Metabolic Aspects of Hypothermia in the Elderly

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Stoner ◽  
K. N. Frayn ◽  
R. A. Little ◽  
C. J. Threlfall ◽  
D. W. Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

1. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, amino acids, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, ketone bodies, insulin and cortisol were measured in 43 elderly patients with hypothermia. In 15 of these patients forearm arteriovenous differences were also measured. Core temperatures ranged from 25.9 to 35.5°C. 2. The metabolic state was of mobilization of glycogen and triacylglycerol stores, with high plasma concentrations of lactate and lipid metabolites. The plasma concentration of glucose was raised in those with hypothermia of a short duration (<6 h). In other patients it was low in those with core temperatures around 30°C, but below this temperature it was variable and often high. Concentrations of other metabolites or hormones were not related to core temperature. 3. Plasma concentrations of cortisol were high and positively correlated with those of lactate and glycerol, suggesting active involvement in stimulation of muscle glycogenolysis and of lipolysis. 4. Plasma concentrations of insulin ranged from very low to very high and appeared to depend on the concentrations of both glucose and alanine. 5. Arteriovenous differences were generally small. There was peripheral release of lactate and of amino acids but no overall peripheral uptake of glucose. In nine out of 15 patients there was a significant peripheral release of glucose. 6. No differences in metabolism were observed between patients where the hypothermia appeared accidental and those with an obvious precipitating illness, despite a significantly lower mortality in the former group. 7. It was concluded that therapy should primarily involve rewarming of patients by physical means, without metabolic intervention.

The Relationships between Plasma Substrates and Hormones and the Severity of Injury in 277 Recently Injured Patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Stoner ◽  
K. N. Frayn ◽  
R. N. Barton ◽  
C. J. Threlfall ◽  
R. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Injured Patients

1. The plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, amino acids, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, ketone bodies, ethanol, cortisol and insulin were measured in patients within a few hours of injury and before treatment. The severity of the injuries was assessed by the Injury Severity Score (ISS) method. 2. Plasma lactate and glucose concentrations both rose significantly with increasing ISS. 3. The concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol were greater after moderate (ISS 7–12) than after minor (ISS 1–6) injuries. The glycerol concentrations were no higher and the non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were lower after severe (ISS > 12) than after moderate injuries. The concentrations of total ketone bodies tended to follow those of non-esterified fatty acids and there was a highly significant correlation between them. 4. The total concentration of amino acids was not affected by the severity of injury and there were no systematic changes in the concentrations of individual ones. 5. Plasma insulin concentrations were very variable and not related to severity. A weak correlation with the plasma glucose concentration seen after minor and moderate injuries was lost in the severely injured. 6. The plasma cortisol concentration was positively related to ISS up to ISS 12 but negatively so in the severely injured. 7. Factors such as age, sex and time after last meal were investigated. The most important factor modifying the response was intake of ethanol, which reduced the plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and alanine and raised that of lactate as well as the [β-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio.

scholarly journals Phytol supplementation alters plasma concentrations of formate, amino acids, and lipid metabolites in sheep

animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 100174
Author(s):  
L.L. Ding ◽  
M. Matsumura ◽  
T. Obitsu ◽  
T. Sugino
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lipid Metabolites

Quantitative Changes in Plasma Amino Acids Induced by Oral Contraceptives

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Craft ◽  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Quantitative Changes

1. Plasma amino acids have been determined in healthy untreated women and in those receiving synthetic steroids to suppress ovulation. Both groups were studied early in the cycle when endogenous sex hormone production is low, and again later in the same cycle, when endogenous or exogenous hormones are at high concentrations respectively. 2. In normal women there is a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of serine, glutamate and ornithine, and of total amino acids in the second half of the cycle. 3. At this time those taking oral contraceptives have significant decreases in plasma concentrations of proline, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and tyrosine, and of total plasma amino acids. In addition plasma glutamate, glycine, isoleucine and tyrosine concentrations are significantly lower than in normal women. 4. In the interval between completing one course of contraceptive pills and commencing the next, total plasma amino acid concentration reverts to normal, but a significant decrease in plasma glycine concentration persists. 5. It is suggested that these changes are due to the influence of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones respectively.

Propranolol in Children: Safety-Toxicity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Michael Artman ◽  
Mitch Grayson ◽  
Robert C. Boerth
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
First Case ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Pharmacologic Effect ◽  
Propranolol Therapy ◽  
Very High

Four hours after acute ingestion of 400 to 1,200 mg of propranolol by a healthy, 3-year-old boy, his plasma concentration of propranolol was 2,289 ng/ml. The only pharmacologic effect observed was a diminished heart rate response to crying and activity. In a second case, a 4-year-old boy on chronic propranolol therapy for renovascular hypertension had a hypoglycemic seizure when solid food was refused for three days because of an oral wound. The hypoglycemia was easily managed with intravenous glucose, and there were no sequelae. The first case alludes to the safety of propranolol in a healthy child even with very high plasma concentrations. The second case suggests the necessity of anticipating and avoiding hypoglycemia that can develop in children on chronic propranolol therapy when caloric intake is impaired.

Effect of Aging on Free Amino Acids and Electrolytes in Leg Skeletal Muscle

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Möller ◽  
J. Bergström ◽  
S. Eriksson ◽  
P. Fürst ◽  
K. Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Difference

1. The concentrations of electrolytes and free amino acids in plasma and the quadriceps femoris muscle were studied in ten apparently healthy elderly men, 52–77 years of age. The results were compared with those previously recorded for men 20–36 years old. 2. The two groups of subjects did not differ with regard to serum electrolytes and intracellular water content but the extracellular water in the older subjects exceeded that of the younger group by about 50%. The muscle specimens of the elderly men were also characterized by a 40% elevation of their total contents of Na+ and Cl−, whereas the content of K+ and Mg2+ was almost identical in both groups. 3. The means recorded for the plasma concentrations of most amino acids tended to be higher in the elderly men. The differences reached statistical significance for tyrosine, histidine, valine, lysine and total essential amino acids. In keeping with the findings in plasma, the amino acid concentrations in the muscle of the older group tended to exceed those of the younger ones. The difference reached statistical significance with regard to total amino acids, essential and non-essential amino acids, aspartate, alanine, citrulline, histidine, arginine, leucine and lysine. The various mechanisms that may contribute to these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of methylenecyclopropylglycine poisoning in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Melde ◽  
S Jackson ◽  
K Bartlett ◽  
H S A Sherratt ◽  
S Ghisla
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Branched Chain

We describe the effects of methylenecyclopropylglycine in fasted rats. A 75% decrease in the blood glucose concentration and an increase of lactate and pyruvate were observed 6 h after administration of 100 mg of this amino acid/kg. By contrast with the effects reported for hypoglycin [Williamson & Wilson (1965) Biochem. J. 94, 19c-21c], the plasma concentrations of ketone bodies decreased after administration of methylenecyclopropylglycine and the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in the plasma were increased 6-fold. The oxidation of decanoylcarnitine or of palmitate was nearly completely inhibited in rat liver mitochondria from methylenecyclopropylglycine-poisoned rats. The activities of acetoacetyl-CoA and of 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase were decreased to 25% and less than 10% of the controls. There was a pronounced aciduria, due to the excretion of dicarboxylic acids and of oxidation products of branched-chain amino acids. The accumulation of the toxic metabolite methylenecyclopropylformyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix was detected after administration of methylenecyclopropylglycine. Similarly we confirmed experimentally that methylenecyclopropylacetyl-CoA accumulates in mitochondria incubated with methylenecyclopropylpyruvate.

scholarly journals The effects of inhibition of gluconeogenesis in suckling newborn rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ferre ◽  
J P Pegorier ◽  
J Girard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Blood Ketone Bodies

Inhibition of gluconeogenesis with 3-mercaptopicolinate in suckling newborn rats caused a fall in blood [glucose], but no change in their high plasma [free fatty acid] and blood [ketone bodies]. Active gluconeogenesis seems to be more important than sparing of glucose by high concentrations of fat-derived substrates for the maintenance of normal blood [glucose] in suckling newborn rats.

scholarly journals Comparison of plasma and intra-articular gentamicin levels after intravenous administration in healthy horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Marília Alves Ferreira ◽  
Mayra Lissoni Aguiar ◽  
Renan Grigoletto ◽  
Danielle Passarelli ◽  
Julia de Assis Arantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Right

Septic arthritis is considered one of the most severe disorders that affect horses’ joints. Therapy is intended to eliminate the microorganisms that cause this infection. The intravenous administration of antibiotics is an easily performed technique, but there is no guarantee that the antibiotics will reach the joint milieu at high concentrations and remain elevated for a certain period of time. This study aimed to determine and compare the levels of gentamicin in the plasma and synovial fluid of healthy horses after intravenous administration for seven days. Five horses received 6.6 mg/kg intravenous gentamicin every 24 h for seven consecutive days. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected from the right metacarpal-phalangeal joint before the start of the treatment (T0) and after 6 h (T6), 12 h (T12), and every 24 h during antibiotic therapy for seven days (D1 to D7). The levels of gentamicin in serum and synovial fluid were quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The intravenous administration of 6.6 mg/kg of gentamicin, in horses, after a period of 24 h, promotes synovial fluid concentrations below the MIC of the drug, in spite of reaching high plasma concentrations of gentamicin, daily mean serum concentration which was 29-fold higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug. The intravenous administration every 24 h during seven consecutive days did not cause systemic side effects, such as hepatic or renal injury.

Metabolic organization of liver and somatic muscle of landlocked sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus, during the spawning migration

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. LeBlanc ◽  
T. E. Gillis ◽  
M. F. Gerrits ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Organization

The metabolic organization of liver and muscle of the landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, during the spring spawning migration was assessed by measuring activities of key enzymes for several metabolic pathways, the oxidative properties of mitochondria, and plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and free amino acids. These determinations indicate that several metabolic sources are used to fuel the energy requirements of muscle. Lamprey muscle has a high capacity to oxidize lipids but the plasma NEFAs are lower than those reported for other species. Of the NEFAs measured in plasma, 18:0 was prominent, accounting for 23% of the total NEFA content of the plasma. High plasma concentrations of ketogenic amino acids and high levels of tissue ketogenic/ketolytic enzyme activities indicate that ketone bodies may also be a major fuel source for migrating sea lampreys. Based on mitochondrial oxidation and enzyme measurements, glutamine catabolism in somatic muscle of lampreys is less important than in other fish red muscle.

Prostacyclin in the circulation of patients with vascular disorders undergoing surgery

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ritter ◽  
G. Hamilton ◽  
S. E. Barrow ◽  
D. J. Heavey ◽  
N. E. Hickling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Very High

1. The object of this study was to investigate clinical conditions in which increased production of prostacyclin (PGI2) has been reported. 6-Oxo-prostaglandin F1α (6-oxo-PGF1α) is the stable hydrolysis product of PGI2 and was measured in plasma from patients undergoing hepatic or cardiac surgery and in unoperated patients with vascular and hepatic disease, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2. Blood obtained simultaneously from portal and peripheral veins, during emergency surgery for bleeding oesophageal varices in six patients with cirrhosis of the liver, contained very high concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1α (range 99–11485 pg/ml of plasma). 6-Oxo-PGF1α was higher in portal than in peripheral blood in five out of six patients. 3. Six unoperated patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices which were not bleeding all had normal peripheral plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1α < 2 pg/ml (normal up to 5 pg/ml). 4. Seventeen patients with severe vascular disease had normal basal plasma 6-oxo-PGF1α concentrations (< 2 pg/ml). 5. Eighteen subjects with atheromatous coronary artery disease underwent aorta–coronary artery grafting, and plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF,α were markedly elevated during surgery (range 55–1207 pg/ml). 6. We conclude that surgery stimulates PGI2 production substantially, and argue that the function of PGI2 may be to limit intravascular extension of thrombus from sites of haemostasis. Inappropriate PGI2 synthesis may contribute to the massive haemorrhage characteristic of oesophageal variceal bleeding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document