Energy expenditure in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects on metformin or sulphonylurea therapy

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Leslie ◽  
R. T. Jung ◽  
T. E. Isles ◽  
J. Baty
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

1. In the management of the non-insulin dependent diabetic patient, metformin often facilitates weight loss whereas sulphonylurea may predispose to weight gain. To investigate whether this is due to alterations in energy expenditure we have studied energy expenditure in seven non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects while on metformin or sulphonylurea therapy. 2. Three components of energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry, namely resting metabolic rate and the thermic responses to infused noradrenaline and to a mixed constituent meal. 3. There was no significant difference in the resting metabolic rate on metformin (5.29 ± 0.41 kJ/min; mean ± se) compared with sulphonylurea (5.34 ± 0.34 kJ/min). The resting metabolic rate was also similar to predicted values for non-diabetic subjects (r = 0.96). 4. The thermic response to infused noradrenaline was similar on metformin (23.14 ± 1.87 kJ) and sulphonylurea (21.40 ± 2.98 kJ). 5. There was no significant difference in the thermic response to the meal on sulphonylurea (75.8 ± 7.5 kJ) or on metformin (86.8 ± 10.8 kJ; 95% confidence limits − 17 to + 39 kJ). 6. We conclude that in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects metformin does not enhance energy expenditure overall, compared with sulphonylurea.

scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: Relative Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Energy Expenditure for Physical Activity and Association With Weight Loss Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 526-526
Author(s):  
Rachel Silver ◽  
Sai Das ◽  
Michael Lowe ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives There is persistent controversy over the extent to which different components of energy expenditure disproportionately decrease after weight loss and contribute to weight regain through decreased energy requirements. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CALERIE I study to test the hypothesis that decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure for physical activity (EEPA) after a 6-month calorie restriction intervention would predict weight regain at 12 months, with a greater decrease in RMR than EEPA. Methods Participants (n = 46) received all food and energy-containing beverages for 6 months. Outcome measures included total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water, RMR by indirect calorimetry, and body composition by BOD POD. Predictions for RMR and EEPA were derived from baseline linear regression models including age, sex, fat mass, and fat free mass. Baseline regression coefficients were used to calculate the predicted RMR and EEPA at 6 months. Residuals were calculated as the difference between measured and predicted values and were adjusted for body weight. The presence of metabolic adaptation was evaluated by a paired t-test comparing measured and predicted RMR at 6 months. Differences between 6-month RMR and EEPA residuals were evaluated by the same method. Linear regression was used to assess the association between 6-month residuals and weight loss maintenance (% weight change, 6 to 12 months). Results Mean weight loss was 6.9% at 6 months with 2.1% regain from 6 to 12 months. No adaptation in RMR was observed at 6 months (mean residual: 19 kcal; 95% confidence interval: −9, 48; P = 0.18). However, significant adaptation was observed in EEPA (mean residual: −199 kcal; −126, −272; P < 0.0001). In addition, the mean 6-month RMR residual was significantly greater than the mean 6-month EEPA residual (218 kcal; 133, 304; P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between 6-month RMR or EEPA residuals and weight regain at 12 months (P = 0.56, 0.34). Conclusions There was no measurable decrease in RMR with weight loss after adjusting for changes in fat free mass and fat mass, but there was a decrease in EEPA. Changes in RMR and EEPA with weight loss over 6 months did not predict weight regain at 12 months. Funding Sources Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Doctoral Scholarship; USDA agreement #8050–51000-105–01S

A combination of various functional food ingredients as a weight management program: randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind human clinical studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harunobu Amagase
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
System P ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Lycium barbarum increased the postprandial energy expenditure (PPEE). Negative energy balance caused by the systematic procedure (TAIslim® System), including increasing metabolic rate through physical activity, use of Lycium barbarum-containing TAIslim (Product A), and decreasing caloric intake by consuming a chewable confection (TAIslim SKINNY=Product B), and a meal replacement shake (TAIslim SHAKE=Product C), would be successful for weight loss.Methods: We examined TAIslim System on anthropometrics, appetite in Study 1 and PPEE in Study 2, both in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind manner. 1) A total of 67 participants were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or TAIslim System). Intake procedures were: Product A, 60 ml (20 kcal) b.i.d. immediately before breakfast and lunch, Product B, 1 chew (20 kcal) t.i.d. between meals and after dinner; Product C, 40.5 g (158 kcal) as breakfast. A calorie-restricted diet with multi-vitamin supplementation and daily exercise was required. Anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 w. 2) Appetite was measured using a subjective visual analog scale during the initial 3-7 days of intake. 3) For PPEE evaluation, 12 participants consumed a single bout of TAIslim System products or placebo, and took part in 6 study sessions. EE was measured by an indirect calorimeter immediately before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 4 h post-intake of samples.Results: 1) Body weight was significantly reduced by 6.2±0.7%, compared to pre-intervention with TAIslim System (P<0.01). Waist circumference, total body fat, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels were also significantly reduced by TAIslim System, in a range of 3.8-9.9%. TAIslim System was significantly more effective than the placebo (P<0.05). The placebo group showed -0.1-3.9% reduction from pre-intervention with no significant difference. 2) TAIslim System also significantly suppressed appetite, by 39%, compared to the baseline and placebo (P<0.05) (11% reduction in the placebo). 3) PPEE was significantly increased by TAIslim System compared to placebo and baseline levels. Compared to the baseline EE, placebo increased only by 0.8±0.9%, but 7.2±1.2 % with TAIslim System (P<0.01).Conclusions: It is suggested that TAIslim System exhibits significant weight loss and stimulating effects on caloric expenditure, and thus may be a useful and effective weight loss program.Keywords: Lycium barbarum, Goji, Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Tea, Polyphenols, Human clinical trial, Energy expenditure, Resting metabolic rate, Waist circumference, Appetite, Body mass index, TAIslim.

scholarly journals Pre- to postexpedition changes in the energy usage of women undertaking sustained expeditionary polar travel

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hattersley ◽  
Adrian J. Wilson ◽  
Robert M. Gifford ◽  
Rin Cobb ◽  
C. Doug Thake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Stepping Exercise

This paper reports the metabolic energy changes in six women who made the first unsupported traverse of Antarctica, covering a distance of 1,700 km in 61 days, hauling sledges weighing up to 80 kg. Pre- and postexpedition, measurements of energy expenditure and substrate utilization were made on all six members of the expedition over a 36-h period in a whole body calorimeter. During the study, subjects were fed an isocaloric diet: 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein. The experimental protocol contained pre- and postexpedition measurement, including periods of sleep, rest, and three periods of standardized stepping exercise at 80, 100, and 120 steps/min. A median (interquartile range) decrease in the lean and fat weight of the subjects of 1.4 (1.0) and 4.4 (1.8) kg, respectively (P < 0.05) was found, using air-displacement plethysmography. No statistically significant difference was found between pre- and postexpedition values for sleeping or resting metabolic rate, nor for diet-induced thermogenesis. A statistically significant difference was found in energy expenditure between the pre- and postexpedition values for exercise at 100 [4.7 (0.23) vs. 4.4 (0.29), P < 0.05] and 120 [5.7 (0.46) vs. 5.5 (0.43), P < 0.05] steps/min; a difference that disappeared when the metabolic rate values were normalized to body weight. The group was well matched for the measures studied. Whereas a physiological change in weight was seen, the lack of change in metabolic rate measures supports a view that women appropriately nourished and well prepared can undertake polar expeditions with a minimal metabolic energy consequence. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on the metabolic energy consequences for women undertaking expeditionary polar travel. The results show that participant selection gave a “well-matched” group, particularly during exercise. Notwithstanding this, individual differences were observed and explored. The results show that appropriately selected, trained, and nourished women can undertake such expeditions with no change in their metabolic energy requirements during rest or while undertaking moderate exercise over a sustained period of time.

Metabolic rate after massive weight loss in human obesity

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Finer ◽  
Philip C. Swan ◽  
Fred T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Massive Weight Loss ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Obese Subjects

1. Resting metabolic rate, measured by the ventilated hood technique in 11 obese subjects before weight loss was 6.5 ± 0.3 kJ/min, not significantly different from the value predicted by regression equations relating metabolic rate to body weight (established from measurements in 106 subjects). 2. After 34.5 kg mean weight loss, and during continued dieting, resting metabolic rate fell an average of 25% to 5.0 ± 0.18 kJ/min, significantly below that predicted for the new slimmed weight. 3. The fall in metabolic rate, over and above that expected from weight loss alone, suggests that the slimmed obese are hypometabolic compared with subjects of the same weight who have not lost weight. 4. The failure of the slimmed obese to maintain their weight loss is unlikely to be due solely to this excessive fall in resting metabolic rate, since they still had quantitatively higher energy expenditure than lean subjects.

scholarly journals 2536

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
David M. Presby ◽  
Rebecca M. Foright ◽  
Julie A. Houck ◽  
Ginger C. Johnson ◽  
L. Allyson Checkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Obesity is a rapidly growing epidemic and long-term interventions aimed to reduce body weight are largely unsuccessful due to an increased drive to eat and a reduced metabolic rate established during weight loss. Previously, our lab demonstrated that exercise has beneficial effects on weight loss maintenance by increasing total energy expenditure above and beyond the cost of an exercise bout and reducing the drive to eat when allowed to eat ad libitum (relapse). We hypothesized that exercise’s ability to counter these obesogenic-impetuses are mediated via improvements in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, and tested this using a mouse model with augmented oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We recapitulated the exercise-induced improvements in oxidative capacity using FVB mice that overexpress lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle (mLPL). mLPL and wild type (WT) mice were put through a weight-loss-weight-regain paradigm consisting of a high fat diet challenge for 13 weeks, with a subsequent 1-week calorie-restricted medium fat diet to induce a ~15% weight loss. This newly established weight was maintained for 2 weeks and followed with a 24-hour relapse. Metabolic phenotype was characterized by indirect calorimetry during each phase. At the conclusion of the relapse day, mice were sacrificed and tissues were harvested for molecular analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During weight loss maintenance, mLPL mice had a higher metabolic rate (p=0.0256) that was predominantly evident in the dark cycle (p=0.0015). Furthermore, this increased metabolic rate was not due to differences in activity (p=0.2877) or resting metabolic rate (p=0.4881). During relapse, mLPL mice ingested less calories and were protected from rapid weight regain (p=0.0235), despite WT mice exhibiting higher metabolic rates during the light cycle (p=0.0421). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results highlight the importance of muscular oxidative capacity in preventing a depression in total energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance, and in curbing overfeeding and weight regain during a relapse. Moreover, our data suggest that the thermic effect of food is responsible for the differences in metabolic rate, because no differences were found in activity or resting metabolic rate. Additional studies are warranted to determine the molecular mechanisms driving the ability of oxidative capacity to assist with weight loss maintenance.

The Relationship of Mode and Intensity of Training on Resting Metabolic Rate in Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Byrne ◽  
Jack H. Wilmore
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aerobically Trained

The present cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relationship between exercise training and resting metabolic rate (RMR). The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (AT), resistance trained (RT), and untrained (UNT) women. Subjects were also classified as highly trained (HT), moderately trained (MT), or untrained (UNT) in order to examine the relationship between RMR and level of training. Sixty-one women between the ages of 18 and 46 years volunteered to serve as subjects in this study. Each subject completed measurements of body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and two consecutive measurements of RMR. The data presented show that there was no significant difference in resting metabolic rate between resistance-trained, aerobically trained, and control subjects. However, when grouped by intensity of training, there was a trend for an increased resting metabolic rate (kcal/day) in the highly trained subjects, regardless of mode of training.

Determination of total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and physical activity in lean and overweight people

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thielecke ◽  
J. Möseneder ◽  
A. Kroke ◽  
K. Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
H. Boeing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight People
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document