Changes in Vascular Ionic Composition at Different Stages of DOC-Salt Hypertension in the Rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Villamil ◽  
C. Amorena ◽  
J. Ponce ◽  
A. Müller ◽  
A. C. Taquini
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Inulin Space ◽  
Salt Hypertension ◽  
Ionic Changes ◽  
Total Sodium

1. Sequential changes in the ionic composition of the aorta and skeletal muscle were followed during 1, 2 and 4–6 weeks in 30 rats given deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and salt supplemented with potassium chloride. Twenty-one rats, drinking water, were used as controls. 2. Twenty-five per cent of the test rats were hypertensive after 1 week, 60% after 2 weeks and 100% after 4–6 weeks. 3. Muscle potassium fell in all test rats by an average of 15%. In contrast, aortic potassium fell by 19% only in those rats which did not develop hypertension after 1 week. 4. Total and non-inulin sodium and water of the aorta were normal in rats which remained normotensive after 1 or 2 weeks and high in those which became hypertensive during the same period. 5. Total sodium and water content of the aorta were also high in rats which were hypertensive at 4–6 weeks. However, because of simultaneous expansion of the inulin space, non-inulin fractions were normal in this group. 6. Results suggest that vascular ionic changes participate in the pathogenesis of DOC-salt hypertension through more than a single mechanism.

Inulin Space as a Function of Equilibration Time

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. White ◽  
Doris Rolf
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Exponential Process ◽  
Inulin Space ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Single Exponential

Recovery of alkali-stable inulin injected intravenously into nephrectomized rats is complete at 30 minutes and at 3 hours, but falls progressively to 73% at 72 hours. Whole body inulin space is less than Cl space at 30 minutes and 3 hours, equals Cl space somewhere between 15 and 24 hours, and exceeds total body water at 72 hours. Inulin in cells is still in alkali-stable form. Alkali-stable inulin space equals total inulin space. Inulin space at 72 hours greatly exceeds water content in three tissues, liver, skin and spleen, rich in macrophages, while it is less than water content in a tissue, skeletal muscle, poor in macrophages. It is postulated that macrophages actively ingest and concentrate inulin. Rise in inulin space follows a straight semilog line rather closely, but this cannot be taken as proof that a single exponential process is operating. Since inulin space never levels off, the period of equilibration for the best measurement of ECF is uncertain.

Properties of 5′-deiodinase of 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine in rat skeletal muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujiko Tsukahara ◽  
Teruko Nomoto ◽  
Michiko Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Altered Thyroid

Abstract. To characterize rT3 5′-deiodinase (5′D) in rat skeletal muscle, the effects of altered thyroid status and PTU on rT3 5′D were studied. rT3 5′D activity was measured by incubating homogenates of rat skeletal muscle with [125]rT3, iodine labelled in the outer ring, in the presence of 20 mmol/l DL-dithiothreitol. This activity was observed to increase significantly 24 h after a single sc injection of T3 (75 μg/kg). The increase following the daily administration of this drug (15 or 75 μg/kg) for 3 and 14 days was dependent on the dose and number of previous days of injection. A significant decrease in activity was observed 2 weeks after thyroidectomy. The addition of 0.1 mmol/l 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) to the incubation medium in vitro caused a marked reduction in the activity in homogenates of skeletal muscle from hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. PTU, present at 0.05% in the drinking water for 2 weeks virtually abolished it. The properties of rT3 5′D in rat skeletal muscle thus appear to be essentially the same as those of type I enzyme with respect to response toward altered thyroid status and PTU.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE SECRETION OF ALDOSTERONE BY THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERTHA SINGER
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Aldosterone Production

SUMMARY 1. In rats fed normal diets, the intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration of potassium chloride, either immediately or at graded intervals before the collection of adrenal vein blood, did not increase the secretion of aldosterone. In animals fed low salt diets, excess of dietary potassium did not result in an increase in the secretion of aldosterone. 2. Chloride deficiency in the diet, for a period of 2 weeks, did not affect the rate of aldosterone production. 3. The intravenous administration of hypertonic saline just prior to collection of adrenal vein blood did not affect the rate of aldosterone secretion, but substitution of saline for drinking water for a period of 1 week reduced it. 4. Production of metabolic acidosis resulted in increased secretion of aldosterone. Production of metabolic alkalosis did not affect it. It is concluded from these results that altering the intracellular electrolyte composition of skeletal muscle will not affect the secretion of aldosterone. 5. Removal of peripheral blood either 2 hr, or 26 + 2 hr, before collection of adrenal vein blood in animals fed normal or low salt diets did not influence the secretion of aldosterone. Neither did maintaining the blood volume, with freshly drawn rat blood, during the collection of adrenal vein blood. 6. It was not possible to prevent the release of ACTH associated with the collection of adrenal vein blood by the use of morphine.

Effect of saline drinking water on the size and water content of the gut and other organs of male and female mallards

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Hughes ◽  
D C Bennett ◽  
T M Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Hind Gut

Ducks absorb imbibed Na+ and water in the anterior gut and reabsorb Na+ and water from urine refluxed into the hind gut. In Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) this process is sexually disparate: males reflux and reabsorb more water, mainly in the ceca. We examined the effect of saline acclimation on the size of Mallard organs, especially the gut and other osmoregulatory organs (kidneys, salt glands) in both sexes. We tested and accept two hypotheses: (1) saline increases the mass of the Mallard hind gut and other osmoregulatory organs and (2) saline has a greater effect on the organs of males. Drinking saline did not affect the mass of body, kidney, heart, or liver, but increased the mass of the salt glands, ileum, and ceca. Increases in organ mass were greater in males than in females. Saline acclimation increased the length of the jejunum only in males and decreased the length of the esophagus and the length and mass of the proventriculus only in females. Our data suggest that the upper and lower gut segments may play somewhat different roles in ion and water transport in the two sexes.

Alpha-adrenoceptors in human resistance arteries from colon, pericardial fat, and skeletal muscle

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. H762-H767 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nielsen ◽  
J. M. Hasenkam ◽  
H. K. Pilegaard ◽  
F. V. Mortensen ◽  
M. J. Mulvany
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Pericardial Fat ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptors ◽  
Selective Antagonist ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptor ◽  
Selective Agonist

Human resistance arteries (144-332 microns diam) from colon, pericardial fat, and skeletal muscle were mounted in a myograph for measurements of isometric contractions under conditions of partial depolarization by potassium chloride. In all preparations, both phenylephrine (alpha 1-selective agonist) and B-HT 933 (alpha 2-selective agonist) evoked concentration-dependent contractions that were antagonized by the alpha 1-selective antagonist prazosin (10(-8) M) and the alpha 2-selective antagonist yohimbine (10(-7) M), respectively. The affinities (expressed as pKB values) of prazosin for the receptor mediating the responses to phenylephrine were 8.88-9.41, whereas the affinities of yohimbine for the receptor mediating the responses to B-HT 933 were 7.71-7.97. Norepinephrine (mixed alpha 1-agonist/alpha 2-agonist) also elicited concentration-dependent responses that were modestly, but significantly, antagonized by prazosin alone and yohimbine alone at the above-mentioned concentrations. The two antagonists in combination, however, effectively antagonized the responses to this agonist. These findings strongly suggest the presence of functional, postjunctional alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in isolated human resistance arteries from colon, pericardial fat, and skeletal muscle and that responses to norepinephrine in these vessels are mediated by both alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes.

SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE AND WATER CONTENT OF SIX DISCRETE PARTS OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN?

1960 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Aprison ◽  
Arlene Lukenbill ◽  
William E. Segar
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Sodium Potassium

scholarly journals Glikogen Otot Rangka Ayam Broiler (Gallus gallus) setelah Pemberian Teh Kombucha dalam Air Minum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Nasrul Fathoni ◽  
M Anwar Djaelani ◽  
Sri Isdadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Kombucha Tea

Kombucha tea beverage obtained by fermenting sweetened green tea for 12 days with Acetobacter xylinum and Saccharomyces which produce various kinds of organic acids, vitamins, and acts as a probiotic. The role of kombucha tea as a growth promoter is to that improve the metabolic process in the digestion of broiler chickens, so that nutrients can and fulfilled optimally for growth and development. The aim of this research was to analyze the sceletal muscle glycogen glycogen (Gallus gallus) after treat with kombucha tea in drinking water. Kombucha tea used is the result of fermentation of green tea for 12 days. This research used DOC chickens (Day Old Chicken) as much as 20 randomly divided into 4 treatments with concentration ie 0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% kombucha tea in drinking water for 32 days. The variables measured were skeletal muscle glycogen levels, body weight, feed consumption and drink consumption. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan Test with 95% confidence level using SPSS 17.0 software. The results of this study showed that kombucha tea on skeletal muscle glycogen and feed consumption showed no significant difference, while on body weight and drink consumption showed significantly different results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that giving kombucha tea in drinking water to a concentration of 40% has not been able to affect the skeletal muscle glycogen in broiler chickens. Key words: Kombucha tea, broiler chicken, glycogen skeletal muscle

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