Intraword Variability in Children With Cochlear Implants: The Long-Term Development up to 5 Years of Age and a Comparison With Children With Normal Hearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Faes ◽  
Steven Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Group ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Similar Factor ◽  
Whole Word

Purpose This study evaluates intraword or token-to-token variability in the spontaneous speech of Dutch-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) longitudinally up to 5 years of age in comparison with intraword variability in age-matched peers with normal hearing (NH). Method Spontaneous speech samples of 9 children with CI were collected longitudinally up to age 5. The data of the NH control group consisted of cross-sectional recordings. Children's word productions were categorized into 4 response types of the variability score (consistent correct, consistent incorrect, variable with hits, variable with no hits), and the proportion of whole-word variation (PWV) was calculated. Results PWV was high in both groups of children but decreased with age. All response types of the variability score appeared in both groups. Children with CI were significantly more variable than their peers with NH up to age 4, but this difference has disappeared by age 5. Longer words had a higher PWV and were more often consistent incorrect and variable. Conclusions Intraword variability was characteristic of children with CI's spontaneous speech productions as it was in children with NH, and a similar factor (word length) affected variability in production. Group comparisons showed higher rates of intraword variability in children with CI, but they seemed to catch up with their peers with NH by age 5.

scholarly journals Consonant cluster production in children with cochlear implants: A comparison with normally hearing peers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Faes ◽  
Steven Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Development ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
Catch Up

In early word productions, the same types of errors are manifest in children with cochlear implants (CI) as in their normally hearing (NH) peers with respect to consonant clusters. However, the incidence of those types and their longitudinal development have not been examined or quantified in the literature thus far. Furthermore, studies on the spontaneous speech of Dutch-speaking children with CI are missing. This article compares children with CI and NH children with respect to their use of word-initial two-consonant clusters and the frequency of each type of error. The spontaneous speech of nine Dutch-speaking children with CI and an age-matched cohort of NH children was analysed from word-onset up to age seven. Results showed that accuracy and frequency of consonant clusters increases with age and that the age at implant activation is crucial in children with CI. Cross-sectional comparisons showed that some aspects of consonant cluster production in children with CI lag behind that of their NH peers, but that children with CI catch up by age five.

scholarly journals Long-Term Lateral Semicircular Canal Function in Children with Cochlear Implants: Results of Video Head Impulse Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Nader Nassif ◽  
Cristiano Balzanelli ◽  
Luca Oscar Redaelli de Zinis
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Hearing Children

In children with profound deafness, bilateral cochlear implant (CI) is an effective, established procedure. However, its safety on vestibular function has recently been debated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the long-term lateral semicircular canal high-frequency vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (LSC HF VOR) in children with CI by video head impulse testing (vHIT). This is a cross-sectional study assessing a cohort of children who received either a unilateral (12) or a bilateral (12) cochlear implant (CI), compared with a control group of 12 normal-hearing children. No significant LSC HF VOR gain difference was found between CI users and controls. In the unilaterally implanted group, the LSC HF VOR gain measured in the “CI-ON” condition was significantly higher than in the “CI-OFF” condition, both in the implanted and in the non-implanted ear. In the bilaterally implanted group, the difference between the two conditions was not significant. Our results do not show any impairment of LSC HF VOR function in children with CI compared to normal-hearing children in the long-term period. This suggests that both unilateral and simultaneous/sequential bilateral CI are procedures that do not impair HF LSC long-term function when analyzed by vHIT.

scholarly journals Mismatch Negativity in Children with Cochlear Implant

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. e292-e298
Author(s):  
Natalia Martinez Fernandes ◽  
Daniela Gil ◽  
Marisa Frasson de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Children

Introduction The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a negative long-latency auditory potential elicited by any discriminable change in a repetitive aspect of auditory stimulation. This evoked potential can provide cortical information about the sound processing, including in children who use cochlear implants. Objective To identify MMN characteristics regarding latency, amplitude, and wave area in cochlear implanted children and to identify associations among language development, speech perception and family involvement. Methods This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, which compared two groups: study group—children with cochlear implant, and control group—hearing children. The children were submitted to MMN evaluation with non-verbal tone burst stimulus, differing in frequency in sound field at 70 dBHL, with SmartEP equipment (Intelligent Hearing Systems, Miami, FL, USA). Speech perception and language development questionnaires were also applied, and the family participation in the rehabilitation process was classified. Results The occurrence of MMN was 73.3% for the control group and 53.3% for the study group. Values of latency, amplitude and area of MMN of children using cochlear implants were similar to those of hearing children, and did not differ between groups. The occurrence of MMN was not correlated to the variables of hearing, language and family categories. Conclusion Children with cochlear implants showed similar MMN responses to those of the children in the control group, with mean latency, amplitude and area of 208.9 ms (±12.8), -2.37 μV (±0.38) and 86.5 μVms (±23.4), respectively. There was no correlation between the presence of MMN and children's performance in the auditory and language development tests or family involvement during rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Long-term care for people with dementia: environmental design guidelines

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fleming ◽  
Nitin Purandare
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
People With Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground: A large and growing number of people with dementia are being cared for in long-term care. The empirical literature on the design of environments for people with dementia contains findings that can be helpful in the design of these environments. A schema developed by Marshall in 2001 provides a means of reviewing the literature against a set of recommendations. The aims of this paper are to assess the strength of the evidence for these recommendations and to identify those recommendations that could be used as the basis for guidelines to assist in the design of long term care facilities for people with dementia.Methods: The literature was searched for articles published after 1980, evaluating an intervention utilizing the physical environment, focused on the care of people with dementia and incorporating a control group, pre-test-post-test, cross sectional or survey design. A total of 156 articles were identified as relevant and subjected to an evaluation of their methodological strength. Of these, 57 articles were identified as being sufficiently strong to be reviewed.Results: Designers may confidently use unobtrusive safety measures; vary ambience, size and shape of spaces; provide single rooms; maximize visual access; and control levels of stimulation. There is less agreement on the usefulness of signage, homelikeness, provision for engagement in ordinary activities, small size and the provision of outside space.Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence available to come to a consensus on guiding principles for the design of long term environments for people with dementia.

scholarly journals GROWTH, NEURODEVELOPMENT IN EXTREMELY LOWBIRTH BABIES AT TWO YEAR OF CORRECTED AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ashok Kumar ◽  
Dr. Kanya Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Dr. Prabhjot Malhi ◽  
Dr. Anil Kumar Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catch Up

According to national neonatal perinatal data (NNPD) the survival of ELBW babies has improved from 37% in 2000 to 45% in 2002-3 reports. In our neonatal unit in PGIMER the survival of ELBW babies has been 54-56% in last 5 years, however unfortunately there is very scanty reports of long term outcome of ELBW babies from India. There is very scanty report of long term growth outcome of VLBW and ELBW Babies in our country, we reported VLBW and ELBW babies in our follow up had poor catch up growth, though some catch-up was observed at 6 month but subsequent lag in growth probably reflects poor weaning at 1 year.  Infants with extremely low birth weights (ELBWs) are more susceptible to all of the possible complications of premature birth, both in the immediate neonatal period and after discharge from the nursery. These babies are at risk of poor growth and developmental. in the present study a total of 39 cases of ELBW Babies were enrolled during one year study period from July 2011- June2012 attending the neonatal follow up clinic attained 2year±3month of corrected age. Their detail birth data and postnatal illnesses retrieved from their initial hospital files and unit discharge record. A similar number of babies enrolled at 2yrs±3months of age in the control group. In the presence study, we assessed the growth, and neurological out come in extremely low birth baby attained 2yrs±3 months of corrected age. The study population consisted of 39 children of ELBW baby born during 2009 -10 at PGIMER & same number of normal birth weight children at 2yr±3 months of corrected age who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These children were enrolled from neonatal follow up clinic who were already undergoing long term follow up. For growth outcome, we used weight, height & head circumference measurement of child, for neurological and developmental outcome used clinical neurological examination and DP-III .Base line demographic characteristics of our ELBW babies (Cases) where as follows.   Mean (S.D) gestational age of  ELBW babies was 29.87±2.3 week. Mean (S.D) birth weight 867±71.1 grams, Mean (S.D) lenght35±2.1cm & head circumference was 25.76±1.9 cm. Mean hospital stay in the ELBW babies was 48.6±19.9 days. Mean birth weight and gestational age of control group where 2684±166.2grm and 39.03±0.9 weeks. At 2year of corrected age we found  - Weight was similar in both in case group & control group. (10.04±1.4 Vs 10.75±1.1). Height and head circumference were smaller in cases than control group. (81.4±4.3 Vs 84.4±3.3 and 45.9±1.6 Vs 46.8±1.5. 5% Babies had cerebral palsy in case group (N=2/39) and none in control group. Gross development score(GDS) in Development profile-III in both study group (cases & controls) was  similar  (72.49±8.08 Vs 73.54±9.3,p=0.596). Significant difference in domains physical (84.5±7.8 Vs.90±3.5, p=0.000) and domains adaptive (81±6.7 Vs. 85.3±5.4,p= 0.003) in cases as compared to controls. There was no difference between SGA and AGA among cases in growth and neurological development. There was no difference between male and female in case group in any parameter .There is very scanty data from our country on longterm follow up of ELBW babies. Our data shows that our ELBW cohort remained small in height and had smaller head circumference though weight was similar as compared to normal control babies.  Key words: ELBW, VLBW, birth weight, neurological examination.

scholarly journals Relationship between pediatric liquid medicines (PLMs) and dental caries in chronically ill children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ankita Goyal ◽  
Vatchala Rani ◽  
Bhadravathi Cheluvaiah Manjunath ◽  
Kanupriya Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronically Ill Children

Introduction: Purpose of this research is to assess the relationship between long-term pediatric liquid medicines (PLMs) consumption and dental caries in 2–12-years-old chronically ill children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a public pediatric hospital in India for a period of 6 months. A total of 455 children aged 2–12 years old with various chronic diseases who were receiving PLMs for more than 6 months were selected as the subjects in this study and compared with 531 children of similar age group and diseases who received other forms of medication. Dental caries was measured by DMFT/dmft and data collected were analyzed with SPSS (17th version) using statistical tests such as t-test and one-way ANOVA. Univariable logistic regression was used where the significance was fixed at a a p value of less than 0.001. Results: Children on PLMs had an increased risk of dental caries than those on other forms of medications (OR: 3.142, 95% CI: 2.37–4.15, p < 0.001). The prevalence of dental caries was higher (77.8%) in children consuming PLMs when compared to other forms of medication (52.7%). The mean DMFT and dmft scores were significantly higher in the study group when compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Long-term consumption of pediatric liquid medicines containing sucrose as a risk factor for dental caries among chronically ill children. sugar free options has to be used during prescription to prevent medication-triggered caries.Keywords: Paediatric liquid medicine, medication-triggered caries, sugar-free medication

Cognitive Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (524) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Jambor
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

In previous studies the estimation of the incidence of intellectual changes in multiple sclerosis has varied from as low as 2 per cent. (Cottrell and Wilson, 1926) to as high as 72 per cent. (Ombredane, 1929). In order to establish the incidence accurately, the most satisfactory method would clearly be a long-term follow-up (covering lifetime) of a sample of multiple sclerosis patients. Any cross-sectional study would include patients in varying degrees of advancement of the disease, and patients found to be free of intellectual deficits at the time of investigation would not necessarily remain so. Also, the indirect psychometric assessment of intellectual loss is notoriously difficult, and the direct method of follow-up would give much more accurate results. The only direct study up to date has been that of Canter (1951), who found a highly significant (i.e. 13·48 points) loss on re-testing multiple sclerosis patients on the Army General Classification Test after a four-year period. Even after such a short period as six months he found slight losses on most Wechsler-Bellevue subtests, in contrast to an average gain of six full IQ points of the control group.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cardiovascular disease ten years after preeclampsia

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivete Cristina Teixeira Canti ◽  
Márcia Komlós ◽  
Sérgio Hofmeister Martins-Costa ◽  
José Geraldo Lopes Ramos ◽  
Edison Capp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nulliparous Women

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a gestational disease that occurs mainly among nulliparous women after the 20th week of gestation, and frequently close to delivery. The effects of preeclampsia on women's blood pressure over the long term are still controversial. Patients with recurrent preeclampsia or preeclampsia in the early stages of pregnancy appear to present higher risk of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among women with preeclampsia 10 years earlier. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). METHODS: Forty women with preeclampsia and 14 normotensive pregnant women followed up 10 or more years earlier at HCPA underwent clinical and laboratory examinations. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic pressures. The risk of developing hypertension was measured using the chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The patients with preeclampsia 10 or more years earlier had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.047), BMI (P = 0.019) and abdominal circumference (P = 0.026). They presented positive correlations between BMI and diastolic blood pressure (0.341; P = 0.031) and between BMI and systolic blood pressure (0.407; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The patients with preeclampsia 10 or more years earlier had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure, BMI and abdominal circumference than did the control group. This emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up assessment for cardiovascular risk factors among patients with preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Attitude and Behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Poland

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
Filip Franciszek Karuga ◽  
Adrian Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Staniecka ◽  
Natalia Siwecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Healthcare workers are particularly exposed to biological risk during their daily occupational activities. Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become one of the most widespread infectious agents. In the current study, we performed a survey on the attitude and behavior of Polish healthcare workers (HCW), which comprise physicians (MD) and administrative healthcare assistants (HA) towards the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Our study involved 2300 subjects (42.17% female; 10.96% MD; 5.87% HA). The evaluation was conducted using a Google Forms survey based on original questions and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items questionnaire. HCW significantly more often demonstrated their willingness to get vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the control group (82.95% vs. 54.31%, respectively). The main concern, as regards all groups, was the development of long-term side effects after getting COVID-19 vaccine. The study revealed that depression significantly affects the willingness to get vaccinated. The readiness was significantly strengthened by positive medical history of recommended vaccinations, fear of catching COVID-19, as well as fear of passing on the disease to the relatives. Overall, the percentage of HCW, who want to be vaccinated against COVID-19 remains unsatisfactory. Further works exploring this subject are needed to take a step closer to achieving the herd immunity in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation and Pesticide Exposure in Rural Communities of Central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash B. Behere ◽  
Amit B. Nagdive ◽  
Aniruddh P. Behere ◽  
Richa Yadav ◽  
Rouchelle Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Suicidal Ideas

Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate association between suicidal ideation and pesticide exposure in rural communities of Wardha district of Central rural India compared with villagers who are not exposed to it. Method It was a cross-sectional study done in rural community of Wardha district in Central India. About 100 farmers who were exposed to pesticides and 100 controls who were not exposed to pesticides were included. A Semistructured proforma to record sociodemographic variables and Indian version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used. Results Of these 200 subjects, data were available for 85 farmers in study group and 74 in control group. In the farmers group, 31% of farmers had suicidal ideas, while 8% of controls felt like ending their life. Conclusion Measures must be taken to store pesticides at a safer place thus reducing long-term exposure. Organic farming is a better choice to avoid suicidal ideas.

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