Gender Differences in Identifying Facial, Prosodic, and Semantic Emotions Show Category- and Channel-Specific Effects Mediated by Encoder's Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yi Lin ◽  
Hongwei Ding ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
Male Subjects

Purpose The nature of gender differences in emotion processing has remained unclear due to the discrepancies in existing literature. This study examined the modulatory effects of emotion categories and communication channels on gender differences in verbal and nonverbal emotion perception. Method Eighty-eight participants (43 females and 45 males) were asked to identify three basic emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, and anger) and neutrality encoded by female or male actors from verbal (i.e., semantic) or nonverbal (i.e., facial and prosodic) channels. Results While women showed an overall advantage in performance, their superiority was dependent on specific types of emotion and channel. Specifically, women outperformed men in regard to two basic emotions (happiness and sadness) in the nonverbal channels and only the anger category with verbal content. Conversely, men did better for the anger category in the nonverbal channels and for the other two emotions (happiness and sadness) in verbal content. There was an emotion- and channel-specific interaction effect between the two types of gender differences, with male subjects showing higher sensitivity to sad faces and prosody portrayed by the female encoders. Conclusion These findings reveal explicit emotion processing as a highly dynamic complex process with significant gender differences tied to specific emotion categories and communication channels. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15032583

scholarly journals COMT-by-Sex Interaction Effect on Psychosis Proneness

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta de Castro-Catala ◽  
Neus Barrantes-Vidal ◽  
Tamara Sheinbaum ◽  
Artal Moreno-Fortuny ◽  
Thomas R. Kwapil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Comt Genotype ◽  
Comt Val158met ◽  
Negative Dimension ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Subjects

Schizotypy phenotypes in the general population share etiopathogenic mechanisms and risk factors with schizophrenia, supporting the notion of psychosis as a continuum ranging from nonclinical to clinical deviance. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia that is involved in the regulation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Several recent studies have reported a sex difference in the impact of COMT genotype on psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes and personality traits. The present study investigated the association of COMT Val158Met (rs4680) with psychometric positive and negative schizotypy and psychotic experiences in a sample of 808 nonclinical young adults. The main finding was that sex moderates the association of COMT genotype with the negative dimension of both schizotypy and psychotic experiences. Male subjects carrying the Val allele tended to score higher on the negative dimension of both trait and symptom-like measures. The results from the present study are consistent with recent work suggesting an association between negative schizotypy and diminished prefrontal dopamine availability. They support the idea that a biological differentiation underlies the positive and negative schizotypy dimensions. Additionally, these findings contribute to the growing literature on sex-specific effects of COMT on the predisposition to psychiatric disorders and personality traits.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Denial-Acceptance Duration Based on Kübler-Ross Cycle After HIV Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Niniek Budiarti Burhan ◽  
Muhammad Reza Febriliant
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
Male Subjects

<p class="Englishversionofabstract">Patients who have been diagnosed with HIV often suffer from sadness and grief that, in turn, affect the adherence to HIV treatment. This study aimed to examine gender differences in the denial-acceptance duration based on the Kübler-Ross cycle in patients after diagnosed with HIV. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 63 adult HIV patients aged 19-60 years who received routine treatment at the HIV/VCT outpatient department of Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. Subjects were interviewed using the Acceptance of Disease and Impairments Questionnaire (ADIQ). Gender differences in denial-acceptance duration after diagnosed with HIV were analyzed using the unpaired T-test. Results were statistically significant if p value &lt;0.05. The median duration of denial-acceptance in male subjects was 16 weeks with the shortest duration of 1 week and the longest duration of 144 weeks, while the median duration of female subjects was 12 weeks with the shortest duration of 1 week and the longest duration of 240 weeks. There are no gender differences in the denial-acceptance duration (p value = 0.629). In conclusion, there are no gender differences in denial-acceptance duration based on the Kübler-Ross cycle after diagnosed with HIV.</p>

scholarly journals REM versus Non-REM sleep disturbance specifically affects inter-specific emotion processing in family dogs (Canis familiaris)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bolló ◽  
Krisztina Kovács ◽  
Radu Lefter ◽  
Ferenc Gombos ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Specific Emotion

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Musculoskeletal Lipid Metabolism as Assessed by Localized Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. MRI.S958 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sendhil Velan ◽  
Nicholas Said ◽  
Kartik Narasimhan ◽  
Cyrus Papan ◽  
Ali Bahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Gender differences in lipid metabolism are poorly understood and difficult to study using conventional approaches. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) permits non-invasive investigation of lipid metabolism. We employed novel two-dimensional MRS techniques to quantify intramyocellular (IMCL) and extramyocellular (EMCL) lipid compartments and their degree of unsaturation in normal weight adult male and female subjects. Using muscle creatine (Cr) for normalization a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in IMCL/Cr (7.8 ± 1.6) and EMCL/Cr (22.5 ± 3.6) for female subjects was observed (n = 8), as compared to IMCL/Cr (5.9 ± 1.7) and EMCL/Cr (18.4 ± 2.64) for male subjects. The degree of unsaturation within IMCL and EMCL was lower in female subjects, 1.3 ± 0.075 and 1.04 ± 0.06, respectively, as compared to that observed in males (n = 8), 1.5 ± 0.08 and 1.12 ± 0.03, respectively (p < 0.05 male vs female for both comparisons). We conclude that certain salient gender differences in lipid metabolism can be assessed noninvasively by advanced MRS approaches.

scholarly journals Interactions of Cloud Proteins, Pectins and Pectinesterases in Flocculation of Citrus Cloud

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Shomer ◽  
Louise Wicker ◽  
Uzi Merin ◽  
William L. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Important Quality

The overall objective was to understand the cloud flocculation of citrus juice by characterization of the interactions between proteins and pectins, and to determine the role of PE isozymes in catalyzing this phenomenon. Specific objectives were to: 1. identify/characterize cloud-proteins in relation to their coagulable properties and affinity to pectins; 2. to determine structural changes of PME and other proteins induced by cation/pectin interactions; 3. localize cloud proteins, PME and bound protein/pectates in unheated and pasteurized juices; 4. to create "sensitized" pectins and determine their effect on clarification. The original objectives were not changed but the methods and approach were modified due to specific research requirements. Two i postulates were: 1. there is a specific interaction of cloud proteins with de-esterified regions of ! pectin and this contributes to cloud loss; 2. isozymes of pectin-methyl-esterase (PME) vary in efficiency to create sensitized pectins. The appearance of citrus fruit juice is an important quality factor and is determined by the color and turbidity that .are conferred by the suspended particles, i.e., by the cloud and its homogeneity. Under some circumstances the cloud tend to flocculate and the juice clarifies. The accepted approach to explain the clarification is based on pectin demethoxylation by PME that promotes formation of Ca-pectate. Therefore, the juice includes immediate heat-inactivation upon ~ squeezing. Protein coagulation also promotes cloud instability of citrus fruit extracts. However, the clarification mechanism is not fully understood. Information accumulated from several laboratories indicates that clarification is a more complex process than can be explained by a single mechanism. The increasing trend to consume natural-fresh juice emphasizing the importance of the knowledge to assure homogeneity of fresh juice. The research included complementary directions: Conditions that induce cloud-instability of natural- juice [IL]. Evaluate purification schemes of protein [USA]. Identifications of proteins, pectin and neutral sugars ([IL]; Structure of the cloud components using light and electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of PME, high-methoxyl-pectin (HMP) and low-methoxyl-pectin (LMP); Molecular weight of calcium sensitized pectins [US]; Evaluation of the products of PME activity [US]. Fractions and size distribution and cloud components [IL-US]. The optimal pH activity of PME is 7 and the flocculation pH of the cloud is 3-4. Thus, the c roles of PME, proteins and pectins in the cloud instability, were studied in pH ranges of 2- 7. The experiments led to establish firstly repeatable simulate conditions for cloud instability [IL]. Thermostable PME (TS-PE) known to induce cloud instability, but also thermolabile forms of PME (TL-PE) caused clarification, most likely due to the formation and dissolution of inactive :. PE-pectin complexes and displacement of a protective colloid from the cloud surface [US]. Furthermore, elimination of non-PME protein increases TS-PE activity, indicating that non-PME proteins moderate PME activity [US]. Other experiments Concomitantly with the study of the PME activity but promotes the association of cloud-proteins to pectin. Adjusting of the juice pH to f 7 retains the cloud stability and re-adjusting of the pH to 40% DE reacts to immuno-labeling in the cloud fragments, whereas

scholarly journals Emotion-modulated recall: Congruency effects of nonverbal facial and vocal cues on semantic recall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianne Constance Herrera-Bennett ◽  
Shermain Puah ◽  
Lisa Hasenbein ◽  
Dirk Wildgruber
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
Vocal Cues ◽  
Automatic Integration ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Verbal Content

The current study investigated whether automatic integration of crossmodal stimuli (i.e. facial emotions and emotional prosody) facilitated or impaired the intake and retention of unattended verbal content. The study borrowed from previous bimodal integration designs and included a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task, where subjects were instructed to identify the emotion of a face (as either ‘angry’ or ‘happy’) while ignoring a concurrently presented sentence (spoken in an angry, happy, or neutral prosody), after which a surprise recall was administered to investigate effects on semantic content retention. While bimodal integration effects were replicated (i.e. faster and more accurate emotion identification under congruent conditions), congruency effects were not found for semantic recall. Overall, semantic recall was better for trials with emotional (vs. neutral) faces, and worse in trials with happy (vs. angry or neutral) prosody. Taken together, our findings suggest that when individuals focus their attention on evaluation of facial expressions, they implicitly integrate nonverbal emotional vocal cues (i.e. hedonic valence or emotional tone of accompanying sentences), and devote less attention to their semantic content. While the impairing effect of happy prosody on recall may indicate an emotional interference effect, more research is required to uncover potential prosody-specific effects. All supplemental online materials can be found on OSF (https://osf.io/am9p2/).

scholarly journals The Tree of Emotions: Exploring the Relationships of Basic Human Emotions

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Magid Mohammed Isam Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Tree Model ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Human Emotions

Human emotions are complex in their nature and relationships to each other. Some authors, like Shaver et al. (2001) recognized different categories of human emotions which are not linked together, i.e. they don’t show how emotions in each category relate to other categories. As it would be a long and complex process to try and relate all the human emotions in a unified hierarchy, this paper deals with a restricted category of emotions known as the “basic emotions”. It will discuss how those emotions can be related to each other, which ones come first and which follow, and which are more “basic” than others. This can be extended to a wider range of emotions based on the tree model suggested.

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