Liver Coenzyme a Ester Content: Comparison between Reye's Syndrome and Control Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Kang ◽  
Mary T. Capaci ◽  
David N. Korones ◽  
Nilima Tekade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Postmortem Change ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

1. The concentrations of the acid soluble and insoluble coenzyme A (CoA) esters were measured in samples of liver obtained at autopsy from Reye's syndrome and control subjects because the long chain fatty CoA compounds which make up the bulk of the acid insoluble CoA esters are known to inhibit a number of mitochondrially located enzymes, several of which may be affected in Reye's syndrome. 2. Concentrations of the acid insoluble esters varied widely in both control and Reye's liver samples. The difference between the mean values was not statistically significant (1·06 ± sem 0·33 nmol/g wet weight in Reye's samples vs 0·88 ± 0·21 in control samples). 3. Concentrations of the acid soluble CoA esters, which include the short chain fatty CoA compounds, were higher in Reye's liver samples than in samples from controls. The mean value for Reye's samples was 104·8 ± sem 29·4 nmol/g of liver compared with 26·4 ± 10·1 nmol/g for control samples (P < 0·05). 4. Studies with rats designed to assess postmortem change indicate that the liver concentration of the acid insoluble CoA compounds does not change during a 4 h period at 4°C. This finding suggests that the observations made in Reye's liver was probably due to a premorbid abnormality. 5. These findings implicate a block in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and could account for the reported relative increase in the concentrations of the short to medium chain fatty acids in the plasma of Reye's syndrome patients.

SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mahoudeau ◽  
A. Delassalle ◽  
H. Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.

Temperature, Mitochondria, and Reye's Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-986
Author(s):  
R. DON BROWN ◽  
JOHN T. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Epidemiologic Data ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
And Control

In Reply.— El-Mallakh raises hypothetical questions about an enhancing effect of fever on mitochondrial damage associated with Reye's syndrome. Our article on aspirin and Reye's syndrome1 emphasized the role of prodromal illness in use of aspirin. Fever was only one of several [See table in the PDF] prodormal illness events that were different in patients as compared with control subjects. Results of our analysis of the epidemiologic data from the Ohio study reveal a statistically significant higher temperature in those children which Reye's syndrome as compared with unmatched control subjects (Table) as well as in patients and control subjects matched for record temperatures.1

scholarly journals Reduced Serum Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Zaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biochemical Assessment ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Adiponectin is a collagen-like plasma protein secreted by adipocytes that has been suggested to play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance. Even though hypoadiponectinaemia is reported to be closely associated with obesity-related diseases such as ACVD, type 2 DM, dyslipidaemia, report from our environment is lacking. Materials and Methods: Serum adiponectin, insulin and glucose were measured in 90 type 2 diabetic and control subjects respectively. The patients were known diabetics attending the diabetic clinic at the ABUTH, Zaria. The control subjects were apparently healthy individuals within the hospital and Zaria environs. Results: Mean serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. On the other hand, the mean values of insulin and glucose were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the controls. Conclusion: Measurement of serum adiponectin as an adjunct in the biochemical assessment of type 2 DM is suggested.

Chemistry, mineralogy and microbiology of termite mound soil eaten by the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Western Tanzania

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Mahaney ◽  
Jessica Zippin ◽  
Michael W. Milner ◽  
Kandiah Sanmugadas ◽  
R. G. V. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Mahale Mountains ◽  
Mahale Mountains National Park ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High ◽  
Control Samples

Subsamples of termite mound soil used by chimpanzees for geophagy, and topsoil never ingested by them, from the forest floor in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, were analysed to determine the possible stimulus or stimuli for geophagy. The ingested samples have a dominant clay texture equivalent to a claystone, whereas the control samples are predominantly sandy clay loam or sandy loam, which indicates that particle size plays a significant role in soil selection for this behaviour. One potential function of the clays is to bind and adsorb toxins. Although both termite mound and control samples have similar alkaloid-binding capacities, they are in every case very high, with the majority of the samples being above 80%. The clay size material (<2 μm) contains metahalloysite and halloysite, the latter a hydrated aluminosilicate (Al2Si2O4·nH2O), present in the majority of both the termite mound soil and control soil samples.Metahalloysite, one of the principal ingredients found in the pharmaceutical Kaopectate™, is used to treat minor gastric ailments in humans. The soils commonly ingested could also function as antacids, as over half had pH values between 7.2 and 8.6. The mean concentrations of the majority of elements measured were greater in the termite mound soils than in the control soils. The termite mound soils had more filamentous bacteria, whereas the control soils contained greater numbers of unicellular bacteria and fungi.

Thyroid Nodules in Patients with Acromegaly: Frequency According to the ACR TI-RADS Classification and its Relationship with Disease Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Can ◽  
Muhammet Kocabaş ◽  
Melia Karakose ◽  
Hatice Caliskan Burgucu ◽  
Zeliha Yarar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose: In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid nodules in patients with acromegaly according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification and its relationship with acromegaly disease activity. Methods: A total of 56 patients with acromegaly and age, sex, and body mass index matched with 56 healthy control subjects were included in our study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody levels of patients and control subjects were measured. In addition, patients and healthy controls were evaluated by ultrasonography to determine thyroid structure, thyroid volume, and thyroid nodules and to make ACR TI-RADS classification. Results: Thyroid nodules were present in 31 (55.4%) of 56 patients in the acromegaly group and 20 (35.7%) of 56 subjects in the control group, and the frequency of thyroid nodules was significantly higher in the acromegaly group (p=0.038). The mean number of nodules in the acromegaly group and control group was 1.27±1.43 and 0.48±0.73, respectively, and the mean number of nodules was significantly higher in the acromegaly group (p=0.003). The number of patients with TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2, and TI-RADS 4 nodules in the acromegaly group was higher than the control group (p=0.026, p=0.049, p=0.007, respectively). No difference was found in terms of cytological findings between those who have undergone FNAB in the acromegaly group and control group. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the frequency of thyroid nodules, the number of thyroid nodules, and the number of TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2, and TI-RADS 4 nodules increased in patients with acromegaly. There was no significant difference between acromegaly disease activity and thyroid nodule frequency, number of thyroid nodules, and TI-RADS classifications.

scholarly journals Butyrate Permeation across the Isolated Ovine Reticulum Epithelium

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Reiko Rackwitz ◽  
Franziska Dengler ◽  
Gotthold Gäbel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporters ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
The Mean

We hypothesized that, due to the high pH of this compartment, the reticulum epithelium displays particular features in the transport of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Ovine reticulum epithelium was incubated in Ussing chambers using a bicarbonate-free buffer solution containing butyrate (20 mmol L−1). p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB), 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), or ouabain were added to the buffer solution as inhibitors of monocarboxylate transporters, sodium-proton-exchangers, or the Na+/K+-ATPase, respectively. The short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial conductance (Gt) were monitored continuously while the flux rates of 14C-labelled butyrate were measured in the mucosal-to-serosal (Jmsbut) or serosal-to-mucosal direction (Jsmbut). Under control conditions, the mean values of Isc and Gt amounted to 2.54 ± 0.46 µEq cm−2 h−1 and 6.02 ± 3.3 mS cm−2, respectively. Jmsbut was 2.1 ± 1.01 µmol cm−2 h−1 on average and about twice as high as Jsmbut. Incubation with ouabain reduced Jmsbut, while Jsmbut was not affected. The serosal addition of EIPA did not affect Jmsbut but reduced Jsmbut by about 10%. The addition of pHMB to the mucosal or serosal solution reduced Jmsbut but had no effect on Jsmbut. Mucosally applied pHMB provoked a transient increase in the Isc. The serosal pHMB sharply reduced Isc. Our results demonstrate that butyrate can be effectively transported across the reticulum epithelium. The mechanisms involved in this absorption differ from those known from the rumen epithelium.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Gluma Desensitizer® on dentin hypersensitivity in periodontally treated patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila de Azevedo de Assis ◽  
Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi ◽  
Fabrício Batistin Zanatta ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tactile Probe ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test

The aim of this double-blind, controlled, split-mouth designed clinical trial was to assess the effect of a single application of Gluma Desensitizer® on alleviating dentin hypersensitivity. Twelve subjects entered the study and ten completed the protocol. Each subject had two teeth treated: one with Gluma Desensitizer® according to the manufacturer's instructions and one with water. The assessment of pain was performed with the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), after tactile (probe), thermal (cold blast of water) and thermal/evaporative (cold blast of air) stimuli at baseline, immediately after treatment, after 1 week and after 4 weeks. The mean VAS values for the test and control teeth were compared by the paired t test (alpha = 0.05). Repeated measurements ANOVA was used to compare the different experimental times. The results showed that for test teeth, at baseline, mean VAS values were 1.76 (± 2.82), 7.10 (± 2.10) and 4.75 (± 2.65), and, after 4 weeks, the mean values were 1.70 (± 2.31), 5.50 (± 3.30) and 4.61 (± 3.14), respectively for probe, water and air stimuli. For the control teeth, at baseline, the mean VAS values were 1.86 (± 2.92), 6.61 (± 2.31) and 4.08 (± 2.91) and, after 4 weeks, 2.66 (± 3.07), 6.32 (± 2.94) e 4.76 (± 3.26).There were no statistically significant differences between test and control teeth at any time. No intra-group differences were demonstrated either. It was concluded that Gluma Desensitizer® had no effect on hypersensitive teeth from periodontally treated patients for a period up to 4 weeks.

Proteomic Analysis of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) Using Nanoscale Protein Micorarray Techniques.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Author(s):  
Yazan Alsayed ◽  
Michael Timm ◽  
Alexey Leontovich ◽  
Daniel Santos ◽  
Allen Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the molecular alterations that occur at the protein level in patients with WM in order to identify novel targets of therapy, determine new markers of prognosis, and begin to delineate the pathogenesis of WM. Five bone marrow samples were obtained after informed consent from patients with symptomatic WM. Two bone marrow samples were obtained from age-matched controls and were pooled. All samples were purified with anti-CD19+ beads with over 90% purity. Protein quantification was performed and 1ug of protein was obtained for each sample and control. The nanoscale protein micorarray technique (BD Clontech, CA) was used to measure changes in the patterns of protein expression between WM samples and control lymphocytes. This is a new technique that detects differences in protein abundance between the tumor and control samples by hybridizing fluorescently labeled (Cy3 and Cy5) protein mixtures onto slides spotted with 512 monoclonal antibodies against human polypeptides. It requires minimal amount of protein. Two microarray slides were used for each experiment and a control experiment of control versus control was performed for normalization of the data. The slides were scanned using the Axon GenePix 4000B scanner. Two ratios were generated from the spot images for each protein target. The mean of the ratios of Cy5/Cy3 of both slides were analyzed using Clontech software and used to calculate an Internally Normalized Ratio (INR = ÷Ratio1/Ratio2, ratios 1 and 2 correspond to slides 1 and 2) for each spot on the array. The INR values were input into GeneSpring 6.0 software (Silicon Genetics, Redwood City CA). The data was normalized to the mean INR of the control samples. Proteins whose expression fold change relative to control was greater than 1.3 fold were determined. All samples were of symptomatic WM. There were 3 females and 2 males. The median age was 61 years (range, 47–83). Four patients were newly diagnosed and one had received prior rituximab, CHOP ad thalidomide therapy. Clustering analysis did not demonstrate a difference between newly diagnosed and treated samples. There were 72 proteins up or downregulated by 1.3 fold in all WM samples as compared to control. These included proteins in the PI3K pathway such as VHR, PTP1B, PI3K (p110alpha) and Rb2. Protein kinases such as PKCi, PKCbeta, PKC gamma, PKC delta, PLCgamma were all upregulated in WM samples. Other proteins included the B-cell specific activator protein PAX-5, the ubiquitin protein UBCH6, the STAT kinase STAT4, the GTPase Rho A-binding kinase ROK alpha, and the apoptosis protein SMAC/DIABLO. We demonstrate that several isoforms of the PKC family of proteins are upregulated in WM. PKC proteins regulate apoptosis, proliferation and migration in many cancer cells. These proteins may be useful targets of therapy in future clinical trials in WM. Other inhibitors that may be useful in WM include ubiqutin/proteosome inhibitors such as bortezomib and PI3K pathway inhibitors such AKT or mTOR inhibitors. Our results also confirm the presence of PAX-5 in WM consistent with previous cytogenetic studies. Supported in part by an ASH scholar award and Research Fund for Waldenstrom.

Clinical and pathological significance of sibling Graves' disease

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Tanaka ◽  
Shoichi Katayama ◽  
Kanji Kuma ◽  
Hajime Tamai ◽  
Fumio Matsuzuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subtotal Thyroidectomy ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract. The clinical picture and serum antithyroid antibodies in 16 pairs of siblings with Graves' disease were compared with an age and sex matched group of 32 patients with Graves' disease who did not have a family history of any thyroid disease (control patients). There was a significant difference in frequency and mean titres of antibodies to thyroglobulin between sibling patients. (positive 76.0%) and control patients (positive 40.0%), but not in microsomal antibodies (sibling; positive 92.0%, control; 92.0%). There were no significant differences in the mean values of 24 h 131I-thyroidal uptake, serum T3U, serum T4 and T3 concentrations before treatment between the two groups. Lymphoid follicles and degeneration of the epithelia were more often found in the thyroid glands of sibling patients than in those of the control patients, when 32 (16 sibling, 16 control) thyroid glands from the same groups in the clinical study, including antibody series, were examined pathologically after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Moreover, there was a strong tendency to increased lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration in the thyroid glands of sibling patients with Graves' disease. The findings might indicate that Graves' disease is closely related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, especially in sibling patients with Graves' disease.

scholarly journals Utilization of volatile fatty acids and glucose for protein deposition in lambs

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eskelandt ◽  
W. H. Pfander ◽  
R. L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Butyrate Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Infusion

1. Glucose, and acetic, propionic and butyric acids, the major energy sources available to ruminants, have been comparatively evaluated as energy sources for growth in lambs. The energy sources were administered intravenously at 2·092 and 2·510 MJ metabolizable energy per 24 h for periods of 9–12 d. Nitrogen was given in excess of requirement so that growth rate was limited by energy, as indicated by the increased N retention after intravenous administration of energy.2. The N-balance results from the trials showed that propionic acid promoted a significantly (P < 0·01) higher N retention than acetic acid. In some of the experiments there were no significant differences between propionic and butyric acids, and in others, no significant differences between acetic and butyric acids. Compared with isoenergetic glucose infusion, all volatile fatty acids were less efficiently utilized than glucose. The mean values for N balance (g/d) were 2·31 during control infusion, 6·53, 5·71, 5·48 and 4·59 during glucose, propionate, butyrate and acetate infusions, respectively.3. All energy sources reduced the faecal N excretion significantly. The greatest reduction was observed during butyrate treatment. The mean values for faecal N excretion (g/d) were 4·24 for control, 4·00 for acetate, 3·89 for propionate, 3·83 for glucose, and 3·76 for butyrate infusion. The reduced faecal N excretion after butyrate infusion partly accounts for the increased N retention with that treatment.

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