Fish oil fatty acids improve postprandial vascular reactivity in healthy men

2008 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Armah ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Izzy Doman ◽  
Lewis James ◽  
Farah Cheghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
The Impact

Chronic fish oil intervention had been shown to have a positive impact on endothelial function. Although high-fat meals have often been associated with a loss of postprandial vascular reactivity, studies examining the effects of fish oil fatty acids on vascular function in the postprandial phase are limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the addition of fish oil fatty acids to a standard test meal on postprandial vascular reactivity. A total of 25 men received in a random order either a placebo oil meal (40 g of mixed fat; fatty acid profile representative of the U.K. diet) or a fish oil meal (31 g of mixed fat and 9 g of fish oil) on two occasions. Vascular reactivity was measured at baseline (0 h) and 4 h after the meal by laser Doppler iontophoresis, and blood samples were taken for the measurement of plasma lipids, total nitrite, glucose and insulin. eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) and NADPH oxidase gene expression were determined in endothelial cells after incubation with TRLs (triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins) isolated from the plasma samples taken at 4 h. Compared with baseline, sodium nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent vasodilator)-induced reactivity (P=0.024) and plasma nitrite levels (P=0.001) were increased after the fish oil meal. In endothelial cells, postprandial TRLs isolated after the fish oil meal increased eNOS and decreased NADPH oxidase gene expression compared with TRLs isolated following the placebo oil meal (P≤0.03). In conclusion, meal fatty acids appear to be an important determinant of vascular reactivity, with fish oils significantly improving postprandial endothelium-independent vasodilation.

scholarly journals Flavanone metabolites decrease monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated endothelial cells by modulating expression of atherosclerosis-related genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chanet ◽  
Dragan Milenkovic ◽  
Sylvain Claude ◽  
Jeanette A. M. Maier ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Monocyte Adhesion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

Flavanones are found specifically and abundantly in citrus fruits. Their beneficial effect on vascular function is well documented. However, little is known about their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action in vascular cells. The goal of the present study was to identify the impact of flavanone metabolites on endothelial cells and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. We investigated the impact of naringenin and hesperetin metabolites at 0·5, 2 and 10 μm on monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and on gene expression. Except hesperetin-7-glucuronide and naringenin-7-glucuronide (N7G), when present at 2 μm, flavanone metabolites (hesperetin-3′-sulphate, hesperetin-3′-glucuronide and naringenin-4′-glucuronide (N4′G)) significantly attenuated monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated HUVEC. Exposure of both monocytes and HUVEC to N4′G and N7G at 2 μm resulted in a higher inhibitory effect on monocyte adhesion. Gene expression analysis, using TaqMan Low-Density Array, revealed that flavanone metabolites modulated the expression of genes involved in atherogenesis, such as those involved in inflammation, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organisation. In conclusion, physiologically relevant concentrations of flavanone metabolites reduce monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells by affecting the expression of related genes. This provides a potential explanation for the vasculoprotective effects of flavanones.

scholarly journals The impact of fish‐oil fatty acids on postprandial vascular reactivity (959.22)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean McManus ◽  
David Vauzour ◽  
Aedin Cassidy ◽  
Anne Marie Minihane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of age on the postprandial vascular response to a fish oil-enriched meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Christopher K. Armah ◽  
Izzy Doman ◽  
Lewis James ◽  
Farah Cheghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Postprandial Phase ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Older Males

Although chronic fish oil intervention had been shown to have a positive impact on vascular reactivity, very little is known about their acute effects during the postprandial phase. Our aim was to examine the impact of a fish oil-enriched test meal on postprandial vascular reactivity in healthy younger ( < 50 years) v. older ( ≥ 50 years) men. Vascular reactivity was measured at baseline (0 h), 2 and 4 h after the meal by laser Doppler iontophoresis and blood samples taken at 0 and 4 h for the measurement of plasma lipids, total nitrite, glucose and insulin. Acetylcholine- (ACh, endothelial-dependent vasodilator) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, endothelial-independent vasodilator)-induced reactivities were greater at 4 h than at baseline or 2 h in the younger men (P < 0·04). These changes were not observed in the older men. Comparison of the male groups revealed significantly greater responses to ACh (P = 0·006) and SNP (P = 0·05) at 4 h in the younger compared with the older males. Postprandial NEFA concentrations were also greater at 4 h in the younger compared with the older men (P = 0·005), with no differences observed for any of the other analytes. Multiple regression analysis revealed age to be the most significant predictor of both ACh and SNP induced reactivity 4 h after the meal. In conclusion, the ingestion of a meal enriched in fish oil fatty acids was shown to improve postprandial vascular reactivity at 4 h in our younger men, with little benefit evident in our older men.

scholarly journals Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Elena Vega-Martín ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Raquel González-Blázquez ◽  
Sara Benedito ◽  
Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

Abstract 353: Mechanical (or “Gravitational”) Unloading Reduces Inflammatory and Cell Adhesion Molecule Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Marlene Grenon ◽  
Jesus Aguado-Zuniga ◽  
Michael Conte ◽  
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Gravitational Unloading ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adhesion Molecule Gene ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Mechanical forces including gravity affect mechanotransduction and subsequent cell function. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of mechanical unloading (MU) and loading (ML) of endothelial cells (ECs) with microgravity and hypergravity respectively, with the hypothesis that MU alters expression of inflammatory and adhesion molecule gene expression and these changes are reversed by ML. Methods: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) grown to confluency were studied. A desktop random positioning machine and a gravitational cell-loading apparatus provided MU and ML conditions, respectively. The experimental conditions included: 1) controls exposed to 1-gravity environment for 24 h (CL), 2) MU for 24 hours, 3) MU for 24 hours with three 30-minutes periods of ML of 12-gravity (MU/ML). Gene expression was studied with reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). Results: MU led to a significant decrease in gene expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, as well as TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF. In contrast, NOS-3, Caveolin-1 and -2 were significantly increased with MU. The changes observed in gene expression with MU were reversed by gravitational mechanical loading (MU/ML). Conclusions: Gravitational MU decreases inflammatory and adhesion molecule gene expression and these changes are reversed by short periods of ML. This points towards the importance of gravitational loading in ECs function and cellular interactions.

Abstract 19144: Fish Oil and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: a Novel Strategy to Manage Obesity-linked Dyslipidemia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanathan Saraswathi ◽  
Curtis Perriotte-Olson ◽  
Robert D Heineman ◽  
Cyrus V Desouza
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
High Doses

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a prevalent condition in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) is a widely used hypolipidemic agent, it is often required at high doses. At high doses, these fatty acids can induce oxidative stress or endothelial activation and therefore, strategies to improve their beneficial effects are needed. We previously reported that fish oil in combination with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors exerts enhanced hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects in low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out mice. Here, we sought to determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids in combination with naproxen (NX), a COX inhibitor, on dyslipidemia and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) in humans. Methods: Obese dyslipidemic patients were randomly assigned to receive one of these interventions (n=8/group) for 12 wk: 1) Standard nutrition counseling (control), 2) ω-3 (2 g twice daily), 3) NX (220 mg twice daily), and 4) ω-3 (2 g twice daily) + NX (220 mg twice daily). Results: The body mass index, HOMA-IR, and plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels were not altered significantly in any of the groups. The percent change in plasma triglycerides (TG) from baseline was 75% ( P <0.1) and 68% ( P <0.05) in ω-3 and ω3 + NX-treated subjects, respectively. Notably, 25% of subjects who received ω-3s alone did not show a reduction in TG whereas all the patients that received ω-3 + NX showed a reduction in TG. Realtime PCR analysis of scAT showed that the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), a marker of glucose uptake and a key regulator of glucose homeostasis was significantly reduced in ω-3 compared to control group ( P <0.01). However, combining NX with ω-3 abolished this effect. Moreover, the expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1, markers of inflammatory response or endothelial activation, was significantly increased in ω-3 but not in ω-3 + NX group. The plasma levels of MCP-1 and E-selectin did not vary significantly in any of the groups. Conclusions: Our data reveal previously unrecognized effects of fish oil in scAT. Our data suggest that combining NX with ω-3 fatty acids will increase their effectiveness in reducing plasma TG and improve the benefits of ω-3 supplements by favorably altering gene expression in scAT.

scholarly journals An Integrated Analysis of miRNA and Gene Expression Changes in Response to an Obesogenic Diet to Explore the Impact of Transgenerational Supplementation with Omega 3 Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3864
Author(s):  
Karla Fabiola Corral-Jara ◽  
Laura Cantini ◽  
Nathalie Poupin ◽  
Tao Ye ◽  
Jean Paul Rigaudière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Biological Insight ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
The Impact

Insulin resistance decreases the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, a key step in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic alterations, fat accumulation, and fibrosis in the liver are closely related and contribute to the progression of comorbidities, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cancer. Omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were identified as potent positive regulators of insulin sensitivity in vitro and in animal models. In the current study, we explored the effects of a transgenerational supplementation with EPA in mice exposed to an obesogenic diet on the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gene expression in the liver using high-throughput techniques. We implemented a comprehensive molecular systems biology approach, combining statistical tools, such as MicroRNA Master Regulator Analysis pipeline and Boolean modeling to integrate these biochemical processes. We demonstrated that EPA mediated molecular adaptations, leading to the inhibition of miR-34a-5p, a negative regulator of Irs2 as a master regulatory event leading to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by insulin during the fasting–feeding transition. Omics data integration provided greater biological insight and a better understanding of the relationships between biological variables. Such an approach may be useful for deriving innovative data-driven hypotheses and for the discovery of molecular–biochemical mechanistic links.

scholarly journals Short-Term Fish Oil Treatment Changes the Composition of Phospholipids While Not Affecting the Expression of Mfsd2a Omega-3 Transporter in the Brain and Liver of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desanka Milanovic ◽  
Snjezana Petrovic ◽  
Marjana Brkic ◽  
Vladimir Avramovic ◽  
Milka Perovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
5Xfad Mice ◽  
The Impact

Long-term fish oil (FO) supplementation is able to improve Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We aimed to determine the impact of short-term fish oil (FO) intake on phospholipids composition and plaque pathology in 5xFAD mice, a widely used animal model of AD. A 3-week-long FO supplementation administered at 3 months of age decreased the number of dense core plaques in the 5xFAD cortex and changed phospholipids in the livers and brains of wild-type (Wt) and 5xFAD mice. Livers of both genotypes responded by increase of n-3 and reciprocal decrease of n-6 fatty acids. In Wt brains, FO supplementation induced elevation of n-3 fatty acids and subsequent enhancement of n-6/n-3 ratio. However, in 5xFAD brains the improved n-6/n-3 ratio was mainly due to FO-induced decrease in arachidonic and adrenic n-6 fatty acids. Also, brain and liver abundance of n-3 fatty acids were strongly correlated in Wts, oppositely to 5xFADs where significant brain-liver correlation exists only for n-6 fatty acids. Expression of omega-3 transporter Mfs2a remained unchanged after FO supplementation. We have demonstrated that even a short-term FO intake improves the phospholipid composition and has a significant effect on plaque burden in 5xFAD brains when applied in early stages of AD pathology.

scholarly journals Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in membranes are determined by the gene expression of their metabolizing enzymes SCD1 and ELOVL6 regulated by the intake of dietary fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 2759-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Weiss-Hersh ◽  
Ada L. Garcia ◽  
Tamás Marosvölgyi ◽  
Mónika Szklenár ◽  
Tamás Decsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids

Abstract Purpose We investigated the effect of dietary fats on the incorporation of saturated (SAFAs) and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (MUFAs) into plasma phospholipids and the regulation of the expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Methods Mice were fed different diets containing commonly used dietary fats/oils (coconut fat, margarine, fish oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil) for 4 weeks (n = 6 per diet group). In a second experiment, mice (n = 6 per group) were treated for 7 days with synthetic ligands to activate specific nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and the hepatic gene expression of CYP26A1 was investigated. Hepatic gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and CYP26A1 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fatty acid composition in mouse plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Results We found significantly reduced hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. This resulted in reduced enzyme-specific fatty acid ratios, e.g., 18:1n9/18:0 for SCD1 and 18:0/16:0 and 18:1n7/16:1n7 for ELOVL6 in plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, CYP26A1 a retinoic acid receptor-specific target was revealed as a new player mediating the suppressive effect of fish oil-supplemented diet on SCD1 and ELOVL6 hepatic gene expression. Conclusion Plasma levels of MUFAs and SAFAs strongly reflect an altered hepatic fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expression after supplementation with different dietary fats/oils.

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