scholarly journals Differential At-Risk Pediatric Outcomes of Parental Sensitivity Based on Hearing Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Izabela A. Jamsek ◽  
Rachael Frush Holt ◽  
William G. Kronenberger ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Parental Behaviors ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Language Measures

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of parental sensitivity in language and neurocognitive outcomes in children who are deaf and/or hard of hearing (DHH). Method Sixty-two parent–child dyads of children with normal hearing (NH) and 64 of children who are DHH (3–8 years) completed parent and child measures of inhibitory control/executive functioning and child measures of sentence comprehension and vocabulary. The dyads also participated in a video-recorded, free-play interaction that was coded for parental sensitivity. Results There was no evidence of associations between parental sensitivity and inhibitory control or receptive language in children with NH. In contrast, parental sensitivity was related to children's inhibitory control and all language measures in children who are DHH. Moreover, inhibitory control significantly mediated the association between parental sensitivity and child language on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fifth Edition Following Directions subscale (6–8 years)/Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool–Second Edition Concepts and Following Directions subscale (3–5 years). Follow-up analyses comparing subgroups of children who used hearing aids ( n = 29) or cochlear implants (CIs; n = 35) revealed similar correlational trends, with the exception that parental sensitivity showed little relation to inhibitory control in the group of CI users. Conclusions Parental sensitivity is associated with at-risk language outcomes and disturbances in inhibitory control in young children who are DHH. Compared to children with NH, children who are DHH may be more sensitive to parental behaviors and their effects on emerging inhibitory control and spoken language. Specifically, inhibitory control, when scaffolded by positive parental behaviors, may be critically important for robust language development in children who are DHH.

scholarly journals The plausible mechanisms of action of Carica papaya on Dengue infection: A comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhui Ken Bok ◽  
Manisha Balakrishnan ◽  
Yong Xin Jong ◽  
Yew Rong Kong ◽  
Kooi Yeong Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Leaf Juice

Dengue is a serious health endemic with a prediction that 2.5 billion are at risk of acquiring dengue infection and 50 million are infected yearly. Over the years, tremendous effort has been done to develop potential treatment for dengue infection. However, to no avail, most of the treatment modalities have failed in clinical evaluation and trials. With the lack of treatment for dengue infection, home remedies have been widely used as a belief to relieve the symptoms, one of them is the use of papaya leaf juice. This review provides a recent evidences and research that have been attempted to unravel the mechanism of actions of papaya leaf extract to treat dengue infection. Up to date, there are three main mechanisms that have been proposed, which are the anti-thrombocytopenic, immunomodulatory and anti-viral effect of papaya leaf juice extract.

Early Language Abilities of High-Risk Infants

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona M. Hubatch ◽  
Cynthia J. Johnson ◽  
Doris J. Kistler ◽  
William J. Burns ◽  
Wynnette Moneka
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Language ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Language Sample

Ten children with a history of prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were matched with 10 full-term controls on the single-word stage of language. Eleven dependent variables probed for qualitative differences between the groups. Measures of receptive language were based on two assessment procedures specifically designed for this study. Expressive language measures were taken from a parent-elicited language sample. Control subjects demonstrated superior performance on all receptive language and child verbosity measures despite their younger age.

scholarly journals Preliminary Efficacy of Adapted Responsive Teaching for Infants at Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Community Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace T. Baranek ◽  
Linda R. Watson ◽  
Lauren Turner-Brown ◽  
Samuel H. Field ◽  
Elizabeth R. Crais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Responsive Teaching ◽  
Active Treatment Phase

This study examined the (a) feasibility of enrolling 12-month-olds at risk of ASD from a community sample into a randomized controlled trial, (b) subsequent utilization of community services, and (c) potential of a novel parent-mediated intervention to improve outcomes. The First Year Inventory was used to screen and recruit 12-month-old infants at risk of ASD to compare the effects of 6–9 months of Adapted Responsive Teaching (ART) versus referral to early intervention and monitoring (REIM). Eighteen families were followed for ~20 months. Assessments were conducted before randomization, after treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. Utilization of community services was highest for the REIM group. ART significantly outperformed REIM on parent-reported and observed measures of child receptive language with good linear model fit. Multiphase growth models had better fit for more variables, showing the greatest effects in the active treatment phase, where ART outperformed REIM on parental interactive style (less directive), child sensory responsiveness (less hyporesponsive), and adaptive behavior (increased communication and socialization). This study demonstrates the promise of a parent-mediated intervention for improving developmental outcomes for infants at risk of ASD in a community sample and highlights the utility of earlier identification for access to community services earlier than standard practice.

Clinical Evaluation of Australian Hearing's Guidelines for Fitting Multiple Memory Hearing Aids

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Heidi Silberstein Limareff ◽  
Sandie Simmons ◽  
Corina Gul ◽  
Zoe Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Hearing Aids

scholarly journals Neutralizing IFNL3 Autoantibodies in Severe COVID-19 Identified Using Molecular Indexing of Proteins by Self-Assembly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel J. Credle ◽  
Jonathan Gunn ◽  
Puwanat Sangkhapreecha ◽  
Daniel R. Monaco ◽  
Xuwen Alice Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Autoreactive Antibodies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antibody Profiling ◽  
Circulating Autoantibodies ◽  
Interferon Lambda 3

AbstractUnbiased antibody profiling can identify the targets of an immune reaction. A number of likely pathogenic autoreactive antibodies have been associated with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection; yet, many additional autoantibodies likely remain unknown. Here we present Molecular Indexing of Proteins by Self Assembly (MIPSA), a technique that produces ORFeome-scale libraries of proteins covalently coupled to uniquely identifying DNA barcodes for analysis by sequencing. We used MIPSA to profile circulating autoantibodies from 55 patients with severe COVID-19 against 11,076 DNA-barcoded proteins of the human ORFeome library. MIPSA identified previously known autoreactivities, and also detected undescribed neutralizing interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) autoantibodies. At-risk individuals with anti-IFN-λ3 antibodies may benefit from interferon supplementation therapies, such as those currently undergoing clinical evaluation.One-Sentence SummaryMolecular Indexing of Proteins by Self Assembly (MIPSA) identifies neutralizing IFNL3 autoantibodies in patients with severe COVID-19.Graphical Abstract

Infant language predicts fathers’ vocabulary in infant-directed speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Jean QUIGLEY ◽  
Elizabeth NIXON
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Predictive Relations ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Infant Language

AbstractResearch on sources of individual difference in parental Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) is limited and there is a particular lack of research on fathers’ compared to mothers’ speech. This study examined the predictive relations between infant characteristics and variability in paternal lexical diversity (LD) in dyadic free play with two-year-olds (M = 24.1 months, SD = 1.39, 35 girls). Ten minutes of interaction for sixty-four father–infant dyads were transcribed and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of a set of distal and proximal sources of infant influence on paternal LD. Fathers’ LD was predicted only by infant language, both standardised language scores and dynamic language measures, and was not predicted by infant age, gender, executive function, or temperament. Findings are discussed in the light of the complex interplay of factors contributing to variability in IDS and the infant's linguistic environment.

scholarly journals Hearing aids to support cognitive functions of older adults at risk of dementia: the HearCog trial- clinical protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dona M. P. Jayakody ◽  
Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽  
Andrew H. Ford ◽  
Marcus D. Atlas ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Globally, about 50 million people were living with dementia in 2015, with this number projected to triple by 2050. With no cure or effective treatment currently insight, it is vital that factors are identified which will help prevent or delay both age-related and pathological cognitive decline and dementia. Observational data have suggested that hearing loss is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia, but no conclusive evidence from randomised controlled trials is currently available. Methods The HearCog trial is a 24-month, randomised, controlled clinical trial aimed at determining whether a hearing loss intervention can delay or arrest the cognitive decline. We will randomise 180 older adults with hearing loss and mild cognitive impairment to a hearing aid or control group to determine if the fitting of hearing aids decreases the 12-month rate of cognitive decline compared with the control group. In addition, we will also determine if the expected clinical gains achieved after 12 months can be sustained over an additional 12 months and if losses experienced through the non-correction of hearing loss can be reversed with the fitting of hearing aids after 12 months. Discussion The trial will also explore the cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared to the control arm and the impact of hearing aids on anxiety, depression, physical health and quality of life. The results of this trial will clarify whether the systematic correction of hearing loss benefits cognition in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. We anticipate that our findings will have implications for clinical practice and health policy development. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR: 12618001278224), registered on 30.07.2018.

Couples’ Empathy as a Predictor of Sensitive Responsiveness towards Infant Crying - Mediational Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin levels (the HEART study): an experimental study protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kaźmierczak ◽  
Paulina Pawlicka ◽  
Paulina Anikiej ◽  
Ariadna B Łada ◽  
Bogumiła Kiełbratowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Parental Responsiveness ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Mediational Role

UNSTRUCTURED Background: Sensitive responsiveness refers to parents’ ability to recognize and respond to infants’ cues and is one of the central aspects of early parenting. Sensitivity to infant cry supports child’s survival and is the most apparent early attachment behavior. Sensitive responsiveness to child’s needs has been linked to parental empathy. Additionally, oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are hormones important for sensitivity and empathy. Research on parental responsiveness indicates focus on mothers, and studies on parents-to-be are lacking. The aim of the HEART study is to test the direct and indirect (through OT and AVP levels) links between dispositional empathy and responsiveness to a life-like doll crying in couples and to verify whether these factors are predictors of responsiveness to own ’child’s cues. Exploratory analyses include predictors of sensitive responsiveness: polymorphisms of OXTR, AVPR1a and CD38 genes, personal characteristics (attachment style, temperament) and relational factors (perception of partners and own parents). Methods: The HEART project employs standardized experimental settings that can be used with nonparents and – the assessment of parental sensitive responsiveness towards their child. The participants are couples becoming parents for the first time (111) and childless couples (110) in Poland. The procedure involves the caretaking of a life-like doll (three 10-min episodes: each partner individually and a couple), which cries as programmed during the interaction. Salivary samples and questionnaire data are collected in a planned manner. In the second part of the project’, the expectant couples are invited for the assessment of the parental sensitivity to own child (free play episodes with each parent). Parental sensitivity is assessed using the observational Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale. Discussion: This paper presents an interdisciplinary research project that analyses the roots of the role of empathy in displaying parental sensitive responsiveness. HEART methodologically reaches beyond the questionnaire measurement, controls many factors influencing the dynamics of adult-infant interaction and focuses on the crying signal. By examining parental sensitive responsiveness of expectant couples towards their own ’child’s cues we uniquely explore the validity of the experimental design with a life-like doll. Trial registration: osf.io/ Identifier: osf.io/z5682.

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