic participants ingested 7 mL·kg−1 body mass of PJ or DIW on separate days. Main Outcome Measure(s): Gastric volume was measured at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes postingestion (using the phenol red dilution technique). Percentage changes in plasma volume and plasma sodium concentration were measured preingestion (−45 minutes) and at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes postingestion. Results: Initial gastric volume was 624.5 ± 27.4 mL for PJ and 659.5 ± 43.8 mL for DIW (P > .05). Both fluids began to empty within the first 5 minutes (volume emptied: PJ  =  219.2 ± 39.1 mL, DIW  =  305.0 ± 40.5 mL, P < .05). Participants who ingested PJ did not empty further after the first 5 minutes (P > .05), whereas in those who ingested DIW, gastric volume decreased to 111.6 ± 39.9 mL by 30 minutes (P < .05). The DIW group emptied faster than the PJ group between 20 and 30 minutes postingestion (P < .05). Within 5 minutes of PJ ingestion, plasma volume decreased 4.8% ± 1.6%, whereas plasma sodium concentration increased 1.6 ± 0.5 mmol·L−1 (P < .05). Similar changes occurred after DIW ingestion. Calculated plasma sodium content was unchanged for both fluids (P > .05). Conclusions: The initial decrease in gastric volume with both fluids is likely attributable to gastric distension. Failure of the PJ group to empty afterward is likely due to PJ's osmolality and acidity. Cardiovascular reflexes resulting from gastric distension are likely responsible for the plasma volume shift and rise in plasma sodium concentration despite nonsignificant changes in plasma sodium content. These data support our theory that PJ does not relieve cramps via a metabolic mechanism.

P4993Tissue sodium concentration emerged as a determinant of hypertrophic vascular remodeling in type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Schmieder ◽  
S Jung ◽  
D Kannenkeril ◽  
J M Harazny ◽  
K Striepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Retinal Arterioles ◽  
Tissue Sodium

Abstract Background Studies describe a linkage between greater sodium intake and higher incidence of organ damage and cardiovascular end points. Sodium intake is usually assessed by measuring 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, which is prone to high fluctuation. For the assessment of tissue sodium a new technique (23Na-MRI) has been developed. We analyzed whether tissue sodium is linked to vascular remodeling of small resistance vessels in patients with type-2 diabetes. Methods In patients with type 2 diabetes we assessed tissue sodium content and vascular structural parameters of the retinal arterioles, since structural changes of resistance vessels (150–300 μm) can be non-invasively and reliably assessed in the retinal circulation by Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry (SLDF). Patients with antidiabetic medication were off the therapy (antihypertensives were kept constant) for 4 weeks. The structural parameters of retinal arterioles assessed were outer- and inner diameter (OD & ID), wall thickness (WT), wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) and wall cross sectional area (WCSA). Tissue sodium content was assessed non-invasively with a 3.0 T clinical MRI system in each patient. Subject placed their lower legs in the center of a 23Na knee coil and sodium content in skin and muscle (musculus triceps surae) were measured. Results In patients with type 2 diabetes (N=52) we observed a significant correlation between tissue sodium content (muscle and skin) and OD, WT and WCSA and a trend has been noticed between muscle sodium content and ID and WLR. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that tissue sodium content is a significant determinant of hypertrophic vascular remodeling as indicated by increased WT and WCSA, independent of age, gender and 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure. Correlation coefficients Muscle sodium content (mmol/l) Skin sodium content (mmol/l) OD (μmol) r=0.402, p=0.003 r=0.299, p=0.033 ID (μmol) r=0.265, p=0.058 r=0.202, p=0.154 WT (μm) r=0.402, p=0.003 r=0.313, p=0.026 WLR r=0.247, p=0.078 r=0.171, p=0.230 WCSA (μm2) r=0.417, p=0.002 r=0.322, p=0.021 Conclusion With the novel 23Na-MRI technology, we could demonstrate that high tissue sodium concentration is linked to with hypertrophic vascular remodeling of retinal arterioles. Thus, the reduction of tissue sodium content may emerge as a therapeutic target.

Aorta Electrolytes of Hypotensive Potassium-Deficient Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Charles Freed ◽  
Shirley St. George ◽  
Ray H. Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Arterial Tone

The hypotension of potassium-deficiency is associated with a decrease in aorta potassium concentration, the sodium content remaining unchanged, resulting in a high sodium/potassium ratio. Loss of arterial tone may result and thus contribute to the lowering of blood pressure. Cortisone administration to such rats does not alter the low aorta potassium content but appreciably reduces the sodium concentration. The return to a more normal sodium/potassium ratio in the aorta following cortisone may restore the arterial tone and thus explain the blood pressure rise to normal levels.

Effect of Hypertension on Arterial Wall Electrolytes During Desoxycorticosterone Administration

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Tobian ◽  
Paul D. Redleaf
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Administration of desoxycorticosterone and NaCl resulted in an increased sodium and potassium content of the aorta in rats becoming severely hypertensive. Equivocally hypertensive animals on this regimen showed smaller increases in sodium and a decrease in potassium. Sodium restriction prevented both hypertension and changes in arterial wall chemistry from occurring in rats receiving desoxycorticosterone. Hypertension per se may be fundamentally associated with an increased potassium and sodium content in artery, as experimental renal hypertension is characterized by a similar electrolyte alteration.

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