Synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin are both increased in patients with an acute inflammatory response

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Barle ◽  
Folke Hammarqvist ◽  
Bo Westman ◽  
Maria Klaude ◽  
Olav Rooyackers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Fractional Synthesis

The general perception that catabolism and inflammation are associated with a high synthesis rate of total liver protein and a low albumin synthesis rate has been challenged in recent years by several studies in man, indicating that the synthesis rate of albumin in response to a catabolic insult is increased rather than decreased. Thus changes in liver protein synthesis rates in conjunction with catabolism and acute inflammation in man need to be characterized better. The aim of the present study was to measure protein synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin during a state of acute inflammation. Patients (n=10) undergoing acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis were investigated. FSRs (fractional synthesis rates) of total liver protein (liver biopsy specimens) and albumin (plasma samples) were investigated as early as possible during the surgical procedure, using a flooding dose of L-[2H5]phenylalanine. The results were compared with a reference group of patients without cholecystitis undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n=17). FSR of total liver protein was 60% higher (P<0.001) and the FSR of albumin was 45% higher (P<0.01) in the cholecystitis patients compared with the control group. In conclusion, the synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin are both increased in patients with an acute general inflammatory reaction undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Depression of liver protein synthesis during surgery is prevented by growth hormone

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. E620-E627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Barle ◽  
Pia Essén ◽  
Björn Nyberg ◽  
Hans Olivecrona ◽  
Michael Tally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Fractional Synthesis

This study was undertaken to elucidate the specific effects of growth hormone (GH) on liver protein metabolism in humans during surgery. Otherwise healthy patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into controls ( n = 9) or pretreatment with 12 units of GH for 1 day (GH 1, n = 9) or daily for 5 days (GH 5, n = 10). The fractional synthesis rate of liver proteins, as assessed by flooding with [2H5]phenylalanine, was higher in the GH 5 group (22.0 ± 6.9%/day, mean ± SD, P < 0.05) than in the control (16.1 ± 3.1%/day) and GH 1 (16.5 ± 5.5%/day) groups. During surgery, the fraction of polyribosomes in the liver, as assessed by ribosome analysis, decreased in the control group by ∼12% ( P < 0.01) but did not decrease in the GH-treated groups. In addition, the concentrations of the essential amino acids and aspartate in the liver decreased in response to GH treatment. In conclusion, GH pretreatment decreases hepatic free amino acid concentrations and preserves liver protein synthesis during surgery.

Inhibition of liver protein synthesis during laparoscopic surgery

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. E591-E596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Barle ◽  
Björn Nyberg ◽  
Stig Ramel ◽  
Pia Essén ◽  
Margaret A. McNurlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Absolute Synthesis ◽  
Late Group

Previous studies have indicated that laparoscopic surgery is associated with a decline in liver protein synthesis. In this study, the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of total liver protein and albumin was measured in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at different times after commencing the procedure ( n = 8 + 8). Liver biopsy specimens were taken after 15 min of surgery in an “early” group and after 49 min of surgery in a “late” group. The liver FSR was higher in the early group (24.1 ± 4.7%/day) compared with the late group (19.0 ± 2.8%/day, P < 0.02). The fractional and absolute synthesis rates of albumin were similar in the two groups, 6.4 ± 1.5 vs. 6.5 ± 1.0%/day and 97 ± 19 vs. 96 ± 18 mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ day−1for the early and late groups, respectively. It is concluded that laparoscopic surgery was accompanied by a decrease in total liver protein synthesis rate, which developed rapidly during surgery. In contrast, no change in the synthesis rate of albumin was apparent during the course of surgery.

scholarly journals The effects of endotoxaemia on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver of fed and fasted rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Jepson ◽  
J M Pell ◽  
P C Bates ◽  
D J Millward
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Fractional Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Fasted Rats

The response of muscle and liver protein metabolism to either a single or three successive daily injections of an endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, serotype 0127 B8; 1 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/100 g body wt.) was studied in vivo in the fed rat, and at 24 and 30 h after endotoxin treatment during fasting. In the fed rats there was a catabolic response in muscle, owing to a 60-100% increase in muscle protein degradation rate, and a 52% fall in the synthesis rate. Although there was a 20% decrease in food intake, the decrease in protein synthesis was to some extent independent of this, since rats treated with endotoxin and fasted also showed a lower rate of muscle protein synthesis, which was in excess of the decrease caused by fasting alone. The mechanism of this decreased protein synthesis involved decreased translational activity, since in both fed and fasted rats there was a decreased rate of synthesis per unit of RNA. This occurred despite the fact that insulin concentrations were either maintained or increased, in the fasted rats, to those observed in fed rats. In the liver total protein mass was increased in the fed rats by 16% at 24 h, and the fractional synthesis rate at that time was increased by 35%. In rats fasted after endotoxin treatment the liver protein mass was not decreased as it was in the control fasted rats, and the fractional synthesis rate was increased by 22%. In both cases the increased synthesis rate reflected an elevated hepatic RNA concentration. The extent of this increase in hepatic protein synthesis was sufficient at one point to compensate for the fall in estimated muscle protein synthesis, so that the sum total in the two tissues was maintained.

Acute Stimulation of Albumin Synthesis Rate with Oral Meal Feeding in Healthy Subjects Measured with [Ring-2H5]Phenylalanine

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Hunter ◽  
P. E. Ballmer ◽  
S. E. Anderson ◽  
J. Broom ◽  
P. J. Garlick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The short-term effect of oral feeding on albumin synthesis rate was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers using two meal regimens. Albumin synthesis was measured over 90 min after injection of a ‘flooding’ amount (43 mg/kg body weight) of phenylalanine enriched to 7.5, 10 or 15 atoms% with the stable isotope [ring-2H5]phenylalanine. 2. In one set of subjects, consumption of five small hourly meals resulted in a consistent and significant increase (P < 0.05) in albumin fractional synthesis rate from a mean (± SEM) fasting value of 5.8 (± 0.4)%/day to 7.1 (± 0.4)%/day in the fed state. 3. A second study in which albumin synthesis was measured 30 min after consumption of a single larger meal was carried out in another set of volunteers. The fractional rate of albumin synthesis was again significantly elevated after feeding (P < 0.05), rising from 7.1 (± 0.4)%/day in the fasted state to 9.1 (± 0.6)%/day in the fed state. In both studies, similar responses were observed in the absolute rate of albumin synthesis (mg day−1 kg−1). 4. Albumin secretion time was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) after feeding in both studies, suggesting that the acute stimulation in albumin synthesis observed after feeding may in part be mediated via a post-transcriptional mechanism. 5. The response of total liver protein synthesis to oral feeding was investigated in an animal model employing adult rats studied with a flooding amount of [2,6-3H]phenylalanine. 6. The results indicated a stimulation of 20% with no difference in the proportion of albumin synthesis relative to total liver synthesis, determined from the immunoprecipitation of albumin from the liver.

scholarly journals Synthesis rate of plasma albumin is a good indicator of liver albumin synthesis in sepsis

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. E244-E251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Ruot ◽  
Denis Breuillé ◽  
Fabienne Rambourdin ◽  
Gerard Bayle ◽  
Pierre Capitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration

Plasma albumin is well known to decrease in response to inflammation. The rate of albumin synthesis from both liver and plasma was measured in vivo by use of a large dose ofl-[2H3-14C]valine in rats injected intravenously with live Escherichia coli and in pair-fed control rats during the acute-phase period (2 days postinfection). The plasma albumin concentration was reduced by 50% in infected rats compared with pair-fed animals. Infection induced a fall in both liver albumin mRNA levels and albumin synthesis relative to total liver protein synthesis. However, absolute liver albumin synthesis rate (ASR) was not affected by infection. In plasma, albumin fractional synthesis rate was increased by 50% in infected animals compared with pair-fed animals. The albumin ASR estimated in the plasma was similar in the two groups. These results suggest that hypoalbuminemia is not due to reduced albumin synthesis during sepsis. Moreover, liver and plasma albumin ASR were similar. Therefore, albumin synthesis measured in the plasma is a good indicator of liver albumin synthesis.

Albumin synthesis in humans increases immediately following the administration of endotoxin

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans BARLE ◽  
Anna JANUSZKIEWICZ ◽  
Lars HÅLLSTRÖM ◽  
Pia ESSÉN ◽  
Margaret A. MCNURLAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Fractional Synthesis Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Absolute Synthesis

In order to investigate the immediate (i.e. within 3h) response of albumin synthesis to the administration of endotoxin, as a model of a moderate and well controlled catabolic insult, two measurements employing L-[2H5]phenylalanine were performed in 16 volunteers. One group (n = 8) received an intravenous injection of endotoxin (4ng/kg; lot EC-6) immediately after the first measurement of albumin synthesis, whereas the other group received saline. A second measurement was initiated 1h later. In the endotoxin group, the fractional synthesis rate of albumin was 6.9±0.6%/day (mean±S.D.) in the first measurement. In the second measurement, a significant increase was observed (9.6±1.2%/day; P<0.001). The corresponding values in the control group were were 6.6±0.6%/day and 7.0±0.6%/day respectively (not significant compared with first measurement and P<0.001 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). The absolute synthesis rates of albumin were 148±35 and 201±49mg·kg-1·day-1 before and after endotoxin (P<0.01). In the control group, the corresponding values were 131±21 and 132±20mg·kg-1·day-1 (not significant compared with the first measurement and P<0.01 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). In conclusion, these results indicate that albumin synthesis increases in the very early phase after a catabolic insult, as represented by the administration of endotoxin.

Regulation of hepatic protein synthesis in chronic inflammation and sepsis

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. C445-C452 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Vary ◽  
S. R. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Translational Efficiency ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
Hepatic Protein Synthesis

The regulation of protein synthesis was determined in livers from control, sterile inflammatory, and septic animals. Total liver protein was increased in both sterile inflammation and sepsis. The rate of protein synthesis in vivo was measured by the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into liver proteins in a chronic (5 day) intra-abdominal abscess model. Both sterile inflammation and sepsis increased total hepatic protein synthesis approximately twofold. Perfused liver studies demonstrated that the increased protein synthesis rate in vivo resulted from a stimulation in the synthesis of both secreted and nonsecreted proteins. The total hepatic RNA content was increased 40% only in sterile inflammation, whereas the translational efficiency was increased twofold only in sepsis. The increase in translational efficiency was accompanied by decreases in the amount of free 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits in sepsis. Rates of peptide-chain elongation in vivo were increased 40% in both sterile inflammation and sepsis. These results demonstrate that sepsis induces changes in the regulation of hepatic protein synthesis that are independent of the general inflammatory response. In sterile inflammation, the increase in protein synthesis occurs by a combination of increased capacity and translational efficiency, while in sepsis, the mechanism responsible for accelerated protein synthesis is an increased translational efficiency.

scholarly journals Contribution of whole-body protein synthesis to basal metabolism in layer and broiler chickens

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Muramatsu ◽  
Y. Aoyagi ◽  
J. Okumura ◽  
I. Tasaki
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fractional Synthesis Rate ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

1. The effect of starvation on whole-body protein synthesis and on the contribution of protein synthesis to basal metabolic rate was investigated in young chickens (Expt 1). Strain differences between layer and broiler chickens in whole-body protein synthesis and degradation rates were examined when the birds were starved (Expt 2).2. In Expt 1, 15-d-old White Leghorn male chickens were used, while in Expt 2 Hubbard (broiler) and White Leghorn (layer) male chickens at 14 d of age were used. They were starved for 4 d, and heat production was determined by carcass analysis after 2 and 4 d of starvation. Whole-body protein synthesis rates were measured on 0, 2 and 4 d of starvation (Expt 1), and on 0 and 4 d of starvation (Expt 2).3. The results showed that starving reduced whole-body protein synthesis in terms of fractional synthesis rate and the amount synthesized. Whole-body protein degradation was increased by starvation both in terms of fractional synthesis rate and the amount degraded on a per kg body-weight basis.4. Reduced fractional synthesis rate of protein in the whole body was accounted for by reductions in both protein synthesis per unit RNA and RNA:protein ratio.5. In the fed state, whole-body protein synthesis and degradation rates, whether expressed as fractional rates or amounts per unit body-weight, tended to be higher in layer than in broiler chickens. In the starved state, the difference in the rate of protein synthesis between the two strains virtually disappeared, while the degradation rates were higher in layer than in broiler birds.6. Based on the assumed value of 3.56 kJ/g protein synthesized (Waterlow et al. 1978), the heat associated with whole-body protein synthesis in the starved state was calculated to range from 14 to 17% of the basal metabolic rate with no strain difference between layer and broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effects of enteral glutamine on gut mucosal protein synthesis in healthy humans receiving glucocorticoids

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. G677-G681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Bouteloup-Demange ◽  
Sophie Claeyssens ◽  
Celine Maillot ◽  
Alain Lavoinne ◽  
Eric Lerebours ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Mucosal Protein ◽  
And Control

In hypercatabolic patients, the beneficial effects of glutamine on gut mucosa could be partly due to a stimulation of protein synthesis. The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of gut mucosal protein was measured in four groups of healthy volunteers treated with glucocorticoids for 2 days. Two groups were studied in the postabsorptive state while receiving glutamine or a nitrogen equivalent (control) and two groups in the fed state with or without glutamine, using a 5-h intravenous infusion of [13C]leucine, [2H5]phenylalanine, and cortisone. After nutrient and tracer infusion, duodenal biopsies were taken. In the postabsorptive state, FSR of gut mucosal protein were 87 and 76%/day in the control group and 130% ( P = 0.058 vs. control) and 104% ( P = 0.17 vs. control)/day in the glutamine group, with leucine and phenylalanine as tracers, respectively. During feeding, FSR did not increase and no significant difference was observed between glutamine and control groups. Overall, FSR of the four groups were two- to threefold higher than those obtained previously in healthy humans, suggesting that glucocorticoids may increase gut mucosal protein synthesis. However, in this situation, a moderate enteral glutamine supply failed to demonstrate a significant effect on gut mucosal protein synthesis in the postabsorptive state and during feeding.

Measurement of plasma protein synthesis rate in infant pig: an investigation of alternative tracer approaches

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. R221-R227 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jahoor ◽  
D. G. Burrin ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
M. Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Isotopic Equilibrium ◽  
Fractional Synthesis

To devise a new method to measure plasma protein synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that, when [U-13C]glucose is used to produce [U-13C]alanine, plasma pyruvate and alanine will be in isotopic equilibrium with the alanine used to synthesize plasma proteins. The incorporation of labeled leucine, lysine, and alanine into very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100, albumin, and fibrinogen was measured in seven infant pigs by infusing [U-13C]glucose, [2H3]leucine, and [2H4]lysine. The plateau enrichments of plasma alanine (2.29 +/- 0.29), pyruvate (2.5 +/- 0.33), and apoB-alanine (2.33 +/- 0.25) were not different. The fractional synthesis rates of fibrinogen and albumin calculated using the isotopic enrichments of apoB-bound lysine, leucine, and alanine as the precursor were similar to those based on plasma alanine. These results suggest that the intrahepatic precursor alanine pool and plasma alanine were in isotopic equilibrium. Thus plasma protein synthesis can be measured by infusing [U-13C]glucose and using plasma alanine as precursor.

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