Engineering blood vessels and vascularized tissues: technology trends and potential clinical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prafulla Chandra ◽  
Anthony Atala
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Technology Trends

Abstract Vascular tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, including providing in vitro generated vascularized tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Since the first report on the construction of a biological blood vessel, significant research and technological advances have led to the generation of clinically relevant large and small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface is still a major challenge. Researchers are using biomimicry to generate functional vascular grafts and vascular networks. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used that includes biomaterials, cells, pro-angiogenic factors and microfabrication technologies. Techniques to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization include use of topographical engineering and controlled-release of growth/pro-angiogenic factors. Use of decellularized natural scaffolds has gained popularity for engineering complex vascularized organs for potential clinical use. Pre-vascularization of constructs prior to implantation has also been shown to enhance its anastomosis after implantation. Host-implant anastomosis is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood. However, it will be a critical factor in determining the in vivo success of a TEVGs or bioengineered organ. Many clinical studies have been conducted using TEVGs, but vascularized tissue/organ constructs are still in the research & development stage. In addition to technical challenges, there are commercialization and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. In this review we examine recent advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, with a focus on technology trends, challenges and potential clinical applications.

Surface Modification by Nanobiomaterials for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1634-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Shan Hung ◽  
Shan-hui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Vascular Biomaterials

Treatment of cardiovascular disease has achieved great success using artificial implants, particularly synthetic-polymer made grafts. However, thrombus formation and restenosis are the current clinical problems need to be conquered. New biomaterials, modifying the surface of synthetic vascular grafts, have been created to improve long-term patency for the better hemocompatibility. The vascular biomaterials can be fabricated from synthetic or natural polymers for vascular tissue engineering. Stem cells can be seeded by different techniques into tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vitro and implanted in vivo to repair the vascular tissues. To overcome the thrombogenesis and promote the endothelialization effect, vascular biomaterials employing nanotopography are more bio-mimic to the native tissue made and have been engineered by various approaches such as prepared as a simple surface coating on the vascular biomaterials. It has now become an important and interesting field to find novel approaches to better endothelization of vascular biomaterials. In this article, we focus to review the techniques with better potential improving endothelization and summarize for vascular biomaterial application. This review article will enable the development of biomaterials with a high degree of originality, innovative research on novel techniques for surface fabrication for vascular biomaterials application.

scholarly journals Vascular Tissue Engineering: Polymers and Methodologies for Small Caliber Vascular Grafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna B. J. Leal ◽  
Naohiro Wakabayashi ◽  
Kyohei Oyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Kamiya ◽  
Daikelly I. Braghirolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineering Polymers ◽  
Autologous Grafts

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. In severe cases, replacement or revascularization using vascular grafts are the treatment options. While several synthetic vascular grafts are clinically used with common approval for medium to large-caliber vessels, autologous vascular grafts are the only options clinically approved for small-caliber revascularizations. Autologous grafts have, however, some limitations in quantity and quality, and cause an invasiveness to patients when harvested. Therefore, the development of small-caliber synthetic vascular grafts (<5 mm) has been urged. Since small-caliber synthetic grafts made from the same materials as middle and large-caliber grafts have poor patency rates due to thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia within the graft, newly innovative methodologies with vascular tissue engineering such as electrospinning, decellularization, lyophilization, and 3D printing, and novel polymers have been developed. This review article represents topics on the methodologies used in the development of scaffold-based vascular grafts and the polymers used in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Bioresorbable silk grafts for small diameter vascular tissue engineering applications: In vitro and in vivo functional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 146-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerak Gupta ◽  
Katherine L. Lorentz ◽  
Darren G. Haskett ◽  
Eoghan M. Cunnane ◽  
Aneesh K. Ramaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineering Applications

Multilayer Hybrid Construct for Vascular Tissue Engineering

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Madhavan ◽  
Walter Bonani ◽  
Wei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function

Vascular grafts are often used as blood vessel substitutes. Until now, synthetic materials have not matched the efficacy of native tissues, particularly in the applications of small-diameter vascular grafts (<6mm) such as bypass grafts for arthrosclerosis and vascular access graft for hemodialysis. There is a considerable need for alternatives to the autologous veins or arteries. Many patients do not have an autologous vessel suitable for use due to preexisting pathological conditions or previous surgical harvest. Recent developments in vascular tissue engineering demonstrate the possibility of a biodegradable graft material containing living cells to mimic the structure and function of native vessels. However, fabrication of biomimetic grafts is often time and labor intensive, and subsequently requires complicated storage. This demands technology advancements in producing vessel mimetic grafts, considering their availability in addition to efficacy. To this end, new approaches to constructing small-diameter grafts that are of immediate availability and capable of regenerating biomimetic blood vessels in vivo may address the unmet demand in this area. We have designed a novel multilayer vascular construct which is made up of a nanofibrous “intima-equivalent” with thrombus-resistant vessel lumen and a porous biopolymer matrix as “media-equivalent” to allow smooth muscle cells (SMC) from native artery to grow and remodel the tissue. In this study, various layering strategies have been explored. To evaluate the resultant multilayer construct, structural, biochemical and biomechanical characterizations, as well as cell assays and short-term animal studie have been performed.

Scaffolds in tissue engineering of blood vessels

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Pankajakshan ◽  
Devendra K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Hemodynamic Forces ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds

Tissue engineering of small diameter (<5 mm) blood vessels is a promising approach for developing viable alternatives to autologous vascular grafts. It involves in vitro seeding of cells onto a scaffold on which the cells attach, proliferate, and differentiate while secreting the components of extracellular matrix that are required for creating the tissue. The scaffold should provide the initial requisite mechanical strength to withstand in vivo hemodynamic forces until vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts reinforce the extracellular matrix of the vessel wall. Hence, the choice of scaffold is crucial for providing guidance cues to the cells to behave in the required manner to produce tissues and organs of the desired shape and size. Several types of scaffolds have been used for the reconstruction of blood vessels. They can be broadly classified as biological scaffolds, decellularized matrices, and polymeric biodegradable scaffolds. This review focuses on the different types of scaffolds that have been designed, developed, and tested for tissue engineering of blood vessels, including use of stem cells in vascular tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Vascular Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances in Small Diameter Blood Vessel Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Catto ◽  
Silvia Farè ◽  
Giuliano Freddi ◽  
Maria Cristina Tanzi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vessel Regeneration

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality around the globe. The development of a functional and appropriate substitute for small diameter blood vessel replacement is still a challenge to overcome the main drawbacks of autografts and the inadequate performances of synthetic prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE, Goretex). Therefore, vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for small diameter blood vessel regeneration as demonstrated by the increasing interest dedicated to this field. This review is focused on the most relevant and recent studies concerning vascular tissue engineering for small diameter blood vessel applications. Specifically, the present work reviews research on the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts made of decellularized matrices and natural and/or biodegradable synthetic polymers and their realization without scaffold.

Insight on the endothelialization of small silk-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Cordelle ◽  
Sara Mantero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

Along with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, there is a strong need for small-diameter vascular grafts. Silk has been investigated as a biomaterial to develop such grafts thanks to different processing options. Endothelialization was shown to be extremely important to ensure graft patency and there is ongoing research on the development and behavior of endothelial cells on vascular tissue-engineered scaffolds. This article reviews the endothelialization of silk-based scaffolds processed throughout the years as silk non-woven nets, films, gel spun, electrospun, or woven scaffolds. Encouraging results were reported with these scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo when implanted in small- to middle-sized animals. The use of coatings and heparin or sulfur to enhance, respectively, cell adhesion and scaffold hemocompatibility is further presented. Bioreactors also showed their interest to improve cell adhesion and thus promoting in vitro pre-endothelialization of grafts even though they are still not systematically used. Finally, the importance of the animal models used to study the right mechanism of endothelialization is discussed.

Beware of interspecies differences in vascular tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo discrepancies

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. e40
Author(s):  
Murielle Rémy ◽  
Patrick Menu ◽  
J.C. Voegel ◽  
J.F. Ponsot ◽  
M.F. Harmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Interspecies Differences
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