Effect of Uninephrectomy on Urinary Prostaglandin E2, F2α, and 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1α Excretion in Rats

1. Male Wistar rats were used to examine whether renal prostaglandins (PG) contribute to functional compensatory changes in the remaining kidney after uninephrectomy. Total urinary excretion of PGE2, PGF2α and 6-keto-PGF1α, a metabolite of PGI2, was measured before and during 11 days after surgery in uninephrectomized (UNX, n = 8) and sham-operated control (S, n = 9) rats. 2. Urine volume was increased for the UNX rats on days 2–8 after surgery, but not thereafter, and urine osmolality for UNX was decreased on post-surgery days 1–9; total urinary sodium excretion did not differ between the two groups. Urinary PGE2 excretion was decreased in the UNX rats to 50% of S rat values, except on post-surgery days 2 and 3, when values for the two groups were not significantly different. Urinary PGF2α excretion by the UNX rats was reduced to 50% of S rat values throughout the post-surgery period. In contrast, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PG1α by the UNX rats did not differ significantly from that by the S rats, except on a single day. 3. Chronic renal functional adaptation to renal mass reduction does not depend on increased renal prostaglandin systems activity; however, increased intrarenal PGE2 activity in the remaining kidney might be a factor in compensatory adjustments during the first days after surgery.

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The Effects of Long-Term Chaetomellic Acid A Administration on Renal Function and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Renal Mass Reduction

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/5125980 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

António Nogueira ◽

Francisco Peixoto ◽

Maria Manuel Oliveira ◽

Carlos André Pires ◽

Bruno Colaço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Renal Function ◽

Renal Mass ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Purpose.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic treatment with chaetomellic acid A (CAA) on oxidative stress and renal function in a model of renal mass reduction.Methods. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (RMR) or sham-operated (SO). One week after surgery, rats have been divided into four experimental groups: RMR: RMR rats without treatment(n=14); RMR + CAA: RMR rats treated with CAA(n=13); SO: SO rats without treatment(n=13); and SO + CAA: SO rats treated with CAA(n=13). CAA was intraperitoneally administered in a dose of 0.23 µg/Kg three times a week for six months.Results.RMR was accompanied by a significant reduction in catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) activity(p<0.05)and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. CAA administration significantly increased catalase and GR activity(p<0.05)and increased GSH/GSSG ratio, but no significant difference between the treated and nontreated groups was found in this ratio. No significant differences were found between the RMR groups in any of the parameters of renal function. However, CAA administration slightly improves some parameters of renal function.Conclusions.These data suggest that CAA could attenuate 5/6 RMR-induced oxidative stress.

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Effects of water immersion on sympathoadrenal and dopa-dopamine systems in humans

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.6.r993 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (6) ◽

pp. R993-R999 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Grossman ◽

D. S. Goldstein ◽

A. Hoffman ◽

I. R. Wacks ◽

M. Epstein

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Peptide System ◽

Triphasic Pattern ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

Water immersion to the neck increases central blood volume and evokes a marked diuresis and natriuresis. The present study examined simultaneously effects of water immersion on activities of three endogenous systems thought to participate in sodium homeostasis: the sympathetic nervous system, the atrial natriuretic peptide system, and the renal dopa-dopamine system. Hourly urine collections and antecubital venous blood samples were obtained from 10 normal subjects before, during, and after sitting in a water-immersion tank for 3 h; four control subjects were studied while seated without immersion. Urine volume was increased by more than threefold after 1 h of immersion (from 1.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min at baseline to 5.9 +/- 0.7 ml/min, P less than 0.001) and peaked during the second hour. Urinary sodium excretion increased by more than twofold (from 103 +/- 17 mu eq/min at baseline to 196 +/- 36 mu eq/min at 1 h, P less than 0.001) and peaked during the third hour. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine were suppressed consistently during immersion (P less than 0.05). There was a marked, prompt, and sustained increase in plasma levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (irANF) from 6.9 +/- 1.9 pg/ml baseline to 17.3 +/- 4.3 pg/ml at 1 h (P less than 0.001). Urinary excretion of dopa, dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, a neuronal metabolite of NE, changed in a triphasic pattern, with decreased excretion during the first hour of immersion (P less than 0.01), small but consistent increases during the next 2 h, and decreased excretion, to below baseline, during recovery (P less than 0.01 for dopa and dopamine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Effect of subacute dosing and phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on the metabolism of acetaminophen in rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y77-011 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Barry H. Thomas ◽

Walter Zeitz ◽

Arthur R. Beaubien

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Initial Rate ◽

Diuretic Effect ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Acetaminophen Glucuronide

The metabolism of 14C-ring-labelled acetaminophen was studied in male Wistar rats. Pretreatment with phenobarbital increased the initial rate of elimination of 14C from the blood and increased the amount of acetaminophen glucuronide excreted in the urine. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene did not significantly affect the rate of elimination from the blood and decreased the amount of acetaminophen glucuronide in the urine. Daily dosing with acetaminophen for up to 3 weeks increased the rate of elimination of 14C from the blood after 4 h, and increased the urinary excretion of both total 14C and the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Subacute dosing with acetaminophen had a diuretic effect but this did not correlate with the increased excretion of the drug. It is concluded that acetaminophen elimination is increased by phenobarbital pretreatment and by subacute dosing with acetaminophen, but by different mechanisms.

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Intestinal Absorption and Urinary Excretion of Melamine in Male Wistar Rats

Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) ◽

10.3358/shokueishi.32.439 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 439-443_1 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Takiko SUGITA ◽

Hajimu ISHIWATA ◽

Akio MAEKAWA

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Intestinal Absorption ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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Resistance to Remnant Nephropathy in the Wistar-Furth Rat

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.v104814 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 814-821

Author(s):

WAYNE R. FITZGIBBON ◽

EDDIE L. GREENE ◽

JASJIT S. GREWAL ◽

FLORENCE N. HUTCHISON ◽

SALLY E. SELF ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Injury ◽

Renal Mass ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Mesangial Proliferation ◽

Antihypertensive Regimen ◽

Renal Ablation ◽

Study Support ◽

And Control

Abstract. The Wistar-Furth rat, an inbred strain resistant to actions of mineralocorticoids, was used to study the concept that mineralocorticoids contribute to progressive renal injury. It was postulated that if chronic nephropathy depends on aldosterone and if Wistar-Furth rats are resistant to aldosterone, remnant nephropathy would be attenuated in Wistar-Furth rats. Wistar-Furth rats and control Wistar rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy or a sham procedure and then followed for 4 wk. Renal ablation resulted in hypertension at 4 wk in both strains (164 ± 5 [Wistar-Furth] versus 184 ± 7 [Wistar] mmHg mean arterial pressure), with sham animals remaining normotensive (134 ± 6 mmHg). Renal damage in response to 5/6 nephrectomy was greatly decreased in Wistar-Furth rats compared with Wistar rats. Albuminuria was markedly less in Wistar-Furth rats (12.7 ± 4.2 [Wistar-Furth] versus 97.4 ± 22.6 [Wistar] mg/d per 100 g body wt, P < 0.01). Glomerular damage, consisting of mesangial proliferation, mesangial lysis, and segmental necrosis, was observed in 42% of glomeruli from Wistar rats but in 0% of glomeruli from Wistar-Furth rats (P < 0.01). To address the possibility that higher BP in partially nephrectomized Wistar rats mediated the greater renal damage, the study was repeated, with Wistar rats (not Wistar-Furth rats) being treated with a hydralazine-reserpine-hydrochlorothiazide regimen. Although this antihypertensive regimen equalized BP (conscious systolic) (144 ± 8 mmHg [Wistar] versus 157 ± 7 mmHg [Wistar-Furth] at 4 wk), albuminuria remained more than 10-fold greater in Wistar rats. In summary, renal damage upon 5/6 nephrectomy was markedly reduced in Wistar-Furth rats, a finding not attributable to reduced systemic BP. Since Wistar-Furth rats have been shown previously to be resistant to the actions of mineralocorticoids, the data from the present study support the hypothesis that aldosterone mediates, at least in part, the renal injury attendant to renal mass reduction.

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Effects of the hydrophilic extract of Juniperus excelsa on renal function in male Wistar rats

Journal of Renal Injury Prevention ◽

10.15171/jrip.2019.07 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Sadrollah Mehrabi

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Juniperus Excelsa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Ores plant (Juniperus excelsa) has been used for a long-time in the treatment of kidney disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of J. excelsa extract on renal function in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight rats. Distilled water was used for the healthy control group and the other three groups received doses of 10%, 25% and 50% of the extract for one month. Prior to the intervention and on the 15th and 30th days after intervention, 24-hour urine was collected for measurement of protein, creatinine, and urine volume. On the 30th day, the rats were anesthetized with ether and in addition to the urinary samples, serum samples were taken directly from their heart to check for creatinine, urea, sodium, and potassium. Additionally, both kidneys were removed and examined for histological changes. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups before and after intervention regarding creatinine clearance (P=0.008). The mean serum urea on the 15th and 30th days of study was respectively 93±37.33 and 86.47±71.07 mg/dL (P=0.001). In pathology examination, minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitium and mild decrease in thickness of renal tubules was observed in 50% dose of the extract. Conclusion: This study showed that the greatest impact of J. excelsa on the renal function of the male Wistar rats was in doses of 50% of the extracts.

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Increased renal endothelin production in rats with reduced renal mass

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.3.f331 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 260 (3) ◽

pp. F331-F339 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Benigni ◽

N. Perico ◽

F. Gaspari ◽

C. Zoja ◽

L. Bellizzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Renal Mass ◽

Excretion Rate ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Cortical Tissue ◽

Urinary Excretion Rate ◽

Renal Cortical Tissue ◽

Progressive Renal Disease ◽

Remnant Kidney ◽

Stimulation Of

Renal endothelin (ET) production was investigated in rats after renal mass ablation, a model of progressive renal disease characterized by glomerular hemodynamic alterations and capillary thrombosis, and in sham-operated animals. Thrombin stimulation of renal cortical tissue from rats with renal mass reduction, 45 but not 7 days after surgery, generated significantly (P less than 0.01) more ET than tissue from sham-operated animals. Exposure to thrombin of isolated glomeruli from remnant but not sham kidneys also significantly (P less than 0.01) increased ET production compared with unstimulated glomeruli. At day 45, in rats with renal mass ablation ET plasma levels were numerically lower, whereas urinary excretion rate of ET was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased compared with sham-operated animals. After a 50-min intravenous infusion of 125I-ET to normal rats and animals with renal mass ablation, less than 0.3% and 0.03%, respectively, of total infused radioactivity was recovered in urine. These results indicate that thrombin-stimulated ET production by renal cortical tissues is increased in rats with renal mass reduction. Despite normal or low-normal plasma ET levels, urinary excretion of the peptide is markedly increased in this model. The exogenously labeled ET added to circulation is not excreted by the kidney, suggesting that enhanced urinary excretion rate would reflect an increased renal production of the peptide in rats with remnant kidney.

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DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF MATOA LEAVES EXTRACTS (Pometiapinnata) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POTASSIUM AND SODIUM LEVELS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s2.19481 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Ika Purwidyaningrum ◽

Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽

Irda Fidrianny

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Control Group ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Observation Study ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine diuretic activity of matoa leaves (Pometiapinnata) extracts and fraction and its influence on potassium and sodium levels.Methods: Matoa leaves were extracted by reflux method followed by evaporation using rotary evaporator. The subjects were male Wistar rats that were divided into 11 group furosemide (3.6 mg/kg bw), control group CMC 0.5%, matoa leaves extracts with doses of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves aqueous fraction with dose of 10.94 mg/kg bw, 21.88 mg/kg bw, 32.82 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves ethyl acetate fraction with dose of 4.35 mg/kg bw, 8.71 mg/kg bw, 13.06 mg/kg bw. Rats were placed in metabolic cagesduring observation study. Urine volume was measured for 5 to 24 hours. Potassium and sodium levels in urine were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.Results: The effective dose of matoa leaves extract and fractions for diuretic activity was matoaleaves ethyl acetate fraction 8.71 mg/kg bw which could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.Conclusion:Matoa leaves extract and fractions could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.

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Comparative study of alanine-ammo-peptidase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity in normal Wistar rat urine

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367783781070614 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Stoykova ◽

C. Philippon ◽

F. Labaille ◽

D. Prevot ◽

Y. Manuel

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Rat Urine ◽

Gamma Glutamyl ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

24 h urinary alanine-amino-peptidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were studied from the 3rd-7th month of life in male Wistar rats. A close relationship was found between AAP and GGT activity, except at the beginning and at the end of this period. At the end there appear 2 subgroups, the larger (70%) showing a strong correlation between AAP and GGT activity and the other (30%), demonstrating no correlation at all. A good correlation between AAP and GGT activities, creatinine, 24 h urine volume and 24 h creatinine output was found.

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