scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Audiologist-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Tinnitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3S) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldré W. Beukes ◽  
Peter M. Allen ◽  
David M. Baguley ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah ◽  
Gerhard Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Tinnitus Severity ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hearing Handicap ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes 1 year after undertaking an audiologist-guided Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention for tinnitus. Secondary aims were to identify any predictors of outcome and whether there were any unwanted events related to undertaking iCBT for tinnitus. Method Participants who had previously undertaken a randomized iCBT efficacy trial for tinnitus were invited to participate. Of the 146 who were initially randomized for the efficacy trial, 104 participants completed the 1-year postintervention assessment measures. The primary outcome was a change in tinnitus distress as assessed by the Tinnitus Functional Index. Secondary assessment measures were included for insomnia, anxiety, depression, hearing handicap, hyperacusis, cognitive failures, and satisfaction with life. An intention-to-treat analysis using repeated-measures analysis of variance and hierarchical multiple regression was used for statistical analysis. Unwanted effects were categorized according to the unwanted events checklist. Results Undertaking iCBT for tinnitus led to significant improvements 1 year postintervention for tinnitus and related difficulties, for example, insomnia, anxiety, depression, hearing handicap, hyperacusis, and life satisfaction. The best predictors of improving tinnitus severity at 1-year postintervention were greater baseline tinnitus severity scores, reading more of the modules, and higher satisfaction with the intervention. Unwanted events were reported by 11% of the participants and were more likely to be reported by women than men. These events were related to worsening of symptoms, the emergence of new symptoms, negative well-being, and prolongation of treatment. Conclusions The clinical benefits of audiologist-guided iCBT for tinnitus and tinnitus-related difficulties were sustained 1 year postintervention. Predictors of outcome indicated that the intervention is applicable to a wide range of participants regardless of their demographic backgrounds. Attempts should be made to minimize unwanted events in subsequent trials.

Outcomes in Adulthood After Long-Term Foster Care: A Sibling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
Lars Brännström ◽  
Bo Vinnerljung ◽  
Anders Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Cohort

When a child is removed from their home and placed in foster care, society takes over the responsibility for that child’s well-being and development. Failure to provide a child with a nurturing upbringing may have negative consequences for the child as well as for society. Using Swedish longitudinal registry data for a national cohort sample of siblings, in which some were placed in foster care and others remained in their birth parents’ care, this study asks whether long-term foster care ensures improved life chances. Results from multilevel regression analyses of a wide range of educational, social, and health-related outcomes in mature adult age (16 outcome constructs) support a row of previous studies indicating that traditional long-term foster care does not seem to improve maltreated children’s life chances.

scholarly journals Implementing Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for People Living with Dementia in Long-Term Care Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 691-692
Author(s):  
Emily Ihara
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Person-centered dementia care is a best practice recommendation by the Alzheimer’s Association, and non-pharmacologic interventions that emphasize well-being and quality of life as defined by the individual are important to preserve personhood. Non-pharmacologic, person-centered interventions have been shown to effectively address various neuropsychiatric symptoms, commonly known as behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD), which include a wide range of behaviors such as verbal or physical aggression, agitation, wandering, and pacing. Interventions that are focused on an individual’s holistic needs and preferences can stimulate positive emotions and behavior regardless of the stage of dementia. Person-centered care emphasizes a social model of care, rather than a medical model, by focusing on an individual’s emotional needs and care preferences that are consistent with their previous lifestyle. This symposium explores four different non-pharmacologic interventions for individuals living with dementia and discusses challenges and best practices for implementation in long-term care settings. For example, a best practice includes “buy-in” from facility staff who ultimately are responsible for implementing interventions that follow a social care model. A challenge found includes creating consistency and adherence to non-pharmacologic interventions so they are sustained over time, potentially replacing additional doses of medication. Symposium presenters will discuss the Mason Music & Memory Initiative (M3I), the Alzheimer’s Poetry Project, Birdsong, and TimeSlips, which are all interventions that are relatively low-cost and easy to implement by non-specialists. Strategies for intergenerational programming and adaptability of these programs to different contexts will also be discussed.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL-ASSISTED ACTIVITIES (AAA) ON THE WELL-BEING OF MINORITY STUDENTS IN GERMANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-478
Author(s):  
Laura Sokal ◽  
Anna Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Mental Well Being

Global increases in mental illness in children and youth have precipitated a wide range of therapies to address this concern. An alternative to this reactive approach is based on models of mental wellness that enhance children’s and youths’ perceptions of well-being and health. The current project examined the effects of a universal animal-assisted activity (AAA) program on a group of minority students who attended a boarding school in Germany. The intent of the current study was to determine whether the duration and types of AAA the students experienced were associated with higher levels of perceived mental well-being. Short-term gains in calmness were demonstrated under some AAA conditions, and long-term gains in well-being resulted from minority children’s participation in rabbit club.

Human fetal growth restriction: a cardiovascular journey through to adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sehgal ◽  
M. R. Skilton ◽  
F. Crispi
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Concept

Intrauterine growth restriction has been noted to adversely impact morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period as well as cardiovascular well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Recent data based on a wide range of ultrasound parameters during fetal and neonatal life has noted early and persistent involvement of the cardiovascular system. Some of these measures are predictive of long-term morbidities. Assessment of vascular mechanics is a new and novel concept in this population, and opens up avenues for diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of the likely effectiveness of interventions. Prevention of these adverse vascular and cardiac outcomes secondary to fetal growth restriction may be feasible and of clinical relevance. This review focuses on growth restriction in humans with respect to cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction during fetal life, persistence of functional cardiac impairment during early childhood and adolescence, and possible preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Spouses’ faces are similar but do not become more similar with time

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin Pin Tea-makorn ◽  
Michal Kosinski
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Facial Similarity ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The widely disseminated convergence in physical appearance hypothesis posits that long-term partners’ facial appearance converges with time due to their shared environment, emotional mimicry, and synchronized activities. Although plausible, this hypothesis is incompatible with empirical findings pertaining to a wide range of other traits—such as personality, intelligence, attitudes, values, and well-being—in which partners show initial similarity but do not converge over time. We solve this conundrum by reexamining this hypothesis using the facial images of 517 couples taken at the beginning of their marriages and 20 to 69 years later. Using two independent methods of estimating their facial similarity (human judgment and a facial recognition algorithm), we show that while spouses’ faces tend to be similar at the beginning of marriage, they do not converge over time, bringing facial appearance in line with other personal characteristics.

scholarly journals Short and Long term effects of Overeating (Atimatrashan) on health and well-being: A Conceptual Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Chavan ◽  
◽  
Narayan R. Sabu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Food Consumed ◽  
The Ideal

Overeating is the excess food consumed in relation to the energy that an organism expends. Out of various eating disorders overeating from supersize meal portions is termed as Atimatrashan in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda great emphasis has been given on the ideal quantity i.e., ‘matra’ of Aahara which is customized according to individual appetite. While occasional overeating predisposes to various disorders manifested through impaired digestive function, Habitual overeating eventually leads to obesity. Obesity being a state of chronic inflammation predisposes to wide range of diseases including Metabolic syndrome and Cancer. In this context, this paper discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Tridosha Prakop (vitiation of all the three Doshas) with the resulting ailments and Aamvish which is said to be formed as a result of habitual overeating and is thought to be Vishsadrushya (highly toxic) and param asaadhyam (incurable).

scholarly journals A Study on the Affected Children’s Coping Strategies and Psychological Adjustments following a Natural Disaster in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Samudra Kumari Senarath
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Children's Coping

Children who experience catastrophic disasters and events show a wide range of trauma reactions. In the absence of effective coping, for traumatic events may affect psychological development of children. The objectives of this study were to examine the tsunami affected the children and adolescents, efforts in coping strategies mobilized to manage with posttraumatic stress after seven years of the tsunami 2004, to assess the psychological adjustment and to examine changes in different coping styles after the psychological intervention. A quasi-experimental, two-group design with a pre-test and post-test was conducted to determine success of the intervention in children. Data were collected from 80 children and adolescents being affected by the tsunami, with n=40 in the experimental group (EG) and n=40 in the control group (CG) using standardized test, Child Coping Questionnaire (CCQ). To facilitate psychological well-being, psychological intervention was implemented three months including twenty sessions. Pre-test results (prior to intervention) proved both groups of children had relationship between posttraumatic stress and coping strategies. Two ways ANOVA with three measurement times showed that EG children’s coping styles were decreased and changed the negative coping in contrast to the CG. The Amos’ model predictive analysis also showed EG children were not required efforts to cope with posttraumatic stress in compared to the CG. Problem-focused and support- seeking coping scales, long-term and stabilization effects were failed, this means both groups need more help in social support and to solve their problems. The findings suggested that psychological intervention need to be implemented in long-term for the both group children’s well-being.

scholarly journals Changes in Health and Well-Being in COVID-19 Clinically Vulnerable Older English People During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Debora Price
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Using Data ◽  
June July ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract People with specific health profiles and diseases (such as diabetes, lung and heart conditions) have been classified as ‘clinically vulnerable’ (CV) to Covid-19, i.e. at higher risk of severe illness and mortality from Covid-19, and were targeted for shielding. However, there is as yet little evidence on how the pandemic and shielding impacted the health and social well-being of CV older people. Using data from Wave 9 (2018/19) and the first Covid-19 sub-study (June/July 2020) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we investigated changes in health and well-being during the pandemic by clinical vulnerability. We also explored the interactions between CV and age-group (50s, 60s, 70s, 80+), and between CV and shielding. Results suggest that CV older people (~39% of the sample) were more likely to report worse health and social well-being outcomes during the pandemic compared to non-CV participants, even considering pre-pandemic levels of health and well-being. However, changes in health were not uniform across age groups, with those in their 50s and 60s more likely to report greater deterioration in mental health than those in their 70s and over 80. Moreover, older adults who were shielding and were CV reported the most substantial rises in anxiety, depression, receipt of formal care as well as decreases in well-being and physical activity. While policies focussing on shielding CV older people reduce rates of hospitalisation and death from Covid-19, policymakers should address the wider needs of this group if their long-term health and social well-being are not to be compromised.

scholarly journals Preparing Care Leavers With Short- and Long-Term Interventions to Face Challenges of the Pandemic of Covid-19 in Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 234930032098019
Author(s):  
Purnima K Jindal ◽  
Manoj Kumar Suryawanshi ◽  
Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Short And Long Term

COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented human and health crisis and has been affecting lives in many forms. What seemed to be a health crisis eventually became a major ongoing global economic crisis. Sector-wide disruptions are threatening both short- and long-term livelihoods and well-being of millions of youth around the globe, especially youth from vulnerable communities. Business closures threatened the operations and soundness of the enterprises resulting in layoffs and wage losses, affecting a major chunk of youth including the young care leavers of alternative care programmes in Asia. This called for customised interventions and support for such young care leavers. Immediate actions were needed for managing their mental health, for maintaining education continuity and for reskilling of such young care leavers to prepare them to cope with the pandemic. This article is based on the learning and experiences of SOS Children’s Villages responses to supporting nearly 1,500 care leavers in various Asian countries. SOS Children’s Villages is committed to ensuring quality care and protection of children and youth through its various alternative care programmes in 15 countries in Asia region. SOS Children’s villages responded to COVID-19 pandemic by supporting youth and care leavers in SOS family-like care. Primarily, these countries reported that the school closures, mandated to combat the spread of the virus affected the education and learning of all the children and youth in their care. All projects in Asia started reaching out to the care leavers and started extending a wide range of support to them with both short- and long-term interventions. This article covers SOS Children’s Villages youth programmes, especially from 11 countries of Asia region—Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

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