Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of infusions of low doses of isoprenaline in man

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Mansell ◽  
I. W. Fellows ◽  
A. T. Birmingham ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The cardiovascular and metabolic responses to low doses of isoprenaline (15 and 5 ng min−1 kg−1 body weight infused over 30 min) were determined in six healthy males. The study was performed to investigate whether there were sustained effects after the termination of the isoprenaline infusions, as has been observed previously after the infusion of adrenaline. 2. The isoprenaline infusions produced dose-dependent increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and metabolic rate, but similar increases in calf blood flow and decreases in diastolic blood pressure for the two infusion rates. Finger tremor was increased in amplitude by the 15 ng min−1 kg−1 infusion only. The changes in each of these physiological variables largely resolved within a few minutes of discontinuing the isoprenaline infusions. 3. There were no changes in arterialized venous plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels during the isoprenaline infusions. Mean peak plasma isoprenaline levels were 0.16 ±0.02 nmol/l during the 5 ng min−1 kg−1 infusion and 0.71 ±0.05 nmol/l during the 15 ng min−1 kg−1 infusion. 4. Plasma insulin levels increased with isoprenaline but blood glucose concentrations were unchanged, consistent with a direct effect of isoprenaline on β2-adrenoceptors mediating insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. Blood glycerol concentration also increased with isoprenaline but blood lactate concentration was unaltered. 5. The present study demonstrates pronounced cardiovascular and metabolic effects of low dose isoprenaline infusions. Differences in the rate of resolution of the changes induced by isoprenaline and by adrenaline seen in previous studies may result from a significant difference in their metabolism.

scholarly journals Diferencias en el OBLA en jugadoras de fútbol en relación a su posición en el campo de juego (Differences in OBLA in football players based on their field position)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Jose E. Del Río Valdivia ◽  
Ciria Margarita Salazar ◽  
Julio Cuevas Romo ◽  
Adriana Isabel Andrade Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Julian Flores Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Field Position

La posición en el campo de juego en el fútbol, no obedece solo a un interés personal, sino que podría depender de variables fisiológicas individuales. El presente estudio determina el OBLA en las diferentes posiciones. La población del estudio fue integrada por 16 jugadoras universitarias de la modalidad soccer (4 por cada posición) evaluadas en una banda sin fin, con una prueba de velocidades crecientes. En cada velocidad utilizada se midió la concentración de lactato sanguíneo con un analizador portátil Accuntrend Lactate Plus. Para el análisis de los datos se propuso una fórmula matemática de interpolación entre las variables velocidad y concentración de lactato. Se encontró, una variación significativa del OBLA, en la muestra estudiada, dependiendo de la posición de juego (porteras, defensas, medio-campistas y delanteras). Utilizando la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, con un nivel de significancia (α) del 5 %, en búsqueda de la relación entre el OBLA y la posición de las jugadoras, se obtuvo un p-valor de 0.004, por lo que no es posible aceptar la igualdad entre las poblaciones, por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que existe una diferencia estadística significativa cuando se compara el comienzo de acumulación de lactato en sangre (OBLA) con la posición en la que juegan las futbolistas. Los resultados demuestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de jugadoras de acuerdo a la posición que desempeñan en el campo de juego y a la concentración de lactato en sangre.Abstract. Choosing a field position in football may not depend only on personal interest, but also on individual physiological variables. The aim of the study is to determine the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) in the different field positions of football. The study sample was composed by 16 female players (four per position) evaluated using an increased speed test carried out on treadmill. At each speed level, blood lactate concentrations were measured with the portable analyzer Accuntrend Lactate Plus. A mathematical formula interpolating speed and lactate concentration was proposed for the analysis of the data obtained. A significant variation of OBLA was found in the participants, associated with playing position (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and strikers). Setting the significance level (α) at 5%, a p-value of 0.004 was obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis test in order to study the relation between OBLA and players’ field position. This demonstrates that there is no equivalence among positions, at the same time as a statistically significant difference is shown when comparing OBLA with players’ field position. Results show that there are statistically significant differences between the groups of players based on their field position and on blood lactate concentration.

Effects of Adrenaline Infusion on the Interstitial Environment of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue as Studied by Microdialysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Samra ◽  
E. J. Simpson ◽  
M. L. Clark ◽  
C. D. Forster ◽  
S. M. Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Peak Value ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Adrenaline was infused at a rate of 25 ng min−1 kg−1 into seven healthy volunteers and its effects on adipose tissue were studied by microdialysis. 2. Adrenaline infusion led to a rapid rise in plasma adrenaline concentration from a basal value of 0.15 ± 0.03 nmol/l to a peak value of 1.82 ± 0.15 nmol/l within 30 min (analysis of variance: P < 0.001). Plasma noradrenaline levels increased from the basal value of 1.48 ± 0.21 nmol/l to 1.78 ± 0.20 nmol/l within 30 min of infusion (analysis of variance: P < 0.05). Once the infusion was stopped the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels returned to basal values within 15 min. 3. The arterialized blood glycerol concentration increased from the basal value of 47 ± 6μmol/l to 101 ± 8 μmol/l (analysis of variance: P < 0.001), and the interstitial glycerol concentration increased from 181 ± 17 μmol/l to 350 ± 47μmol/l (analysis of variance: P < 0.001) within 30 min of adrenaline infusion. Thereafter the concentrations declined gradually towards basal values. When the infusion was discontinued the levels declined further, below the basal value. 4. Adrenaline infusion caused a significant increase in the plasma glucose and blood lactate concentration (analysis of variance: P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), but no such effect was observed in the interstitial concentrations. 5. The basal dialysate concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were 43 ± 37 pmol/l and 1170 ± 430 pmol/l respectively. There were difficulties in estimating the absolute interstitial concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline which are discussed. The dialysate adrenaline concentration increased to a peak value of 112 ± 48 pmol/l (analysis of variance: P < 0.05) within 30 min. The dialysate noradrenaline concentration increased to a peak value of 2830 ± 1470 pmol/l, but the rise was not significant. 6. These results show that the interstitial concentrations of metabolites and hormones can be significantly different from those of blood and plasma and these differences reflect tissue specialization.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Intraocular Pressure in Horse

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Stefania Casella ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The present study was planned to investigate the effect of the intensity of exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia and blood lactate concentration in regularly trained Italian saddle jumper horses. On the first day five female horses performed 1 h of walking on an electronically controlled horse-walker at 100 m/min; on the second day 1 h session consisted of 5 min of walk, 30 min of trot, 20 min of gallop and one exercise of a 300 m long trail with eight jumps 90 cm high to be run in 1 min. The studied indicators were collected at rest, immediately after the exercise and 30 min after the exercise. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of different workloads on blood lactate concentration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No significant difference was found in IOP reduction when comparing aerobic and moderate anaerobic exercise. Our results confirm that the lack of a significant change in IOP in the athletic horse after mild exercise is in accordance with the human athlete. The cardiovascular and haematological changes induced by aerobic and moderate anaerobic exercise had no significant effect on IOP, either.

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

scholarly journals Physiological and Competitive Characteristics of Professional Female Futsal Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Tommy Apriantono ◽  
Samsul Bahri ◽  
Sri Ihsani Indah ◽  
Bagus Winata
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Team

The study purpose was to examine the anaerobic and aerobic performance and also determine the influence of the anaerobic performance on specific movements during a match-play.   Materials and methods. A total of 12 Indonesian professional female players from Bandung district female futsal club were recruited and enrolled to participate in this study. They were required to complete one familiarization and two experimental sessions. During the first session (laboratory test), all players performed a treadmill test to ascertain their maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) and a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) to measure their anaerobic performance. For the second session (on-court test), the participants played a simulated match on the court. A training team of 5 experts carried out an investigation regarding each player’s competitive performance per match. Furthermore, the blood lactate concentration and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were assessed in the pre- and post-test for both sessions, which were separated by a week to enable the players to recover. Results. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) (p = 0.425, p = 0.938, respectively) for anaerobic performance using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), although, the MP and FI of team C was lower compared to A and B. Furthermore, the total number of failed passes and shot off target of team C was larger compared to B and A (for failed passes = 30 vs 20 vs 25, for shot off target 14 vs 13 vs 8).  Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that there are strong associations between anaerobic capacity and explosive movements (shooting, tackling, heading and passing) among female futsal players.

Exercise in Merino sheep dash the relationships between work intensity, endurance, anaerobic threshold and glucose metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Pethick ◽  
CB Miller ◽  
NG Harman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The effect of exercise intensity on (i) the ability of sheep to sustain exercise and (ii) glucose metabolism was investigated in fed non-pregnant adult Merino ewes. Five animals were prepared with cannulae to study the splanchnic tissues using the arteriovenous difference technique either at rest or during 8 levels of exercise: 3, 5, 7 and 9 km h-1 at either 0� or 9� incline. The anaerobic threshold, determined by elevation of blood lactate concentration or lactate/pyruvate ratio, occurred at a work rate of about 6-10 watts/kg body wt (7 km h-1 on 0� incline, 3 km h-1 on 9� incline). Only exercise well in excess of the anaerobic threshold resulted in ewes showing fatigue. Fatigue was not associated with carbohydrate depletion or lacticacidosis. Changes in the partial pressure of CO2 and the pH of blood indicated a marked respiratory alkalosis that was related to the severity of exercise, suggesting that thermoregulation may have been an important component of fatigue. Splanchnic blood flow declined when the intensity of exercise exceeded the anaerobic threshold; however, this did not compromise splanchnic function as assessed by oxygen and metabolite uptake. During exercise below the anaerobic threshold euglycemia was maintained while a pronounced hyperglycemia, that became more severe as the work rate increased, was found for exercise above the anaerobic threshold. The release of glucose by the liver increased significantly at all work rates and markedly so after the anaerobic threshold, such that the resultant hyperglycemia was consistent with an exaggerated hepatic glucose release due to 'feed forward' control. The contribution of lactate and glycerol to gluconeogenesis, assuming complete conversion, remained constant at 18-25% except at the highest work load where the contribution significantly declined to 9%. The decline was due to (i) saturation of hepatic lactate uptake and (ii) a failure for glycerol concentration and so uptake to increase beyond a work rate of 22 W kg-1. The requirement for gluconeogenic end products of digestion for animals grazed under extensive conditions would be 9-30% greater than for animals not exercising, depending upon the speed and inclination of exercise.

The effect of Adrenaline upon Cardiovascular and Metabolic Functions in Man

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Fellows ◽  
T. Bennett ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Circulatory Effects ◽  
Solution Saline ◽  
And Control

1. On three separate occasions, at least 1 week apart, seven young healthy male subjects received intravenous infusions of either adrenaline, 50 ng min−1 kg−1 (high A), adrenaline, 10 ng min−1 kg−1 (low A) or sodium chloride solution (saline :154 mmol of NaCl/1) plus ascorbic acid, 1 mg/ml (control), over 30 min. 2. Venous adrenaline concentrations of 2.19 ± 0.15 nmol/l, 0.73 ± 0.08 nmol/l and 0.15 ± 0.03 nmol/l were achieved during the high A, low A and control infusions respectively. 3. Heart rate rose significantly by 19 ± 3 beats/min (high A) and by 6 ± 1 beats/min (low A). Heart rate remained significantly elevated 30 min after cessation of the high A infusion, despite venous plasma adrenaline concentration having fallen to control levels. 4. The diastolic blood pressure fell during the high A and low A infusions, but the systolic blood pressure rose only during the high A infusion. 5. Vasodilatation occurred in the calf vascular bed during both high A and low A infusions. The changes in hand blood flow and hand vascular resistance were not statistically significant, although there was a tendency to vasoconstriction during the infusion of adrenaline. 6. Metabolic rate rose significantly by 23.5 ± 1.8% (high A) and by 11.8 ± 1.6% (low A). Metabolic rate remained elevated between 15 and 30 min after termination of the high A infusion. There was an initial transient increase in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during the adrenaline infusions. During the later stages of the adrenaline infusions and after their cessation, RER fell, probably reflecting increased fat oxidation. 7. Blood glucose, glycerol and lactate concentrations all rose significantly during the high A infusion, but only the blood glycerol concentration rose during the low A infusion. Plasma potassium concentration fell during and after the high A infusion but only after cessation of the low A infusion. 8. When adrenaline was infused intravenously at rates that elevated the plasma adrenaline concentration within the physiological range, peripheral circulatory effects were observed similar to those previously described for larger doses of adrenaline. The persistent tachycardia noted after stopping the high A infusion may, at least in part, have been a consequence of the concomitantly elevated metabolic rate.

Predicting Lactate Threshold With Rate of Perceived Exertion in Young Competitive Male Swimmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110052
Author(s):  
Jhonny K. F. da Silva ◽  
Bruna B. Sotomaior ◽  
Carolina F. Carneiro ◽  
Patrick Rodrigues ◽  
Lee Wharton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximal Deviation ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the rate of perceived exertion threshold (RPET) for predicting young competitive swimmers’ lactate threshold (LT) during incremental testing. We enrolled 13 male athletes ( M age = 16, SD = 0.6 years) in an incremental test protocol consisting of eight repetitions of a 100-meter crawl with 2-minute intervals between each repetition. We collected data for blood lactate concentration ([La]) and Borg scale rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of each repetition. The results obtained were: M RPET = 4.98, SD = 1.12 arbitrary units (A.U.) and M lactate threshold = 4.24, SD = 1.12 mmol.L−1, with [La] and RPE identified by the maximal deviation (Dmax) method without a significant difference ( p > 0.05) and large correlations between DmaxLa and DmaxRPE at variables for time (r = 0.64), velocity (r = 0.67) and percentage of personal best time (PB) (r = 0.60). These results suggest that RPET is a good predictor of LT in young competitive swimmers.

Influence of acetaminophen on performance during time trial cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Mauger ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Condition B

To establish whether acetaminophen improves performance of self-paced exercise through the reduction of perceived pain, 13 trained male cyclists performed a self-paced 10-mile (16.1 km) cycle time trial (TT) following the ingestion of either acetaminophen (ACT) or a placebo (PLA), administered in randomized double-blind design. TT were completed in a significantly faster time ( t12 = 2.55, P < 0.05) under the ACT condition (26 min 15 s ± 1 min 36 s vs. 26 min 45 s ± 2 min 2 s). Power output (PO) was higher during the middle section of the TT in the ACT condition, resulting in a higher mean PO ( P < 0.05) (265 ± 12 vs. 255 ± 15 W). Blood lactate concentration (B[La]) and heart rate (HR) were higher in the ACT condition (B[La] = 6.1 ± 2.9 mmol/l; HR = 87 ± 7%max) than in the PLA condition (B[La] = 5.1 ± 2.6 mmol/l; HR = 84 ± 9%max) ( P < 0.05). No significant difference in rating of perceived exertion (ACT = 15.5 ± 0.2; PLA = 15.7 ± 0.2) or perceived pain (ACT = 5.6 ± 0.2; PLA = 5.5 ± 0.2) ( P > 0.05) was observed. Using acetaminophen, participants cycled at a higher mean PO, with an increased HR and B[La], but without changes in perceived pain or exertion. Consequently, completion time was significantly faster. These findings support the notion that exercise is regulated by pain perception, and increased pain tolerance can improve exercise capacity.

scholarly journals Lactate Clearance as a Predictive Marker of Mortality in Adult Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Shirish Raj Joshi ◽  
Renu Gurung ◽  
Subhash Prasad Acharya ◽  
Bashu Dev Parajuli ◽  
Navindra Raj Bista
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Lactate clearance has been widely investigated. Serial lactate concentrations can be used to examine disease severity and predict mortality in the intensive care unit. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of lactate concentration and lactate clearance in predicting mortality in critically ill patients during the first 24 hours in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Methods: It was a Prospective, observational study conducted in ICU. Sixty eight consecutive patients having blood lactate level >2 mmol/L were included irrespective of disease and postoperative status. We measured blood lactate concentration at ICU admission(H0), at six hours(H6), 12 hours(H12), and 24 hours(H24). Lactate clearance was measured for H0-H6, H0-H12 and H0-H24 time period.Results: ICU mortality was 33.8%. Lactate clearance was 15.80 ± 17.21% in survivors and 1.73±11% in non survivors for the H0-H6 (p = 0.001) and remained higher in survivors than in non survivors over the study period of 24 hours; 17.97±15 vs. -2.04±19.84% for H0-H12 and 27.40 ± 11.41% vs. -14.83 ± 26.84% for the H0-H24 period (p < 0.001 for each studied period). There was significant difference in lactate concentration (static) between survivors and non survivors during the course of initial 24 hours. The best predictor of ICU mortality was lactate clearance for the H0-H24 period (AUC =0.89; 95% CI 0.78-1.01). Logistic regression found that H0-H24 lactate clearance was independently correlated to a survival status (p = 0.005, OR = 0.922 and 95% CI 0.871-0.976).Conclusion: Blood lactate concentration and lactate clearance are both predictive for mortality during initial 24 hours of ICU admission.

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