Sleep disturbances in adults with frailty and sarcopenia

Purpose Several epidemiological studies have reported an age-related increase in the prevalence of sleep disturbances. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep and sarcopenia/frailty in older adults and clarify issues that remain to be addressed in future studies. Design/methodology/approach PubMed was searched for relevant studies with the following keywords in the title: “sleep” and “sarcopenia” or “sleep” and “frailty.” A total of 15 studies published in English between 1998 and 2018 were reviewed. Findings Among the four studies that examined the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep, two reported that long or short sleep duration increased the risk of sarcopenia and this association was more pronounced in women than men. Among the seven studies examining the relationship between frailty and sleep, four reported that higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were associated with an increased risk of frailty. Practical implications Most previous studies have focused on interventions targeting a single area such as muscle strength or exercise habits, in older adults at risk for frailty. The results suggest that interventions targeting improved sleep may positively impact the maintenance of muscle strength. Originality/value The literature review revealed that too much or too little sleep increases the risk of sarcopenia in older adults. Further, sleep deprivation, greater night-time wakefulness and reduced sleep quality increase the risk of frailty. Interestingly, the risk of mortality is increased in individuals with daytime functional disorders such as excessive drowsiness or napping habits.

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Effect of Sleep Quality on the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2156 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias ◽

Raquel Rodríguez-Fernández ◽

Luis Andreu ◽

Luis M. Martínez-Aranda ◽

Alejandro Martínez-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Related Condition ◽

Age Related ◽

Inadequate Sleep

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia may increase due to a range of other factors, such as sleep quality/duration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults based on their self-reported sleep duration. Methods: Three electronic databases were used—PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We included studies that measured the prevalence of sarcopenia, divided according to sleep quality and excluded studies (a) involving populations with neuromuscular pathologies, (b) not showing prevalence values (cases/control) on sarcopenia, and (c) not including classificatory models to determine sleep quality. Results: high prevalence values in older adults with both long and short sleep duration were shown. However, prevalence values were higher in those with inadequate sleep (<6–8 h or low efficiency) (OR 0.76; 95% CI (0.70–0.83); Q = 1.446; p = 0.695; test for overall effect, Z = 6.01, p < 0.00001). Likewise, higher prevalence levels were shown in men (OR 1.61; 95% CI (0.82–3.16); Q = 11.80; p = 0.0189) compared to women (OR 0.77; 95% CI (0.29–2.03); Q = 21.35; p = 0.0003). Therefore, the prevalence of sarcopenia appears to be associated with sleep quality, with higher prevalence values in older adults who have inadequate sleep.

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0866 A Comparison Of Resting Cerebral Blood Flow And Sleep Quality In Older Adults

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.862 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A330-A330

Author(s):

C C Hays ◽

E A Almklov ◽

H J Orff ◽

C E Wierenga

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Future Research ◽

Aging Brain ◽

Time Interval ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances have been linked to a variety of health-related consequences, including clinically significant cognitive alterations. Older adults represent a particularly vulnerable population given that advanced age is associated with an increased risk for both sleep disorders, such as insomnia, and cognitive decline. Examining the relationship between resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and sleep quality in older adults will better our understanding of the neurophysiologic implications of poor sleep in aging adults. Methods Thirty-three cognitively normal older adults (15 males) between the ages of 65-85 (mean age=73) were administered the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and underwent assessment of rCBF using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Those who scored above 5 on the PSQI were defined as poor sleepers (n=17) and those who scored 5 or below were defined as good sleepers (n=16). Groups were then compared on voxel-wise whole-brain rCBF using independent samples t-tests statistically adjusting for age, sex, and the time interval between neuroimaging and sleep assessment. Results Compared to good sleepers, poor sleepers exhibited higher rCBF within bilateral thalamus and the left precuneus and lower rCBF within the left putamen (all ps<.01, uncorrected). Conclusion In this preliminary investigation, poor sleepers exhibited a differential pattern of rCBF in several brain regions, including those involved in consciousness and other important cognitive abilities such as attention. Future research is needed to determine the short- and long-term implications of poor sleep on the aging brain. Support U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service Merit Award 5I01CX000565 (CEW) & VA Rehabilitation Research & Development - Career Development Award - RX001512-01A2 (HJO)

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P047 Sleep and diet in older adults: what do we know and what do we need to find out?

SLEEP Advances ◽

10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A36-A37

Author(s):

C Gupta ◽

C Irwin ◽

G Vincent ◽

S Khaleesi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

Population Demographic ◽

The Impact

Abstract Older adults experience reduced sleep quality and quantity more frequently than younger adults. Inadequate sleep in older adults has been linked to several adverse outcomes such as poor psychological and physical health, cognitive impairments, increased risk of falls, lower quality of life, and greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Diet is one modifiable lifestyle factor that may influence sleep outcomes. The purpose of this review was to synthesise the current literature investigating the impact of diet, including foods and nutrients, on sleep quality and quantity in older adults (defined as >50 years based on age-related changes in sleep quality and quantity that begin age 50). A systematic search of four databases identified 17 articles for inclusion (observational (n=8) and interventional (n=9) studies). Overall, findings suggest that following a Mediterranean diet, consuming milk, fish, bean and egg products, cherries, vitamin D and vitamin E have demonstrated some efficacy in improving sleep outcomes in this population demographic. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies (i.e. aims, methodologies, outcomes assessed), it is difficult to consolidate the available evidence to make specific recommendations. However, this review describes dietary factors that show promise for improving sleep outcomes in older adults. More targeted research exploring the relationship between dietary factors and sleep outcomes in older adults is needed to strengthen the current evidence base. This presentation will provide a much-needed research agenda that includes a need for more randomised control trials that employ rigorous dietary assessments and objective measures of sleep.

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Improving night-time sleep with hypnotic suggestions

10.1101/277566 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maren Jasmin Cordi ◽

Laurent Rossier ◽

Björn Rasch

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Well Being ◽

Night Time ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Age Related ◽

Improve Sleep Quality ◽

Hypnotic Suggestions

AbstractSlow-wave sleep (SWS) is fundamental for maintaining our health and well-being, and SWS is typically reduced in stress-related sleep disturbances and age-related sleep disorders. We have previously reported that exposure to hypnotic suggestions before sleep effectively increases the duration of SWS during a midday nap in younger and older women suggestible for hypnosis.However, it remains unclear whether this beneficial effect of hypnosis on SWS can be generalized to night-time sleep and men. Therefore, we tested the effect of the hypnotic suggestions on SWS across an 8 hours night-time sleeping interval in 43 healthy young French-speaking subjects (19 males) of high and low suggestibility. In accordance with our previous results, listening to hypnotic suggestions before sleep increased the amount of SWS in highly suggestible subjects significantly by 13 min compared to a control condition in both genders. Particularly in the first hour, slow-wave activity was significantly increased after hypnosis as compared to the control night in high suggestible. The hypnosis-induced benefits on objective sleep parameters were also reflected in increased subjective sleep quality ratings. Our results demonstrate that hypnotic suggestions are an effective tool to deepen sleep and improve sleep quality also across a whole night of sleep in young healthy men and women. Our findings provide an important basis for the examination and potential application of hypnosis to improve deep sleep in populations with sleep disturbances.

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Exploring the relationship between sleep quality, emotional well-being and aggression levels in a European sample

Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research ◽

10.1108/jacpr-08-2016-0239 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 167-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lara Freitag ◽

Jane L. Ireland ◽

Isabella J.M. Niesten

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Content Type ◽

Sleep Quantity ◽

The Relationship

Purpose Sleep deprivation is well known to negatively affect mood, cognition and behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between sleep quantity, subjective sleep quality and aggression, hostility and well-being levels among adults in a non-clinical population. Design/methodology/approach In total, 201 participants aged 18 and above from Germany, UK and the Netherlands completed an online survey consisting of a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index along with measures of psychological well-being, implicit and explicit aggression, and intent attributions. Findings Sleep disturbances were related to decreased levels of psychological well-being. Subjective poor sleep quality predicted increased hostile attributions. The overall sleep experience, however, was not associated with aggression levels. Nevertheless, both a poor sleep experience and low sleep quality were related to increased reactive aggression, but only in British participants. Practical implications The importance of perceived sleep quality rather than sleep quantity in predicting hostile and aggressive behaviours is indicated. The quality of sleep and perception of this quality should be the focus of clinical intervention to limit unwanted behavioural impacts. The importance of accounting for sleep quality perception in intervention that examines attributional biases such as hostility is indicated. Differences across countries should be identified and accommodated for in intervention. Originality/value This is the first study to consider a role for sleep quality (including perception) and sleep quantity in relation to aggression and hostility in a cross-country European sample.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMART PHONE USAGE AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISSTRESS AMONG STUDENTS

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2017.4.19 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

Minh Tam Nguyen ◽

Phuc Thanh Nhan Nguyen ◽

Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

University Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

School Students ◽

The Relationship

The increasing use of smartphone among young people is creating negative effects and is an important public health problem in many countries. Smartphone abuse and addiction may cause physical and psychological disorders among users. However, the awarenes on this issue has been inadequate due to lacking of evidence. Objectives: To describe the current situation of smartphone using among students at highschools and universities in Hue city and to examine the relationship between smartphone using and sleep disturbances and psychological disstress among participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a randomly selected sample of 1,150 students at highschools and universities in Hue city. SAS-SV scale was used to evaluate phone addiction status, K10 scale was used for psychological distress assessment and PSQI scale was used to examine the sleep quality. Results: The proportion of students at highschools and universities having smartphones was 78.0%. The rate of smartphone addiction among high school students was 49.1% and that among university students was 43.7%. There was 57.3% of high school students had poor sleep quality, and that of university students was 51.6%. There was a statistically significant association between smartphone addiction and sleep disturbances and psychological disstress among participants (p <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of smartphone addiction among students at highschools and universities is alarming and is related to sleep disturbances and psychological disstress among participants. There is a strong call to develop intervention to help students to aware and manage the use of smartphone effectively.

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165 Sex differences in the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and frailty in South Florida older adult outpatients

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A67-A67

Author(s):

Sonya Kaur ◽

Katalina McInerney ◽

Mitchell Slugh ◽

Annelly Bure ◽

Marina Sarno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Brain Research ◽

Functional Independence ◽

South Florida ◽

Left Hand ◽

Depression Status ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Frailty, a multidimensional construct of decreased reserve is an important predictor of functional independence and quality of life in older adults. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting reduced sleep efficiency and sleep duration predicts frailty in older adults. However, the sex differences in these relationships have been understudied. Methods 253 participants (163) ranging in age from 50-92 years (mean= 67.59 years, S.D.= 9.22 years), underwent frailty assessment and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Statistical moderation was assessed using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models statistically controlled for age, education and depression status. Results Higher scores on the PSQI predicted higher levels of fatigue (β=1.87, 95% CI= 0.48-3.27) and higher grip strength with the left hand (β= 0.81, 95% CI= 0.85-1.53). These relationships were significantly moderated by sex (β=-0.77, p=0.05 & β=-0.52, p=0.01). Specifically, high scores on the PSQI predicted more fatigue stronger grip strength in men (β=1.11, 95% CI=0.41-1.81) and weaker grip strength in women (β=-0.25, 95% CI=-0.51--0.02). There was no association between scores on the ESS and any of the frailty measures. Conclusion The relationships between PSQI scores and measures of fatigue and grip strength were statistically moderated by sex. These differences are not explained by sex differences in overall sleep quality or baseline frailty. This is consistent with the literature emphasizing sex differences in the effects of risk/lifestyle factors. It is possible that the relationship between sleep quality and frailty is altered by additional hormonal factors and warrant further investigation. Support (if any) This research was supported by the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation

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Elevated plasma growth and differentiation factor 15 predicts incident anemia in older adults aged 60 years and older

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa324 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuko Yamaguchi ◽

Marta Zampino ◽

Toshiko Tanaka ◽

Stefania Bandinelli ◽

Yusuke Osawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Differentiation Factor ◽

Hazards Model ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Anemia is common in older adults and associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The causes of anemia in older adults have not been completely characterized. Although elevated circulating growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with anemia in older adults, it is not known whether elevated GDF-15 predicts the development of anemia. Methods We examined the relationship between plasma GDF-15 concentrations at baseline in 708 non-anemic adults, aged 60 years and older, with incident anemia during 15 years of follow-up among participants in the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study. Results During follow-up, 179 (25.3%) participants developed anemia. The proportion of participants who developed anemia from the lowest to highest quartile of plasma GDF-15 was 12.9%, 20.1%, 21.2%, and 45.8%, respectively. Adults in the highest quartile of plasma GDF-15 had an increased risk of developing anemia (Hazards Ratio 1.15, 95% Confidence Interval 1.09, 1.21, P<.0001) compared to those in the lower three quartiles in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, serum iron, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, vitamin B12, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Conclusions Circulating GDF-15 is an independent predictor for the development of anemia in older adults.

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