Production of Methylguanidine in Dogs with Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Brooks ◽  
Gerald R. Rhodes ◽  
Paul Woodward ◽  
Venkata K. Boppana ◽  
Francine M. Mallon ◽  
...  

1. Methylguanidine is a suspected uraemic toxin that accumulates in renal failure 2. We measured methylguanidine in the plasma of dogs with acute ischaemic-induced renal failure and in the plasma and urine of dogs with spontaneous chronic renal insufficiency, using a highly sensitive method involving solid-phase extraction followed by h.p.l.c. with post-column fluorescence detection 3. Constriction of the remaining renal artery of four uninephrectomized dogs for 90 min resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) increase in plasma creatinine concentration after 24 h (from 113 ± 3 to 303 ± 50 μmol/l; mean ± sem). Over the next 14 days, plasma creatinine fell towards baseline concentrations. Plasma methylguanidine also increased significantly (P < 0.05) 24 h after renal occlusion (from 0.16 ± 0.04 to 0.86 ± 0.32 μmol/l) and showed a similar pattern to the plasma creatinine concentration 4. In a further four dogs, administration of mannitol (2 g/kg) at the time of reperfusion significantly attenuated these responses 5. Dogs with chronic renal failure demonstrated increased plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of methylguanidine, and the levels appeared to be related to the severity of renal insufficiency. Thus, the dogs with the highest plasma creatinine concentrations and lowest creatinine clearances had the highest plasma methylguanidine concentrations. The clearance of methylguanidine exceeded that of creatinine, indicating that the toxin undergoes renal tubular secretion.

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-583
Author(s):  
R. Shainkin-Kestenbaum ◽  
R. Lerman ◽  
A. Reuben ◽  
G. M. Berlyne

1. Plasma concentrations of human calcitonin were measured in groups of patients with chronic renal failure, treated either conservatively or by haemodialysis, and compared with a normal group of persons. 2. Plasma calcitonin was statistically significantly elevated in both groups with renal failure. 3. When the data from the three groups were pooled, plasma calcitonin was found to be inversely correlated with total calcium and directly correlated with plasma creatinine.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Natália Y Sitanaka ◽  
Lucas Antonio C Esteves ◽  
Alice Murakami ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
Angélica Khatlab ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine and SID methionine+cysteine (Met+Cys) levels on the performance, blood parameters and gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) in finishing gilts. Forty gilts, averaging 75.26 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight, were distributed in a randomized blocks design in a 2x2 factorial scheme, consisting of two creatine monohydrate (CMH) supplementation levels (0.00 and 0.10%) and two levels of SID Met+Cys (0.40 and 0.44%, considering 0.44% as the requirement), with 10 replicates. DL methionine was used to ensure the dietary SID Met+Cys levels. Upon reaching a mean weight of 100± 5.85, blood was collected for the determination of urea, creatinine, lactate, glucose and homocysteine plasma concentrations. Afterwards, the gilts were slaughtered for the collection of Longissimus dorsi muscle samples, for further determination of the gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8). No interactions (P &gt; 0.05) we observed between the CMH and SID Met+Cys on the performance and gene expression of the SLC6A8 transporter, and also were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the dietary levels of CMH or SID Met+Cys, individually. However, there was an interaction (P = 0.03) between SID Met+Cys and CMH levels on the plasma creatinine concentration, showing a lower (P = 0.018) concentration (6.40 mg/dL) supplementing 0.10% CMH than not supplementing (8.96 mg/dL), only at 0.44% of SID Met+Cys. There were no interactions (P &gt; 0.05) between SID Met+Cys and CMH on the other blood parameters, and also no individual effects were observed for the studied factors. It is concluded that supplementing 0.10% CMH reduced plasma creatinine concentration only at conventionally dietary SID Met+Cys level (0.44%), not affecting other blood parameters, growth performance and the gene expression of the creatine transporter SLC6A8 of finishing gilts.


1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
F. Marumo ◽  
T. Sakai ◽  
M. Shirataka

The concentration of cyclic AMP which is known as an intracellular mediator of hormone action increased in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In the present study, the plasma concentration of cyclic AMP significantly correlated not only with serum, creatinine, and urea levels, but also with plasma PTH and glucagon in patients with CRF. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of PTH and glucagon correlated with the serum creatinine concentration to a significant extent. To discuss the cause of the increased cyclic AMP concentration in plasma of patients with CRF, multivariate analyses were carried out on the obtained clinical data from patients and normal subjects. In the factor analysis on the clinical data from 61 subjects, cyclic AMP, creatinine and BUN correlated with the first factor and PTH correlated with the second factor. The cumulative contribution ratio by the second factor was 76%. The results of the cluster analysis indicated that cyclic AMP, creatinine, and BUN formed a cluster and PTH glucagon made another cluster. These results suggest that the elevated plasma concentration of cyclic AMP in patients with CRF was mainly introduced not by overproduction but by the retention of cyclic AMP due to the decreased renal function.


1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Hatch ◽  
N. D. Vaziri

1. The potential contribution of enteric pathways to the extra-renal excretion of uric acid in chronic renal failure was evaluated by measuring [14C]-urate and 36Cl− transport in isolated, short-circuited segments of jejunum, ileum and distal colon from normal rats and rats with chronic renal failure (five-sixths nephrectomized) 6 weeks after surgery. Plasma and urine creatinine and urate concentrations were also determined to establish urate status in chronic renal failure. 2. A 40% reduction in creatinine clearance was observed in the group with chronic renal failure, resulting in a two-fold increase in plasma creatinine concentration (0.064 ± 0.001 mmol/l, n = 9, to 0.120 ± 0.008 mmol/l, n = 14). In contrast, there was no change in plasma urate concentration, despite a 75% reduction in urate clearance. 3. The transport studies demonstrated alterations in intestinal urate transport in rats with chronic renal failure compared with normal rats. Net absorption of urate was observed in the distal colon of control rats, whereas a significant secretory flux was observed in rats with chronic renal failure (from 0.88 ± 0.16 to −1.62 ± 0.81 nmol h−1 cm−2, n = 12). Urate secretion was induced in the jejunum of the group with chronic renal failure (−0.15 ± 0.25 in control and −1.67 ± 0.35 nmol h−1 cm−2 in chronic renal failure, n = 11). Urate transport across the ileum was not altered in chronic renal failure and there was no net flux of urate in either the normal group or the group with chronic renal failure. Net Cl− absorption, which was observed in all segments of the control animals, was reversed to net secretion in chronic renal failure. 4. These studies indicate that urate homoeostasis is maintained in chronic renal failure and both the jejunum and colon may be actively involved in the extra-renal excretion of urate. These studies do not exclude the possibility that urate metabolic pathways are involved in urate homoeostasis in chronic renal failure.


1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Aline Dos Santos ◽  
Ana Caroline Balducci Scafi ◽  
Luciene Azevedo Morais ◽  
Pablo Girardelli Mendonça Mesquita

RESUMOIntrodução: A Granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma vasculite rara e idiopática associada à presença do anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilo (ANCA) que acomete, preferencialmente, os pequenos vasos. As manifestações clínicas são diversas, ocorrendo em mais de 90% dos casos, sintomas do trato respiratório. O comprometimento renal é tardio e preditor de mau prognóstico.  Sua morbidade a médio e longo prazo inclui insuficiência renal crônica. A probabilidade de sucesso de manutenção da função renal depende da concentração sérica de creatinina ao início do tratamento, o que indica a importância do diagnóstico e terapêutica adequada precoces. Casuística: Relata-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos, portadora de GW com comprometimento renal avançado à apresentação não precedido por sintomas pulmonares esperados. O tratamento imunossupressor associado a plasmaferese permitiu a melhora da função renal da paciente poupando-a de tornar-se dialítica- dependente. Discussão: A paciente iniciou a doença através de insuficiência renal assintomática, com valores de função renal compatíveis com o estágio mais avançado de doença renal crônica, ultrassonografia dos rins sem alterações compatíveis e sem os sintomas respiratórios esperados. Segundo a literatura, a combinação de imunossupressores e plasmaferese associa-se à recuperação renal em três meses com sobrevivência sem necessidade de diálise por 12 meses, no caso relatado, obteve-se tal resultado em 22 dias sem a necessidade de diálise após um ano. Conclusão: Devido ao diagnóstico precoce, o tratamento adequado foi instalado rapidamente proporcionando à paciente um aumento da expectativa e da qualidade de vida, evitando dependência de terapia renal substitutiva.Palavras-Chave: Granulomatose de Wegener, Plasmaferese, Doença renal crônica.  ABSTRACTIntroduction: The Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is a rare and idiopathic vasculitis associated with the presence of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA), that affects, preferentially, the small vessels. The clinical manifestations are diverse, occurring in over 90% of cases, symptoms in the respiratory tract. Kidney damage is a late and bad prognostic predictor. Morbidity in the medium and long term includes chronic renal failure. The probability of renal function maintenance success depends on serum creatinine concentration at the beginning of treatment that indicates the importance of early diagnosis and deployment of an appropriate therapy. Case Report: We present a case of a 61-year-old female patient, carrier of GW with advanced renal impairment presentation, not preceded by expected pulmonary symptoms. The immunosuppressive treatment associated with plasmapheresis allowed the improvement of the patient’s renal function, saving her from becoming dialysis-dependent Discussion: The patient developed the disease through asymptomatic renal failure, renal function with values that are compatible with the most advanced stage of chronic kidney disease, ultrasound of the kidneys without compatible changes and without the expected respiratory symptoms. According to the literature, the combination of immunosuppressive drugs and plasmapheresis is associated with renal recovery in three months with survival without dialysis for 12 months. In this case, a result was obtained in 22 days without the need for dialysis after one year. Conclusion: Due to the early diagnosis, appropriate treatment was quickly installed giving the patient increased life expectancy and quality, preventing dependence on renal replacement therapy.Keywords: Wegener’s granulomatosis, Plasmapheresis, Chronic renal failure.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Renata Izabel dos Santos ◽  
Otávia Regina Souza Costa

RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o nível de resiliência dos portadores de insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento de hemodiálise. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, quantitativo e de abordagem descritiva. A amostra foi constituída por 61 pacientes em tratamento dialítico. Para obtenção dos resultados, foi utilizada a escala de resiliência, desenvolvida por Wagnild e Young (1993) e adaptada por Pesce et al., (2005). Foi aplicado, também, um questionário para caracterização pessoal, familiar, social, econômica e de saúde do grupo. Resultados: Foi constatado que 61% dos pacientes apresentaram tendência à resiliência. O gênero masculino obteve maior pontuação, sugerindo maior tendência à resiliência, bem como os pacientes que são praticantes de uma religião.  Conclusão: Os resultados assinalam que os pacientes em tratamento dialítico no hospital apresentam capacidade à resiliência, o que sugere melhor adaptação ao tratamento.Palavras-chave: Avaliação, Resiliência psicológica, Insuficiência renal crônica.ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate de the level of resilience in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. Materials and Methods: Prospective, quantitative and descriptive study. The sample consisted of 61 patients on dialysis. To obtain the results we used Resilience Scale developed by Wagnild and Young (1993) and adapted by Pesce et al., (2005). A questionnaire to characterize personal, familiar, social, economic and health status was applied. Results: It was found that 61% of patients showed trend to resilience. Males had higher scores, suggesting more likelihood to resilience, as well as patients who were practitioners of a religion. Conclusion: The results indicate that the majority of patients on dialysis have capability of resilience, which suggests better adaptation to treatment.Keywords: Evaluation, Psychological resilience, Chronic renal insufficiency.


2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. F262-F272 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Vaziri

Chronic renal failure (CRF) results in profound lipid disorders, which stem largely from dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Specifically, maturation of HDL is impaired and its composition is altered in CRF. In addition, clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their atherogenic remnants is impaired, their composition is altered, and their plasma concentrations are elevated in CRF. Impaired maturation of HDL in CRF is primarily due to downregulation of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and, to a lesser extent, increased plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Triglyceride enrichment of HDL in CRF is primarily due to hepatic lipase deficiency and elevated CETP activity. The CRF-induced hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal composition, and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are primarily due to downregulation of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as, upregulation of hepatic acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). In addition, impaired HDL metabolism contributes to the disturbances of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. These abnormalities are compounded by downregulation of apolipoproteins apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoC-II in CRF. Together, these abnormalities may contribute to the risk of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and may adversely affect progression of renal disease and energy metabolism in CRF.


2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Ingemann Hansen ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Flemming Lund ◽  
Callum G. Fraser

Abstract Background Monthly medians of patient results are useful in assessment of analytical quality in medical laboratories. Separate medians by gender makes it possible to generate two independent estimates of contemporaneous errors. However, for plasma creatinine, reference intervals (RIs) are different by gender and also higher over 70 years of age. Methods Daily, weekly and monthly patient medians were calculated from the raw data of plasma creatinine concentrations for males between 18 and 70 years, males >70 years, females between 18 and 70 years and females >70 years. Results The medians of the four groups were all closely associated, with similar patterns. The mean of percentage bias from each group defined the best estimate of bias. The maximum half-range (%) of the bias evaluations provided an estimate of the uncertainty comparable to the analytical performance specifications: thus, bias estimates could be classified as optimum, desirable or minimum quality. Conclusions Medians by gender and age are useful in assessment of analytical stability for plasma creatinine concentration ranging from 60 to 90 μmol/L. The daily medians are valuable in rapid detection of large systematic errors, the weekly medians in detecting minor systematic errors and monthly medians in assessment of long-term analytical stability.


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