Vowel and Diphthong Production by Young Users of Cochlear Implants and the Relationship Between the Phonetic Level Evaluation and Spontaneous Speech

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tye-Murray ◽  
Karen Iler Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Prelingual Deafness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This investigation assessed how the vowel and diphthong production of young users of cochlear implants varied over time and how performance on the Phonetic Level Evaluation (PLE, Ling, 1976) corresponded with vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speech. Eight children with prelingual deafness were tested with the PLE on five occasions: before receiving a Cochlear Corporation Nucleus cochlear implant and at the following points after receiving a cochlear implant: 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 or 36 months. An audiovideo recording of spontaneous speech was obtained at each test session. Performance on the PLE was scored with the scoring system designed by Kirk and Hill-Brown (1985). Performance during spontaneous speaking was scored by referencing a transcription of the spoken message to a transcription of the signed message. The correlations between the PLE and the spontaneous speech measures were weak, suggesting that performance on the PLE has low predictive value for vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speaking. The results from the spontaneous speech samples collected over time suggest that two changes occurred: (a) vowel and diphthong production became more diverse and (b) production became more accurate. It is suggested that increased access to formant information enables subjects to enlarge their system of phonological performance and refine their motoric ability to establish vowel and diphthong targets.

Exploring Technology Evolution Using Patent Classification: A Case of Cochlear Implant Technology Patents

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1740002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srigowtham Arunagiri ◽  
Mary Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Technology Evolution ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Dominant Classes ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Over Time

Understanding technology evolution through periodic landscaping is an important stage of strategic planning in R&D management. In fields like that of healthcare, where initial R&D investment is huge and good medical products serve patients better, activities of periodic landscaping become crucial for planning. Approximately 5% of the world’s population has hearing disabilities. Current hearing aid products meet less than 10% of the global needs. Patent data and classifications on cochlear implants from 1977–2010 show the technology evolution in the area of such an implant. We attempt to highlight emergence and disappearance of patent classes over a period of time indicating changes in growth of cochlear implant technologies. Using network analysis technique we explore and capture the technology evolution in patent classes by showing what emerged or disappeared over time. Dominant classes are identified. The sporadic influence of university research in cochlear implants is also discussed.

scholarly journals Basic Measures of Prosody in Spontaneous Speech of Children With Early and Late Cochlear Implantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3075-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan J. van de Velde ◽  
Johan H. M. Frijns ◽  
Mieke Beers ◽  
Vincent J. van Heuven ◽  
Claartje C. Levelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spectral Measures ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Over Time

PurposeRelative to normally hearing (NH) peers, the speech of children with cochlear implants (CIs) has been found to have deviations such as a high fundamental frequency, elevated jitter and shimmer, and inadequate intonation. However, two important dimensions of prosody (temporal and spectral) have not been systematically investigated. Given that, in general, the resolution in CI hearing is best for the temporal dimension and worst for the spectral dimension, we expected this hierarchy to be reflected in the amount of CI speech's deviation from NH speech. Deviations, however, were expected to diminish with increasing device experience.MethodOf 9 Dutch early- and late-implanted (division at 2 years of age) children and 12 hearing age-matched NH controls, spontaneous speech was recorded at 18, 24, and 30 months after implantation (CI) or birth (NH). Six spectral and temporal outcome measures were compared between groups, sessions, and genders.ResultsOn most measures, interactions of Group and/or Gender with Session were significant. For CI recipients as compared with controls, performance on temporal measures was not in general more deviant than spectral measures, although differences were found for individual measures. The late-implanted group had a tendency to be closer to the NH group than the early-implanted group. Groups converged over time.ConclusionsResults did not support the phonetic dimension hierarchy hypothesis, suggesting that the appropriateness of the production of basic prosodic measures does not depend on auditory resolution. Rather, it seems to depend on the amount of control necessary for speech production.

Genetic Causes of Hearing Loss in a Large Cohort of Cochlear Implant Recipients

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110213
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Seligman ◽  
A. Eliot Shearer ◽  
Kathy Frees ◽  
Carla Nishimura ◽  
Diana Kolbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding genetic causes of hearing loss can determine the pattern and course of a patient’s hearing loss and may also predict outcomes after cochlear implantation. Our goal in this study was to evaluate genetic causes of hearing loss in a large cohort of adults and children with cochlear implants. We performed comprehensive genetic testing on all patients undergoing cochlear implantation. Of the 459 patients included in the study, 128 (28%) had positive genetic testing. In total, 44 genes were identified as causative. The top 5 genes implicated were GJB2 (20, 16%), TMPRSS3 (13, 10%), SLC26A4 (10, 8%), MYO7A (9, 7%), and MT-RNR1 (7, 5%). Pediatric patients had a higher diagnostic rate. This study lays the groundwork for future studies evaluating the relationship between genetic variation and cochlear implant performance.

Examining the Relationship Between Speech Recognition and a Spectral–Temporal Test With a Mixed Group of Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1080
Author(s):  
Justin M. Aronoff ◽  
Leah Duitsman ◽  
Deanna K. Matusik ◽  
Senad Hussain ◽  
Elise Lippmann
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Audiology clinics have a need for a nonlinguistic test for assessing speech scores for patients using hearing aids or cochlear implants. One such test, the Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test Lite for computeRless Measurement (SLRM), has been developed for use in clinics, but it, as well as the related Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test, has primarily been assessed with cochlear implant users. The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship between SLRM and the Arizona Biomedical Institute Sentence Test (AzBio) for a mixed group of hearing aid and cochlear implant users. Method Adult hearing aid users and cochlear implant users were tested with SLRM, AzBio in quiet, and AzBio in multitalker babble with a +8 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Results SLRM scores correlated with both AzBio recognition scores in quiet and in noise. Conclusions The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between SLRM and AzBio scores when testing a mixed group of cochlear implant and hearing aid users. This suggests that SLRM may be a useful nonlinguistic test for use with individuals with a variety of hearing devices.

Reliability of cochlear implants

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maurer ◽  
Nicolaos Marangos ◽  
E. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Cumulative Survival ◽  
Indirect Trauma ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: The long-term reliability of cochlear implants over time is an important issue for patients and cochlear implant teams. The calculation of cumulative survival rates including all hard failures of cochlear implants is suitable to report objectively about cochlear implant reliability. METHODS: This is a report of 192 cochlear implants from different manufacturers in adults (n = 58) and children (n = 134). RESULTS: The overall cumulative implant survival rate was 91.7% for a period of 11 years. The main reasons for hard failures were design errors of the products and direct or indirect trauma to the cochlea implant site (especially in children) with consecutive breaks of the implant body or electrodes. CONCLUSIONS: To improve our knowledge about reliability of cochlear implants more studies on cumulative long time survival of cochlear implants are needed, where functional failures and complications for whatever reason (design, mechanical, electronic, medical) are included. Cochlear implant reliability data should be considered during the choice of an implant for each individual patient. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:746-50.)

Cochlear Implants: How “Team Work” Can Take the “Guess Work” Out of Patient Care

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Avanti Lal ◽  
Stacy Simek ◽  
Jennifer Still ◽  
Lisa Weber
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Comprehensive Care ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Team Model ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The Children's Memorial Hospital cochlear implant team believes an interdisciplinary approach is essential for the implementation of best practices when working with the pediatric cochlear implant population. Over time, we have developed a team model that builds relationships with members of the community to ensure comprehensive care for patients and their families.

Cochlear Implants in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Luxford ◽  
K. I. Berliner ◽  
L. S. Eisenberg ◽  
W. F. House
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Implant System ◽  
Over Time

The House 3M cochlear implant system is currently undergoing clinical trials in profoundly deaf children aged 2 through 18 years. Although the use of the implant in children continues to be controversial, the evidence to date indicates that this prosthesis can provide significant benefit for a selected population of profoundly deaf children. As of August 1985, a total of 189 children have received the cochlear implant. The majority of these children were deafened by bacterial meningitis. The children as a group show significant improvement of hearing performance and speech production abilities over time. Children implanted at a younger age (under 5 years) show an even more significant improvement in speech skills. Significantly improved speech production occurs in both the oral/aural children (most cases postlingually deaf) and the total communication children (most cases prelingually deaf). Psychological tests have shown improved performance on intelligence measures, perceptual motor tests, and academic achievement ratings. Surgical and postoperative complications have been minimal, with few measurable adverse effects.

The Effects of Behavioral Speech Therapy on Speech Sound Production With Adults Who Have Cochlear Implants

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances M. Pomaville ◽  
Chris N. Kladopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Therapy Program

Purpose In this study, the authors examined the treatment efficacy of a behavioral speech therapy protocol for adult cochlear implant recipients. Method The authors used a multiple-baseline, across-behaviors and -participants design to examine the effectiveness of a therapy program based on behavioral principles and methods to improve the production of target speech sounds in 3 adults with cochlear implants. The authors included probe items in a baseline protocol to assess generalization of target speech sounds to untrained exemplars. Pretest and posttest scores from the Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale, Third Revision (Arizona–3; Fudala, 2000) and measurement of speech errors during spontaneous speech were compared, providing additional measures of target behavior generalization. Results The results of this study provided preliminary evidence supporting the overall effectiveness and efficiency of a behavioral speech therapy program in increasing percent correct speech sound production in adult cochlear implant recipients. The generalization of newly trained speech skills to untrained words and to spontaneous speech was demonstrated. Conclusion These preliminary findings support the application of behavioral speech therapy techniques for training speech sound production in adults with cochlear implants. Implications for future research and the development of aural rehabilitation programs for adult cochlear implant recipients are discussed.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

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