Effect-Size Reporting Practices in AJSLP and Other ASHA Journals, 1999–2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Meline ◽  
Bailey Wang
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Report Effect Size

A census of effect-size practices in the past 5 volumes of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association journals was accomplished. Inclusion of effect size in quantitative research reports increased from 5 reports with effect size in 1990 to 1994 to 120 reports in 1999 to 2003. Nonetheless, effect size was reported less than 30% of the time when inferential statistics were used, and only half of those reports included an interpretation of effect size. This article presents case exemplars to illustrate the use and value of effect size and includes suggestions for interpreting effect size. Researchers are encouraged to routinely report effect size and to interpret effect size in a way that facilitates the application of research to practice.

scholarly journals The Other Half of the Story: Effect Size Analysis in Quantitative Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Middlemis Maher ◽  
Jonathan C. Markey ◽  
Diane Ebert-May
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing

Statistical significance testing is the cornerstone of quantitative research, but studies that fail to report measures of effect size are potentially missing a robust part of the analysis. We provide a rationale for why effect size measures should be included in quantitative discipline-based education research. Examples from both biological and educational research demonstrate the utility of effect size for evaluating practical significance. We also provide details about some effect size indices that are paired with common statistical significance tests used in educational research and offer general suggestions for interpreting effect size measures. Finally, we discuss some inherent limitations of effect size measures and provide further recommendations about reporting confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Tingkat Kesiapan Kali Pepe untuk Dikembangakan sebagai Kawasan Wisata Berbasis Sungai di Kota Surakarta

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Nurul Widowati ◽  
Winny Astuti ◽  
Murtanti Jani Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Past History ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<div><p><em>Surakarta is a city that has the potential of the river. But in the process, these rivers suffered environmental degradation as a function instead of the banks into slums and squatter, and functions of rivers that serve as places of waste disposal. Government’s city of Surakarta has done various setup area of the river. One of the targeted structuring Pepe-River is often known by the name Kali Pepe. Kali Pepe is the river which has the most strategic location because it divides the centre of city and the river has a past history of Surakarta. Kali Pepe is the witness of history where culture and trade activities in the rapidly growing city of Surakarta in the past with the ecological function and physical function as transportation trade.Setuping Kali Pepe, according to the Mayor of Surakarta, is directed to serve as recreation/tourism area. Since the Surakarta Mayor initiated the year 2015 that Kali Pepe as a tourist area. The initiated moves the government and society in order to more actively participate in developing the area into a tourist area. This research would like to know how the readiness level of the Kali Pepe area to be developed as a tourist area-based streams. The components of preparedness were seen from aspect of attractions or natural tourist attraction, artificial attractions, acessesiblity, institutional, infrastructure supporting tourism, and the behavior of the flooding of the river. This research is quantitative research in methods of scoring analysis. The result of this research has shown that Kali Pepe less readiness to be developed as a tourist area-based stream. Aspects of accessibility and infrastructure supporting tourism were an aspect which has a readiness. But for this aspect of the attraction, institutional and river flooding behavior is still in the stage of less readiness.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> readiness, tourist areas, river tours</em></p></div>

scholarly journals The Influence of Virtual Labs on the Students’ Learning Outcomes and Scientific Attitudes at Physics Education Study Program Flores University

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Ilyas Ilyas ◽  
An Nisaa Al Mu’min Liu ◽  
Hamsah Doa
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Virtual Lab ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Scientific Attitudes

This study aims to determine learning outcomes and the scientific attitudes of students at physics education study programs using virtual lab. This type of research is quantitative research. It uses descriptive statistical analysis and inferential stattistics to illustrate data learning outcomes and the scientific attitudes of students at physics education study Universitas Flores using the virtual lab. Data collection techniques used in this study were test for learning outcomes and observatory techniques for the scientific attitude. From the results of descriptive analysis for learning outcomes, it shows that the average is 75,05 in the enough category. The results of inferential statistics show t count is 2,770, sig(2-tailed) 0,011. Because the sig(2-tailed) value of 0,011 is smaller than 0,05, thus it can be concluded that use of the virtual lab influences the learning outcomes. For the scientific attitudes it shows that the average is 76,14 in the enough category. The results of inferential statistics show t count is 3,875, sig(2-tailed) 0,001. Because the sig(2-tailed) value of 0,001 is smaller than 0,05, thus it can be concluded that use of the virtual lab influences the scientific attitudes of students at physics education study Universitas Flores.Keywords: Virtual Lab, Learning Outcomes, Scientific AttitudePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar dan sikap ilmiah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan fisika Universitas Flores dengan menggunakan virtual laboratorium. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif , dengan analisis statistik deskfiptif dan statistik inferensial untuk menggambarkan hasil belajar dan sikap ilmiah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan fisika Universitas Flores menggunakan Virtual Laboratorium. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen tes untuk mengukur hasil belajar serta lembar observasi untuk mengukur sikap ilmiah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan fisika. Dari hasil analisis deskriptif untuk hasil belajar menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa adalah 75,05 dalam kategori cukup, sedangkan hasil statistik inferensial menunjukkan nilai t hitung 2,770, sig(2-tailed) 0,011. Karena nilai sig(2-tailed) 0,011 lebih kecil dari 0,05 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan virtual laboratorium berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar fisika mahasiswa program studi pendidikan fisika Universitas Flores. Untuk sikap ilmiah berdasarkan analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata 76,14 dalam kategori cukup, sedangkan hasil statistik inferensial menunjukkan nilai t hitung 3,875, sig(2-tailed) 0,001. Karena nilai sig(2-tailed) 0,001 lebih kecil dari 0,05 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan virtual lab berpengaruh terhadap sikap ilmiah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan fisika Universitas Flores.Kata kunci: Virtual Laboratorium, Hasil Belajar,  Sikap Ilmiah

scholarly journals Obtaining evidence for no effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Dienes
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Relevant Effect

Obtaining evidence that something does not exist requires knowing how big it would be were it to exist. Testing a theory that predicts an effect thus entails specifying the range of effect sizes consistent with the theory, in order to know when the evidence counts against the theory. Indeed, a theoretically relevant effect size must be specified for power calculations, equivalence testing, and Bayes factors in order that the inferential statistics test the theory. Specifying relevant effect sizes for power, or the equivalence region for equivalence testing, or the scale factor for Bayes factors, is necessary for many journal formats, such as registered reports, and should be necessary for all articles that use hypothesis testing. Yet there is little systematic advice on how to approach this problem. This article offers some principles and practical advice for specifying theoretically relevant effect sizes for hypothesis testing.

Evaluating the Landscape of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Mitigation Goals of the Global Food and Beverage Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Reavis ◽  
Jenny Ahlen ◽  
Joe Rudek ◽  
Kusum Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Global Food

Abstract The dramatic increase of emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) by humans over the past century and a half has created an urgency for monitoring, reporting, and verifying GHG emissions as a first step towards mitigating the effects of climate change. Fifteen percent of global GHG emissions come from agriculture, and companies in the food and beverage industry are starting to set climate goals. We evaluated the GHG emissions reporting practices and climate goals of the top 100 global food and beverage companies and determined whether or not their goals are aligned with the science of reducing climate warming to less than 2 °C. We found that two thirds of the top 100 (as ranked by Food Engineering) global food and beverage companies are setting some sort of climate goals, but fewer than half included scope 3 emissions in their goals. Only four companies have goals that are aligned with the goal of the 3% Solution: a 4.3% annual emission reduction until 2050. While an increasing number of companies are disclosing and setting targets that include scope 3 emissions, many still do not disclose or report any of their emissions. Our results highlight an urgent need to develop protocols for monitoring, reporting, and verifying GHG emissions and to provide transparent information on climate goals and targets.

scholarly journals Taking stock of cost-effectiveness analysis of healthcare in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e001418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Butt ◽  
Gordon G Liu ◽  
David D Kim ◽  
Peter J Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making

IntroductionCost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is playing an increasingly important role in informing healthcare decision-making in China. This study aims to review the published literature on CEA in mainland China and describe its characteristics and evolution. We provide recommendations on the future direction of CEA as a methodology and as a tool to support healthcare decision-making in China.MethodsEnglish-language cost-per-quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and cost-per-disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) publications relating to mainland China were reviewed using the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry and Global Health Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry through 2017. Study features were summarised using descriptive statistics. Changes in study methodology over time were analysed by trend test, and study characteristics influencing the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of cost-per-QALY studies were investigated using logistic regression.Results170 studies were identified reporting CEA for mainland China (cost/QALY=125, cost/DALY=45) since 1998. The number and quality of studies has increased over the past two decades, with significantly more cost-per-QALY studies compared with cost-per-DALY studies (p<0.0001) and more studies with authors affiliated with Chinese institutions (p=0.0002). The average quality score was 5.04 out of 7 for cost-per-QALY and 4.70 for cost-per-DALY studies based on Registry reviewers’ subjective assessment of overall quality (methods, assumptions and reporting practices). The median ICER reported for interventions for oncology patients was higher (US$26 694 per QALY) than the median ICER reported for all interventions (US$11 503 per QALY). Oncology interventions were associated with the likelihood of reporting higher ICERs than the median ICER (p=0.003).ConclusionThe number of English-language published CEA studies relating to China has grown rapidly over the past 20 years. In terms of quality, the China studies compare favourably with international studies, although they remain a small proportion of studies globally.

scholarly journals The Effects of Instructional, Transformation and Distributed Leadership on Students' Academic Outcomes: A Meta -Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yousef Ogla Almarshad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

This paper reviewed the effects of educational leadership on students' academic outcomes during the past decade. 14 studies were found and included with the computation of 16 effect size statistics. This research evaluated the effect of three different types of leadership, instructional, transformational and distributed, on students' academic achievement. The study found no discernable differences with respect to the type of leadership on students' academic outcomes.Discernable leadership was found to be the most influential leadership style on students' academic achievement. This finding confirms earlier arguments suggesting that if leaders are more engaged in the business of teaching and learning of their students, the academic performance of schools pupils become better. In light of earlier reviews of leadership effects on students' outcomes, this study shows that the influence of leadership on academic measures differs from its effects on non-academic outcomes including social, psychological and political characteristics.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review Paper on Online Medical Mobile Applications in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohman Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran Qureshi ◽  
Ishamuddin Mustapha ◽  
Sobia Irum ◽  
Rai Naveed Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Record Management ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Health Care

<p class="0abstract"><strong>Abstract—</strong>The introduction of mobile devices to the worldwide market has marvelous possible to disturb the way Health care is providing. In this paper, we will overview the work done in the five years from 2014 to 2018 in the field of mHealth in Research perspective. For that purpose, we choose the Scopus database to review the past research published on mHealth in Malaysia. For that purpose, the quantitative review has been observed in bibliometric analysis and a Qualitative review is done through systematic review in the order through PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). After the selection of 58 papers, the process based on the different steps. In the first step, the corresponding to Microsoft excels in a descriptive analysis of the published literature on mobile Healthcare in the field of online Healthcare like the distribution of the year, distribution of subjects and distribution of the author. Quantitative studies are 15 in number collected from the past literature, the researcher used the quantitative method for measuring the results Quantitative research collects data that will be processed to understand the indicators, overall trends, and requirements of the market. The qualitative studies collected from past research were 27 in numbers, collected studies were processed on the excel sheet to find out the areas discussed in the past. Traditional Health Care of Malaysia is top of the list in the world, but the mHealth still needs to improve in the region. Past studies in the mHealth are discussing physical health and wearable devices in detail with connectivity to smartphones but serious diseases are cover in very some studies. Like diabetes and HIV apps and patient are not highlighted in the collected data. Patient record management and coordination with families are also part of some research studies and that is very important for recovery in some cases.</p>

Exploring the rationale for integrated report assurance

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1826-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Maroun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Perceived Relevance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine why companies assure some of the information found in their integrated reports, possible changes required to existing assurance practices and the motivation for either seeking to expand current technologies of assurance or to maintain the status quo. Design/methodology/approach The research is exploratory/interpretive. Data are collected from detailed interviews with preparers and assurance experts. Framing theory provides the data analysis framework. Findings Three broad views on assurance are identified. An expectation management perspective focusses on the role of assurance as a legitimisation tool and requires no changes to existing assurance standards. A value-adding perspective emphasises the role of assurance in improving the usefulness of information being reported to stakeholders and its function as part of a broader corporate governance system. This can evolve into a change-potential outlook in terms of which assurance is used to promote positive organisational change, something which may require the development of new standards/guidelines for assuring integrated reports. Research limitations/implications Only preparers and assurance experts are engaged to explore the rationale for seeking to have parts of an integrated report assured. The views of the broader stakeholder community are not taken into account. The study is also limited to a single jurisdiction where integrated reporting practices are relatively well established. Practical implications Assurance of non-financial information cannot be understood only in terms of broad drivers such as firm size, environmental impact or listing status. It is inextricably linked with the perceived relevance of integrated (or sustainability) reporting and the value which assurance provides to an organisation and its stakeholders. Originality/value The study complements the mainly quantitative research on determinants of assurance of environmental or social disclosures. It is one of the few to provide primary evidence on the reasons for having these types of disclosures assured and how this informs the need for changes to existing assurance practices. The paper is also one of the first to deal with the assurance of environmental or social information in an integrated reporting context.

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