Studies of human zinc kinetics using the stable isotope 70Zn

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Lowe ◽  
A. Green ◽  
J. M. Rhodes ◽  
M. Lombard ◽  
R. Jalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fractional Turnover

1. The short-term (120 min) kinetics of Zn turnover has been studied in control subjects and patients with alcoholic liver disease after intravenous injection of 0.5 mg of 96.5% enriched 70ZnCl2. 2. The 70Zn enrichment of plasma was found closely to obey two-compartment kinetics and the derived two-component decay equation has been used to calculate the size and turnover of the initial two rapidly exchanging pools of body Zn. 3. In normal subjects isotopic Zn appears initially to equilibrate with the whole of the plasma Zn which comprises the first metabolic compartment, pool a. This has a size of 0.72 ± 0.1 μmol/kg. 70Zn equilibration then occurs with a second compartment, pool b, consistent with a rapidly exchanging liver Zn pool of size 3.60 ± 0.93 μmol/kg. The fractional turnover rate of pool b was found to be fivefold slower than that of pool a. 4. In the alcoholic group an expansion of pool a was observed (1.63 ± 0.39 μmol/kg), but the size of the second pool was not significantly different from that of control subjects (5.55 ± 1.0 μmol/kg), although its fractional turnover was significantly increased (Kab: control subjects, 0.018 ± 0.002 min−1, alcoholic patients, 0.031 ± 0.006 min−1). 5. These data therefore demonstrate that kinetic studies using stable isotopes of Zn can provide novel information on exchangeable Zn pools in man, but provide no support for the possibility of an underlying Zn depletion in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

scholarly journals Blood kinetics and in vivo chemotaxis of transfused neutrophils: effect of colllection method, donor corticosteroid treatment, and short-term storage

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-986
Author(s):  
TH Price ◽  
DC Dale
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Term Storage

To evaluate effect of collection technique and short-term storage on in vivo cell function, neutrophils were collected from 53 normal subjects by phlebotomy (PB), intermittent flow centrifugation (IFC), or filtration leukopheresis (FL), stored 0 or 1 day, labeled with 32P- diisopropylfluorophosphate, reinfused into the donor, and blood kinetics and/or skin chamber accumulation of labeled cells measured. The blood kinetics of unstored PB and IFC cells were similar; the kinetics of unstored FL cells were markedly abnormal. The percent of infused neutrophils localizing to the skin chamber was 0.1, 0.06, and 0.006 for unstored PB, IFC, and FL cells, respectively. One-day storage substantially decreased chamber accumulation of infused neutrophils. Donor steroid pretreatment had no effect on chamber results. Thus, in vivo chemotactic ability of IFC neutrophils is slightly impaired, whereas that of FL cells is severely impaired. One-day storage of either cell concentrate causes further cell damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Therapy with Propylthiouracil in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease

1979 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Orrego ◽  
H. Kalant ◽  
Y. Israel ◽  
J. Blake ◽  
A. Medline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Therapy

Effect of liver disorders on ethanol elimination and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in liver and erythrocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Zorzano ◽  
Luis Ruiz del Arbol ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aldh Activity ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Ethanol Elimination ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Adh Activity

1. Liver biopsies were performed in healthy control subjects and in subjects with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease in order to examine alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+); EC 1. 2. 1. 3] activities. Erythrocyte ALDH and ethanol metabolism were also investigated in the same subjects. 2. Fifteen per cent of the subjects studied (seven of 48 subjects tested) presented atypical ADH activity, characterized by elevated activity at pH 7.4 or 8.8 compared with that found in subjects with the usual ADH form. However, the ethanol elimination curves obtained in two subjects with atypical ADH were indistinguishable from the kinetics of the group with normal ADH. Subjects displaying atypical ADH activity showed normal liver and erythrocyte ALDH activities. 3. Considering only the subjects with the normal ADH form, hepatic ADH activity was unaltered in subjects with non-alcoholic liver disease (chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis) and in those with alcoholic steatosis. Subjects with alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis showed a lower ADH activity compared with the healthy control group. 4. In spite of the changes detected in subjects with alcoholic liver disease, curves of blood ethanol concentration after oral administration of 0.4 g of ethanol/kg were indistinguishable between the alcoholic hepatitis group and the control group. 5. Hepatic ALDH activity, assayed at 300 μmol/l acetaldehyde, was found to be diminished in all liver pathologies investigated, regardless of their aetiology. Nevertheless, erythrocyte ALDH activity was not modified in subjects with non-alcoholic or alcoholic liver disease. As a result of these findings, no relationship was found between hepatic and erythrocyte ALDH. 6. In summary, our data demonstrate that (a) marked modifications in ADH activity, as found in patients with atypical ADH or in subjects with alcoholic liver disease, are not accompanied by parallel alterations in the kinetics of ethanol disappearance, suggesting that ADH activity per se does not limit ethanol metabolism in vivo, (b) hepatic high-Km ALDH activity is decreased in patients with liver disease independent of alcoholism, and therefore decreased ALDH activity cannot be considered as a primary defect in alcoholism but as a consequence of liver damage, and (c) erythrocyte ALDH does not reflect hepatic high-Km ALDH.

scholarly journals A stable isotope study of zinc kinetics in Irish setters with gluten-sensitive enteropathy

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Lowe ◽  
E. J. Hall ◽  
R. S. Anderson ◽  
R. M. Batt ◽  
M. J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy ◽  
Isotope Study ◽  
Stable Isotope Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fractional Turnover

The short-term kinetics of Zn turnover were studied in Irish setters with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and control dogs following intravenous injection of 0·25 mg 96·5% enriched 70ZnCl2. The 70Zn enrichment of serum was found closely to obey two-compartment kinetics and the derived two-compartment decay equation was used to calculate the size and turnover of the two initial rapidly exchanging pools of body Zn. In normal Irish setters isotopic Zn initially equilibrates with a pool (a) of size 1·27 (SD 0·46) μmol/kg and then with a second pool (b) of size 6·83 (SD 1·72) μmol/kg. The fractional turnover of pool (b) was approximately one eighth that of pool (a). Enteropathic dogs showed no reduction in the size of either rapidly exchangeable Zn pool, reduction in serum Zn concentration or abnormality in Zn balance and hence these results do not support the possibility of an underlying Zn deficiency in this disorder.

scholarly journals Alcoholic Hepatitis and Liver Transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Gianni Testino ◽  
Silvia Leone
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Alcohol Relapse ◽  
Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Term Survival

Some authors affirm that early liver transplant (LT) provides excellent short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) (1–4) and similar rates of alcohol relapse compared to patients with 6 months of abstinence. We agree with the choice of not excluding patients who manifest their decompensation with bleeding and infections (common complications of SAH) and patients with psychiatric comorbidities. Data from the literature have stated for a long time that the approach to patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) should be changed with no ethical or technical preconceptions. The reasons in favor of this change are as follows:

Expression of Pro-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Factors at Early Stages of Alcoholic Liver Disease in Humans and the Impact of Short Term Abstinence

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. S239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stärkel ◽  
C. Desaeger ◽  
N. Lanthier ◽  
P. de Timary ◽  
I. Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Impact

Turnover of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with chronic renal failure and chronic alcoholic liver disease

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Iversen ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. Homogenates of liver and kidney tissues are efficient in degrading TRH, but the liver contains only membrane-bound pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase, active in degrading TRH at the extracellular side of cell membranes. In the present study the effect of liver and kidney failure on the degradation of infused TRH was investigated in man. In 7 uremic patients (group I) and 7 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease (group II) plasma clearance rate, half-time of disappearance (t½) and half time of disappearance of TRH in serum in vitro (t ½p) was determined. The plasma clearance rate, t½ and t½p were, respectively, 19.8±6.2 ml · kg−1 · min−1, 6.6±1.5 min and 16.4±6.2 min in group I versus 28.2±4.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1, 9.3±2.6 min and 25.3±15 min (mean ± sd) in group II. The volume of distribution of TRH was 19.3% of the body weight in group I and 36.5% in group II. The calculated half-time in the extravascular tissue compartment (t½t) was 5.4±1.4 min in group I and 9.2±2.7 min in group II patients (mean ± sd). TRH metabolism in the uremic patients was almost identical to that previously reported in normal subjects. In the patients with chronic liver disease plasma clearance rate was significantly greater than in normal subjects, indicating an increased TRH-degrading enzyme activity in the tissue compartment. However, owing to the very large expansion of this compartment, the t½ and t½t were significantly prolonged. Hence, half-time determination of TRH is no reliable indicator of overall TRH degradation in patients with liver disease.

scholarly journals A Study on the Serum γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase and Plasma Osteopontin in Alcoholic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Suri ◽  
Naveen Singh ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Cell Injury ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major source of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Heavy drinkers and alcoholics may progress from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. The enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein which catalyzes the transfer of the γ-glutamyl group from γ-glutamyl peptides to other peptides, amino acids, and water. Serum GGT activity mainly attributed to hepatobiliary system and thus is an important marker of ALD. Hence the present study is conducted to estimate and correlate the levels of GGT and osteopontin (OPN) in ALD. Aims and Objectives The objective of this study is to estimate and correlate the levels of GGT and OPN in ALD. Materials and Methods Sixty clinically diagnosed cases of ALD and sixty age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine transaminases (ALTs), serum ALP levels, and plasma OPN levels were measured. Estimation of serum aspartate transaminases (AST), ALTs, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was assayed by standard photometric methods in autoanalyzer ERBA-XL (EM-200) using commercially available kits. OPN was estimated by using commercial kit based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The parameters of the liver function tests such as AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly increased in patients with ALD (p < 0.001) when compared with the healthy control subjects. In the present study, significantly increased levels of γ-glutamyl transferases and OPN were found in patients with ALD (p < 0.001) when compared with the control subjects. OPN showed significant positive correlations with AST (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), ALT (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), ALP (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and GGT (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). Conclusion The present study focuses on the role of GGT and OPN that are sensitive indicators of liver cell injury and are most helpful in recognizing hepatocellular diseases such as ALD, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Hence, the pattern of the GGT and OPN levels elevation can be helpful diagnostically.

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