Speech as a Biomarker: Opportunities, Interpretability, and Challenges

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vikram Ramanarayanan ◽  
Adam C. Lammert ◽  
Hannah P. Rowe ◽  
Thomas F. Quatieri ◽  
Jordan R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Digital Biomarkers

Purpose: Over the past decade, the signal processing and machine learning literature has demonstrated notable advancements in automated speech processing with the use of artificial intelligence for medical assessment and monitoring (e.g., depression, dementia, and Parkinson's disease, among others). Meanwhile, the clinical speech literature has identified several interpretable, theoretically motivated measures that are sensitive to abnormalities in the cognitive, linguistic, affective, motoric, and anatomical domains. Both fields have, thus, independently demonstrated the potential for speech to serve as an informative biomarker for detecting different psychiatric and physiological conditions. However, despite these parallel advancements, automated speech biomarkers have not been integrated into routine clinical practice to date. Conclusions: In this article, we present opportunities and challenges for adoption of speech as a biomarker in clinical practice and research. Toward clinical acceptance and adoption of speech-based digital biomarkers, we argue for the importance of several factors such as robustness, specificity, diversity, and physiological interpretability of speech analytics in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine: What’s New for Pediatrics? A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Egidio Barbi ◽  
Keira P. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Alternative Routes

Over the past few years, despite the lack of approved pediatric labelling, dexmedetomidine’s (DEX) use has become more prevalent in pediatric clinical practice as well as in research trials. Its respiratory-sparing effects and bioavailability by various routes are only some of the valued features of DEX. In recent years the potential organ-protective effects of DEX, with the possibility for preserving neurocognitive function, has put it in the forefront of clinical and bench research. This comprehensive review focused on the pediatric literature but presents relevant, supporting adult and animal studies in order to detail the recent growing body of literature around the pharmacology, end-organ effects, organ-protective effects, alternative routes of administration, synergetic effects, and clinical applications, with considerations for the future.

scholarly journals The use and performance of artificial intelligence applications in dental and maxillofacial radiology: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuofeng Hung ◽  
Carla Montalvao ◽  
Ray Tanaka ◽  
Taisuke Kawai ◽  
Michael M. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Maxillofacial Radiology ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
And Performance

Objectives: To investigate the current clinical applications and diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in dental and maxillofacial radiology (DMFR). Methods: Studies using applications related to DMFR to develop or implement AI models were sought by searching five electronic databases and four selected core journals in the field of DMFR. The customized assessment criteria based on QUADAS-2 were adapted for quality analysis of the studies included. Results: The initial electronic search yielded 1862 titles, and 50 studies were eventually included. Most studies focused on AI applications for an automated localization of cephalometric landmarks, diagnosis of osteoporosis, classification/segmentation of maxillofacial cysts and/or tumors, and identification of periodontitis/periapical disease. The performance of AI models varies among different algorithms. Conclusion: The AI models proposed in the studies included exhibited wide clinical applications in DMFR. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to further verify the reliability and applicability of the AI models prior to transferring these models into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Evolving Technologies in Gastrointestinal Microbiome Era and Their Potential Clinical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2565
Author(s):  
Abraham Ajayi ◽  
Tolulope Jolaiya ◽  
Stella Smith
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The human gastrointestinal microbiota (GIM) is a complex and diverse ecosystem that consists of community of fungi, viruses, protists and majorly bacteria. The association of several human illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergy, metabolic syndrome and cancers, have been linked directly or indirectly to compromise in the integrity of the GIM, for which some medical interventions have been proposed or attempted. This review highlights and gives update on various technologies, including microfluidics, high-through-put sequencing, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics and culture in GIM research and their applications in gastrointestinal microbiota therapy, with a view to raise interest in the evaluation, validation and eventual use of these technologies in diagnosis and the incorporation of therapies in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic aspects of celiac disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Kocsis ◽  
Nóra Béres ◽  
Gábor Veres ◽  
Dolóresz Szabó ◽  
Katalin Eszter Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Intensive Research

Genetic backround of coeliac disease has been subjects to intensive research since decades. However, only results of HLA phenotyping have been taken over to routine clinical practice. Meanwhile, data on the role of epigenetical factors in the manifestation of diseases have been emerging. In coeliac disease, there are several questions both in the fields of genetics and epigenetics yet to be answered. In this review, a cross section of current knowledge on these issues is presented with special interest regarding the future clinical applications. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(3), 83–88.

Diagnosis and Management of Cardiomyopathies – A Focus on Genetics, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Clinical Features

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Sinagra ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Giancarlo Vitrella ◽  
Marco Merlo ◽  
Rossana Bussani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Made In

In recent years, outstanding progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathies. Genetics is emerging as a primary point in the diagnosis and management of these diseases. However, molecular genetic analyses are not yet included in routine clinical practice, mainly because of their elevated costs and execution time. A patient-based and patient-oriented clinical approach, coupled with new imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance, can be of great help in selecting patients for molecular genetic analysis and is crucial for a better characterisation of these diseases. This article will specifically address clinical, magnetic resonance and genetic aspects of the diagnosis and management of cardiomyopathies.

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