Metabolic rate after massive weight loss in human obesity

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Finer ◽  
Philip C. Swan ◽  
Fred T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Obese Subjects

1. Resting metabolic rate, measured by the ventilated hood technique in 11 obese subjects before weight loss was 6.5 ± 0.3 kJ/min, not significantly different from the value predicted by regression equations relating metabolic rate to body weight (established from measurements in 106 subjects). 2. After 34.5 kg mean weight loss, and during continued dieting, resting metabolic rate fell an average of 25% to 5.0 ± 0.18 kJ/min, significantly below that predicted for the new slimmed weight. 3. The fall in metabolic rate, over and above that expected from weight loss alone, suggests that the slimmed obese are hypometabolic compared with subjects of the same weight who have not lost weight. 4. The failure of the slimmed obese to maintain their weight loss is unlikely to be due solely to this excessive fall in resting metabolic rate, since they still had quantitatively higher energy expenditure than lean subjects.

Visceral fat accumulation in obese subjects: relation to energy expenditure and response to weight loss

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. E913-E919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leenen ◽  
K. van der Kooy ◽  
P. Deurenberg ◽  
J. C. Seidell ◽  
J. A. Weststrate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Obese Subjects

Seventy-eight healthy obese subjects, 40 premenopausal women and 38 men aged 27-51 yr received a 4.2 MJ/day energy-deficit diet for 13 wk. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were measured by indirect calorimetry. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were calculated from magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after weight loss. Before weight loss, visceral fat accumulation was positively correlated with higher levels of RMR (P < 0.05) and DIT (P < 0.01) in women but not in men. The mean weight reduction was 12.2 +/- 3.5 (SD) kg. In men but not in women, an initially large visceral fat depot was associated with a reduced loss of weight and total fat mass (P < 0.05). Within each sex, an initial abundance of visceral fat was significantly related to a larger loss of visceral fat (P < 0.001) and in men to a smaller loss of subcutaneous fat (P < 0.05). These results suggest that there may be gender differences in the associations between visceral fat accumulation and components of energy expenditure (RMR and DIT) in obese subjects. Obese subjects with an initial abundance of visceral fat do not lose more body weight but more visceral fat than subjects with less visceral fat.

Energy expenditure in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects on metformin or sulphonylurea therapy

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Leslie ◽  
R. T. Jung ◽  
T. E. Isles ◽  
J. Baty
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

1. In the management of the non-insulin dependent diabetic patient, metformin often facilitates weight loss whereas sulphonylurea may predispose to weight gain. To investigate whether this is due to alterations in energy expenditure we have studied energy expenditure in seven non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects while on metformin or sulphonylurea therapy. 2. Three components of energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry, namely resting metabolic rate and the thermic responses to infused noradrenaline and to a mixed constituent meal. 3. There was no significant difference in the resting metabolic rate on metformin (5.29 ± 0.41 kJ/min; mean ± se) compared with sulphonylurea (5.34 ± 0.34 kJ/min). The resting metabolic rate was also similar to predicted values for non-diabetic subjects (r = 0.96). 4. The thermic response to infused noradrenaline was similar on metformin (23.14 ± 1.87 kJ) and sulphonylurea (21.40 ± 2.98 kJ). 5. There was no significant difference in the thermic response to the meal on sulphonylurea (75.8 ± 7.5 kJ) or on metformin (86.8 ± 10.8 kJ; 95% confidence limits − 17 to + 39 kJ). 6. We conclude that in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects metformin does not enhance energy expenditure overall, compared with sulphonylurea.

scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: Relative Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Energy Expenditure for Physical Activity and Association With Weight Loss Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 526-526
Author(s):  
Rachel Silver ◽  
Sai Das ◽  
Michael Lowe ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives There is persistent controversy over the extent to which different components of energy expenditure disproportionately decrease after weight loss and contribute to weight regain through decreased energy requirements. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CALERIE I study to test the hypothesis that decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure for physical activity (EEPA) after a 6-month calorie restriction intervention would predict weight regain at 12 months, with a greater decrease in RMR than EEPA. Methods Participants (n = 46) received all food and energy-containing beverages for 6 months. Outcome measures included total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and body composition by BOD POD. Predictions for RMR and EEPA were derived from baseline linear regression models including age, sex, fat mass, and fat free mass. Baseline regression coefficients were used to calculate the predicted RMR and EEPA at 6 months. Residuals were calculated as the difference between measured and predicted values and were adjusted for body weight. The presence of metabolic adaptation was evaluated by a paired t-test comparing measured and predicted RMR at 6 months. Differences between 6-month RMR and EEPA residuals were evaluated by the same method. Linear regression was used to assess the association between 6-month residuals and weight loss maintenance (% weight change, 6 to 12 months). Results Mean weight loss was 6.9% at 6 months with 2.1% regain from 6 to 12 months. No adaptation in RMR was observed at 6 months (mean residual: 19 kcal; 95% confidence interval: −9, 48; P = 0.18). However, significant adaptation was observed in EEPA (mean residual: −199 kcal; −126, −272; P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, the mean 6-month RMR residual was significantly greater than the mean 6-month EEPA residual (218 kcal; 133, 304; P &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant association between 6-month RMR or EEPA residuals and weight regain at 12 months (P = 0.56, 0.34). Conclusions There was no measurable decrease in RMR with weight loss after adjusting for changes in fat free mass and fat mass, but there was a decrease in EEPA. Changes in RMR and EEPA with weight loss over 6 months did not predict weight regain at 12 months. Funding Sources Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Doctoral Scholarship; USDA agreement #8050–51000-105–01S

scholarly journals The effects of physical exercise on metabolic rate and dietary-induced thermogenesis

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gleeson ◽  
J. F. Brown ◽  
J. J. Waring ◽  
M. J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Similar Body

1. The energy metabolism of ad lib.-fed adult male Wistar rats receiving daily running exercise (0·9 km/d; 8° incline) on a motor-driven treadmill, over a period of 56 d, was compared with that of sedentary ad lib.-fed rats and sedentary restricted-fed rats of similar body-weight (approximately 420 g).2. The metabolizable energy of the diet (Oxoid 41B) was 11·44 ± 0·05 kJ/g. This value was not affected by restricted feeding (70% ad lib.), exercise training or exercise itself.3. Exercise-trained rats ate 5% more food than the sedentary ad lib.-fed rats but their equilibrium body-weight was 60 g lower than that of the latter group.4. Resting metabolic rate, measured over 22 h in a respiration chamber was increased by 10% in exercise-trained animals.5. Feeding increased energy expenditure (dietary-induced thermogenesis) and this effect was potentiated by performance of an exercise task.6. Exercise-trained rats exhibited anticipatory rises in energy expenditure (approximately 40%) when placed on a stationary treadmill.7. Treadmill work increased energy expenditure by a factor of 1·9–2·4.8. The energy cost of the exercise, determined by respiration calorimetry was 66–80 J/g per km. These energy costs did not account for all the differences observed in food energy consumption of exercise-trained and sedentary rats of equal body-weight.9. It is concluded that regular physical exercise increases energy expenditure by factors additional to the energy requirement directly related to the physical work. These factors include an increased resting metabolic rale in exercise-trained rats, increased dietary thermogenesis induced by exercise and anticipatory increases in energy metabolism during the period preceding exercise.

scholarly journals Metabolic Slowing with Massive Weight Loss despite Preservation of Fat-Free Mass

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2489-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy L. Johannsen ◽  
Nicolas D. Knuth ◽  
Robert Huizenga ◽  
Jennifer C. Rood ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Vigorous Exercise

Abstract Context: An important goal during weight loss is to maximize fat loss while preserving metabolically active fat-free mass (FFM). Massive weight loss typically results in substantial loss of FFM potentially slowing metabolic rate. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether a weight loss program consisting of diet restriction and vigorous exercise helped to preserve FFM and maintain resting metabolic rate (RMR). Participants and Intervention: We measured body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water at baseline (n = 16), wk 6 (n = 11), and wk 30 (n = 16). Results: At baseline, participants were severely obese (×± sd; body mass index 49.4 ± 9.4 kg/m2) with 49 ± 5% body fat. At wk 30, more than one third of initial body weight was lost (−38 ± 9%) and consisted of 17 ± 8% from FFM and 83 ± 8% from fat. RMR declined out of proportion to the decrease in body mass, demonstrating a substantial metabolic adaptation (−244 ± 231 and −504 ± 171 kcal/d at wk 6 and 30, respectively, P &lt; 0.01). Energy expenditure attributed to physical activity increased by 10.2 ± 5.1 kcal/kg·d at wk 6 and 6.0 ± 4.1 kcal/kg·d at wk 30 (P &lt; 0.001 vs. zero). Conclusions: Despite relative preservation of FFM, exercise did not prevent dramatic slowing of resting metabolism out of proportion to weight loss. This metabolic adaptation may persist during weight maintenance and predispose to weight regain unless high levels of physical activity or caloric restriction are maintained.

scholarly journals Perfluoroalkyl substances and changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate in response to weight-loss diets: A prospective study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e1002502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Klodian Dhana ◽  
Jeremy D. Furtado ◽  
Jennifer Rood ◽  
Geng Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
A Prospective Study
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