Effects of water immersion on sympathoadrenal and dopa-dopamine systems in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R993-R999 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grossman ◽  
D. S. Goldstein ◽  
A. Hoffman ◽  
I. R. Wacks ◽  
M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Peptide System ◽  
Triphasic Pattern ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Water immersion to the neck increases central blood volume and evokes a marked diuresis and natriuresis. The present study examined simultaneously effects of water immersion on activities of three endogenous systems thought to participate in sodium homeostasis: the sympathetic nervous system, the atrial natriuretic peptide system, and the renal dopa-dopamine system. Hourly urine collections and antecubital venous blood samples were obtained from 10 normal subjects before, during, and after sitting in a water-immersion tank for 3 h; four control subjects were studied while seated without immersion. Urine volume was increased by more than threefold after 1 h of immersion (from 1.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min at baseline to 5.9 +/- 0.7 ml/min, P less than 0.001) and peaked during the second hour. Urinary sodium excretion increased by more than twofold (from 103 +/- 17 mu eq/min at baseline to 196 +/- 36 mu eq/min at 1 h, P less than 0.001) and peaked during the third hour. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine were suppressed consistently during immersion (P less than 0.05). There was a marked, prompt, and sustained increase in plasma levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (irANF) from 6.9 +/- 1.9 pg/ml baseline to 17.3 +/- 4.3 pg/ml at 1 h (P less than 0.001). Urinary excretion of dopa, dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, a neuronal metabolite of NE, changed in a triphasic pattern, with decreased excretion during the first hour of immersion (P less than 0.01), small but consistent increases during the next 2 h, and decreased excretion, to below baseline, during recovery (P less than 0.01 for dopa and dopamine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of Atrial Natriuretic Factor on Bronchomotor Tone in the Normal Human Airway

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hulks ◽  
A. G. Jardine ◽  
J. M. C. Connell ◽  
N. C. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Airway Conductance ◽  
Bronchomotor Tone ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. Asthmatic patients bronchodilate in response to infused atrial natriuretic factor. We wished to determine whether the airways of normal subjects responded in a similar way. 2. Changes in airway resistance, as determined by specific airway conductance, were measured in eight normal subjects in response to intravenous infusion of atrial natriuretic factor at doses of 0.5, 2 and 10 pmol rnin−1 kg−1. 3. No significant effect was observed on specific airway conductance at any rate of infusion despite maximum mean (sem) plasma levels of 597 (62) pg of atrial natriuretic factor/ml in peripheral venous blood. 4. A second study was performed using six of the eight original subjects and employing a pharmacological dose of 50 pmol of atrial natriuretic factor min−1 kg−1. This produced mean plasma levels of 2056 pg/ml and a mean increase of 31% in specific airway conductance. 5. It is concluded that pharmacological, but not pathophysiological, elevations of plasma atrial natriuretic factor may significantly alter bronchomotor tone in normal subjects.

Cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine responses in male quadriplegics during head-out water immersion

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. R1424-R1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tajima ◽  
S. Sagawa ◽  
J. Iwamoto ◽  
K. Miki ◽  
B. J. Freund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Normal Men

The present study was undertaken to determine the relative influence of the action of the central nervous system on the mechanism of water-immersion-induced diuresis by comparing physiological responses of quadriplegic (QP) and normal subjects. After overnight fasting seven male QP subjects with complete cervical cord transections (C5-C8) and six normal men were tested before, during, and after 3 h of head-out immersion (HOI) in thermoneutral water (34.5-35.0 degrees C). The reversible increase in urine flow and the total urine volume (309 +/- 53 ml in 3 h) in QP subjects were comparable with that of the normal subjects (318 +/- 96 ml in 3 h). While osmolal excretion was increased in QP subjects, its magnitude was less when compared with that of normal subjects. Instead, the increased urine flow in QP subjects was characterized by increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and free water clearance, in contrast to a predominantly osmotic diuresis with no changes in GFR in the normal subjects. The HOI elevated (P less than 0.05) systolic pressure only in QP subjects, whereas the increase in cardiac output was the same in both groups. While plasma renin activity and aldosterone responses to HOI in QP subjects were comparable with those of normal individuals, plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in QP subjects was twofold higher (P less than 0.05) during HOI, and the approximately threefold increase in ANF (P less than 0.05) in QP subjects due to HOI was the same as that of normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Antinatriuretic Effect of Dopaminergic Blockade during Volume Expansion is Independent of Circulating Atrial Natriuretic Factor

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Coruzzi ◽  
Almerico Novarini ◽  
Luisa Musiari ◽  
Carlo Ravanetti ◽  
Salvatore Ghielmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. Ten normal subjects were subjected to 2 h water immersion with and without pharmacological dopaminergic blockade with either metoclopramide (group I) or domperidone (group II). 2. In group I, urinary sodium excretion showed a marked increase during water immersion alone, whereas it was blunted during water immersion plus dopaminergic blockade with metoclopramide (P < 0.05 vs water immersion alone, n = 5). Plasma aldosterone was significantly suppressed by water immersion alone (P < 0.05), but remained unchanged during water immersion plus metoclopramide. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor showed similar augmentation during water immersion alone and during water immersion plus metoclopramide. 3. Another five subjects (group II) were studied during water immersion alone and during water immersion plus dopaminergic blockade with domperidone. In this group the increase in urinary sodium excretion was similarly blunted by dopaminergic blockade. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor was equally elevated during water immersion alone and during water immersion plus domperidone, but aldosterone was suppressed by both water immersion alone and water immersion plus domperidone. 4. Our findings suggest that water immersion-induced atrial natriuretic factor release is independent of dopaminergic activity. Dopamine blockade is able to blunt significantly both water immersion-induced natriuresis and plasma aldosterone suppression, independently of the marked elevation of circulating atrial natriuretic factor, via a mechanism involving type 2 dopaminergic receptors.

scholarly journals Correlation of Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 Levels and the Colonic Mucosa Expressions in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-De Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yan Tan ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Both plasma and mucosal levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) have been shown to be independently correlated with ulcerative colitis (UC), but their relationship with each other and to disease severity remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between colonic mucosal and plasma levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 with each other and with the severity of ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods. Colonic mucosal lesions and venous blood samples were collected from 30 patients with UC and 15 normal subjects. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine colonic mucosal MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression; ELISA was used to measure plasma levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1.Results. Expression of colonic mucosal and plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in patients with UC was significantly higher than that of controls (P<.05), and was positively correlated with disease severity (P<.05). Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels were well correlated with their corresponding expression in colonic mucosa (P<.05,r=0.805 and 0.908).Conclusion. Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels reflect their colonic mucosal expression to some extent in patients with UC. Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1, in particular, demonstrate the potential to become biomarkers to clinically diagnose UC, predict its severity, and guide further therapy.

Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide under acute hypoxia in normal subjects

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kawashima ◽  
K. Kubo ◽  
K. Hirai ◽  
S. Yoshikawa ◽  
Y. Matsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF PLASMA LEVELS AND URINARY EXCRETION OF 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, NIGHT WORKERS AND BLIND SUBJECTS*†

1956 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDE J. MIGEON ◽  
FRANK H. TYLER ◽  
JOHN P. MAHONEY ◽  
ANGEL A. FLORENTIN ◽  
HILMON CASTLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Subjects

Contrasting plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations during comparable natriuresis with infusions of atrial natriuretic factor and saline in normal man

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Richards ◽  
Giancarlo Tonolo ◽  
Jorge Polonia ◽  
Piero Montorsi
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
The Face ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. To explore the role of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the response to an acute saline load, we compared plasma hormone and urinary electrolyte interrelationships during administration of ANF and saline. Plasma concentrations of ANF, renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone, together with urine volume and electrolytes, were measured during infusions of placebo, ANF [α-human ANF (99–126)] and 0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution in normal subjects under standardized conditions of diet and posture. 2. Saline loading and ANF infusions initially induced similar natriuresis and suppression of renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system activity in association with markedly disparate values of plasma ANF. Plasma ANF levels rose to two- and eight-fold placebo values with saline and ANF, respectively (P < 0.001). Conversely, in the period after infusion plasma ANF values were similar while natriuresis differed significantly. Peak natriuresis lagged behind peak plasma ANF values with both stimuli. 3. ANF, but not saline, enhanced urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium. Saline, but not ANF, caused increased kaliuresis. 4. The data suggest that ANF makes only a minor contribution to natriuresis induced by saline challenge, although full confirmation of this point requires quantification of end-organ responses to endogenous ANF in the face of changing arterial pressure and circulating volume.

Effect of Uninephrectomy on Urinary Prostaglandin E2, F2α, and 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1α Excretion in Rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Baer ◽  
Alberto Nasjletti
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

1. Male Wistar rats were used to examine whether renal prostaglandins (PG) contribute to functional compensatory changes in the remaining kidney after uninephrectomy. Total urinary excretion of PGE2, PGF2α and 6-keto-PGF1α, a metabolite of PGI2, was measured before and during 11 days after surgery in uninephrectomized (UNX, n = 8) and sham-operated control (S, n = 9) rats. 2. Urine volume was increased for the UNX rats on days 2–8 after surgery, but not thereafter, and urine osmolality for UNX was decreased on post-surgery days 1–9; total urinary sodium excretion did not differ between the two groups. Urinary PGE2 excretion was decreased in the UNX rats to 50% of S rat values, except on post-surgery days 2 and 3, when values for the two groups were not significantly different. Urinary PGF2α excretion by the UNX rats was reduced to 50% of S rat values throughout the post-surgery period. In contrast, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PG1α by the UNX rats did not differ significantly from that by the S rats, except on a single day. 3. Chronic renal functional adaptation to renal mass reduction does not depend on increased renal prostaglandin systems activity; however, increased intrarenal PGE2 activity in the remaining kidney might be a factor in compensatory adjustments during the first days after surgery.

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