Swallow Stronger and Safer: Past, Present, and Future of the SwallowSTRONG Device

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
JoAnne Robbins ◽  
Jackie Hind
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Bolus Transit ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Swallowing Rehabilitation ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration

This article discusses oropharyngeal strengthening for swallowing rehabilitation in adults. Reduced oropharyngeal strength is common in older adults and adults with age-related medical conditions resulting in less effective bolus transit and increased risk of aspiration. Specific information is presented regarding scientific and theoretical basis (past), development of devices to facilitate and evidence supporting oropharyngeal strengthening (present), and areas requiring further study (future).

HIV is associated with an increased risk of age-related clonal hematopoiesis among older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila J. Dharan ◽  
Paul Yeh ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Miriam M. Yeung ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clonal Hematopoiesis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Yunshu Zhou ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Elham Mahmoudi ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p <0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p<.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p<.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

Physical and Cognitive Activity and Exercise for Older Adults: A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitive Exercise ◽  
System Resilience

Age-related reduction in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system resilience can result in wide-ranging limitations in adaptive capacity associated with negative outcomes such as cognitive decline, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, mobility problems, and increased incidence of debilitating falls. This article reviews the benefits of both cognitive and physical activity within the broad context of multiple system resilience in adult aging. Research on a unique form of combined physical/cognitive exercise, Tai Chi Chuan, is presented. The relationship between physiological and psychological gain associated with an activity intervention program is discussed in light of principles of rehabilitation, intervention compliance, subjective and objective gain, and the hypothesized value of combining physical exercise, cognitive exercise, and relaxation into a single program designed to promote resilience in older adults.

Changes in the Dynamic Stability of Walking in Active Healthy Older Adults Independent of Changes in Walking Speed

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Gu Kang ◽  
Jonathan B. Dingwell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Walking Speeds

Older adults commonly walk slower, which many believe helps improve their walking stability. However, they remain at increased risk of falls. We investigated how differences in age and walking speed independently affect dynamic stability during walking, and how age-related changes in leg strength and ROM affected this relationship. Eighteen active healthy older and 17 younger adults walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes each at each of 5 speeds (80–120% of preferred). Local divergence exponents and maximum Floquet multipliers (FM) were calculated to quantify each subject’s responses to small inherent perturbations during walking. These older adults exhibited the same preferred walking speeds as the younger subjects (p = 0.860). However, these older adults still exhibited greater local divergence exponents (p<0.0001) and higher maximum FM (p<0.007) than young adults at all walking speeds. These older adults remained more unstable (p<0.04) even after adjusting for declines in both strength and ROM. In both age groups, local divergence exponents decreased at slower speeds and increased at faster speeds (p<0.0001). Maximum FM showed similar changes with speed (p<0.02). The older adults in this study were healthy enough to walk at normal speeds. However, these adults were still more unstable than the young adults, independent of walking speed. This greater instability was not explained by loss of leg strength and ROM. Slower speeds led to decreased instability in both groups.

scholarly journals Aging, Resistance Training, and Diabetes Prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Flack ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Richard A. Winett ◽  
Madlyn I. Frisard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

With the aging of the baby-boom generation and increases in life expectancy, the American population is growing older. Aging is associated with adverse changes in glucose tolerance and increased risk of diabetes; the increasing prevalence of diabetes among older adults suggests a clear need for effective diabetes prevention approaches for this population. The purpose of paper is to review what is known about changes in glucose tolerance with advancing age and the potential utility of resistance training (RT) as an intervention to prevent diabetes among middle-aged and older adults. Age-related factors contributing to glucose intolerance, which may be improved with RT, include improvements in insulin signaling defects, reductions in tumor necrosis factor-α, increases in adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, and reductions in total and abdominal visceral fat. Current RT recommendations and future areas for investigation are presented.

scholarly journals Adequate vitamin B12 and riboflavin status from menus alone in residential care facilities in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyly C. Whitfield ◽  
Liz da Silva ◽  
Fabio Feldman ◽  
Sonia Singh ◽  
Adrian McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Residential Care Facilities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Riboflavin Status

Older adults have potential increased risk of nutrient deficiencies because of age-related decreased dietary intake and malabsorption; it is important to ensure nutrient needs are met to avoid adverse health outcomes. B vitamins are of particular interest: vitamin B12 deficiency can cause irreversible neurodegeneration; there is mandatory folic acid fortification in Canada; and suboptimal riboflavin status has been reported among older adults in the United Kingdom. In this exploratory secondary analysis study we assessed vitamin B12 and riboflavin biochemical status (via microparticle enzyme immunoassay and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRac), respectively), and the vitamin B12, riboflavin, and folate content of menus served to a convenience sample of older adults (≥65 years) from 5 residential care facilities within the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Diet was assessed from customized 28-day cycle meal plans. Participants (n = 207; 53 men and 154 women) were aged 86 ± 7 years, largely of European descent (92%), and nonsmokers (95%). The menus served had a low prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin B12 and riboflavin (only 4% and 1% of menus contained less than the estimated average requirement (EAR), respectively), but 93% contained less than the EAR for folate. Mean ± SD serum total vitamin B12 concentration was 422 ± 209 pmol/L, and EGRac was 1.30 ± 0.19. The majority of older adults in residential care were provided with adequate vitamin B12 and riboflavin menu amounts, and only 5% were vitamin B12 deficient (<148 pmol/L). However, 26% were riboflavin deficient (EGRac ≥ 1.4), which may warrant further investigation.

Sleep disturbances in adults with frailty and sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Reona Chiba ◽  
Yuki Ohashi ◽  
Akiko Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Several epidemiological studies have reported an age-related increase in the prevalence of sleep disturbances. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep and sarcopenia/frailty in older adults and clarify issues that remain to be addressed in future studies. Design/methodology/approach PubMed was searched for relevant studies with the following keywords in the title: “sleep” and “sarcopenia” or “sleep” and “frailty.” A total of 15 studies published in English between 1998 and 2018 were reviewed. Findings Among the four studies that examined the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep, two reported that long or short sleep duration increased the risk of sarcopenia and this association was more pronounced in women than men. Among the seven studies examining the relationship between frailty and sleep, four reported that higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were associated with an increased risk of frailty. Practical implications Most previous studies have focused on interventions targeting a single area such as muscle strength or exercise habits, in older adults at risk for frailty. The results suggest that interventions targeting improved sleep may positively impact the maintenance of muscle strength. Originality/value The literature review revealed that too much or too little sleep increases the risk of sarcopenia in older adults. Further, sleep deprivation, greater night-time wakefulness and reduced sleep quality increase the risk of frailty. Interestingly, the risk of mortality is increased in individuals with daytime functional disorders such as excessive drowsiness or napping habits.

scholarly journals Optimising the acceptability and feasibility of acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lawrence ◽  
Kate Kimona ◽  
Robert J Howard ◽  
Marc A Serfaty ◽  
Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is common in later life with a prevalence of 3–12%. Many only partially respond to cognitive behavioural therapy or pharmacotherapy and can be classified as treatment resistant. These patients experience poor quality of life, and are at increased risk of comorbid depression, falls and loneliness. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an emerging therapy, which may be particularly suited to this population, but has not been tailored to their needs. Objectives to optimise the acceptability and feasibility of ACT for older adults with treatment-resistant GAD. Design a person-based approach to ground the adapted ACT intervention in the perspectives and lives of those who will use it. Methods first, we conducted qualitative interviews with 15 older adults with GAD and 36 healthcare professionals to develop guiding principles to inform the intervention. Second, we consulted service users and clinical experts and interviewed the same 15 older adults using ‘think aloud’ techniques to enhance its acceptability and feasibility. Results in Stage 1, older adults’ concerns and needs were categorised in four themes: ‘Expert in one’s own condition’, ‘Deep seated coping strategies’, ‘Expert in therapy’ and ‘Support with implementation’. In Stage 2, implications for therapy were identified that included an early focus on values and ACT as a collaborative partnership, examining beliefs around ‘self as worrier’ and the role of avoidance, validating and accommodating individuals’ knowledge and experience and compensating for age-related cognitive changes. Discussion Our systematic approach combined rigour and transparency to develop a therapeutic intervention tailored to the specific needs of older adults with treatment-resistant GAD.

scholarly journals Mouse modeling for anxiety disorders in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Martin Darvas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Mouse Modeling

Anxiety disorders are common in older adults and are strongly associated with increased risk for numerous age-related conditions. Preclinical mechanistic data are needed to identify more specific therapeutic targets for treating and preventing these disorders. Mice serve as excellent preclinical models as they have been used extensively in aging studies, and behavioral tests have been developed. A panel of tests would capture the important clinical aspects of apathy, anxiety, and psychomotor behavior and allow longitudinal testing strategies in a rigorous and minimally stressful manner.

scholarly journals The Impact of Focusing on Different Features During Encoding on Young and Older Adults’ Source Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Mitchell ◽  
Erin M. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experienced Difficulty

AbstractAge-related source memory deficits result, in part, because young and older adults attend to different information. We asked whether focusing young and older adults‘ attention on specific features at encoding would result in similar subjective experiences of the vividness of the features and how this might affect source memory. Ratings of the vividness of visual detail, emotion, and associations were similar for young and older adults both when they were perceiving pictures and when they were thinking about them after a brief delay. Although young adults had better source memory than older adults, source accuracy did not differ depending on feature attended, and correlations between ratings and source memory showed that focus on the different types of information was equally predictive of source memory accuracy for young and older adults. Although preliminary, the results suggest that when attention is focused on specific information at encoding, young and older adults later use the various categories of source-specifying information similarly in making source attributions. Nevertheless, older adults did worse on the source test, suggesting they had less discriminable source information overall, this information was not well bound, and/or they experienced difficulty in strategic retrieval and monitoring processes.

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