scholarly journals Motion Sickness and Migraine: Optokinetic Stimulation Increases Scalp Tenderness, Pain Sensitivity in the Fingers and Photophobia

Cephalalgia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Nociceptive Pathways ◽  
General Influence

The aim of this study was to determine whether scalp tenderness and photophobia, two well-recognized symptoms of migraine, develop during the motion sickness induced by optokinetic stimulation. To investigate whether motion sickness has a general influence on pain perception, pain was also assessed in the fingertips. After optokinetic stimulation, nausea increased more and headache persisted longer in 21 migraine sufferers than in 15 non-headache controls. Scalp tenderness increased during optokinetic stimulation in nauseated subjects, and pain in the fingertips increased more and photophobia persisted longer in migraine sufferers than controls. These findings suggest that the disturbance responsible for nausea also sensitizes trigeminal nociceptive neurones or releases inhibitory controls on their discharge. A low nausea threshold and a propensity for sensitization to develop rapidly in nociceptive pathways may increase susceptibility to migraine.

Reduction in Pain Sensitivity from Pharmacological Elevation of Blood Pressure in Persons with Chronically Low Blood Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Duschek ◽  
Heike Heiss ◽  
Boriana Buechner ◽  
Rainer Schandry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
Present Trial

Recent studies have revealed evidence for increased pain sensitivity in individuals with chronically low blood pressure. The present trial explored whether pain sensitivity can be reduced by pharmacological elevation of blood pressure. Effects of the sympathomimetic midodrine on threshold and tolerance to heat pain were examined in 52 hypotensive persons (mean blood pressure 96/61 mmHg) based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Heat stimuli were applied to the forearm via a contact thermode. Confounding of drug effects on pain perception with changes in skin temperature, temperature sensitivity, and mood were statistically controlled for. Compared to placebo, higher pain threshold and tolerance, increased blood pressure, as well as reduced heart rate were observed under the sympathomimetic condition. Increases in systolic blood pressure between points of measurement correlated positively with increases in pain threshold and tolerance, and decreases in heart rate were associated with increases in pain threshold. The findings underline the causal role of hypotension in the augmented pain sensitivity related to this condition. Pain reduction as a function of heart rate decrease suggests involvement of a baroreceptor-related mechanism in the pain attrition. The increased proneness of persons with chronic hypotension toward clinical pain is discussed.

scholarly journals Pain Sensitivity in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Narrative Review of Recent Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Alexandre González-Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Labad ◽  
Mary V. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Sensory Threshold ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Constant Pain ◽  
Search For Information

Many patients with schizophrenia seem relatively immune to physical pain while others complain of constant pain. This may result from disturbances or alterations of the sensory threshold for pain in populations with psychosis, a possibility for which there is some preliminary evidence. The inconsistency in pain perception may, in part, be explained by the treatments patients receive, but treatment-naïve patients also exhibit differences in response to pain. This suggests that decreased pain sensitivity may represent a specific psychosis endophenotype. Thus far, few experimental studies have investigated sensory thresholds, pain modalities, or other factors contributing to the perception or expression of physical pain in psychosis. A digital search for information on this topic was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. The result is a non-systematic, narrative review focusing on recent clinical and experimental findings of pain sensitivity in patients with psychosis. Importantly, physical and mental pain are closely connected constructs that may be difficult to differentiate. Our hope is that the review provides some clarity to the field in the specific context of schizophrenia.

Perceived Sensitivity to Pain and Responsiveness to Non-noxious Sensation in Substance Use Disorder

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1902-1912
Author(s):  
Naama Assayag ◽  
Yoram Bonneh ◽  
Shula Parush ◽  
Haim Mell ◽  
Ricky Kaplan Neeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensory Responsiveness

Abstract Objective This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to characterize individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) in self-perception of pain sensitivity, experimental auditory aversiveness, and non-noxious sensory responsiveness, as well as examine the associations with SUD. Methods Therapeutic community (TC) individuals with SUD (N = 63, male 88.9%) and healthy controls (N = 60, male 86.7%) completed the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire–Intensity Scale (SRQ-IS), followed by a psychophysical auditory battery, the Battery of Averseness to Sounds (BAS)–Revised. Results The SUD group scored higher on the PSQ (P < 0.0001), BAS-R aversiveness (P < 0.0001), BAS-R-unpleasantness (P < 0.0001), and on the aftersensation of auditory aversiveness (P < 0.0001) and unpleasantness (P < 0.000). Fifty-four percent of the SUD group vs 11.7% of the control group were identified as having sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD; P < 0.0001). Logistic regression modeling revealed that the SRQ-IS-Aversive score had a stronger relationship, indicating a 12.6-times odds ratio for SUD (P = 0.0002). Finally, a risk score calculated from a linear combination of the logistic regression model parameters is presented based on the PSQ and SRQ. Conclusions This is the first study to explore sensory and aversive domains using experimental and self-reporting in situ, revealing pain perception alteration that co-occurs with high prevalence of SMD, specifically of the over-responsive type. Findings may be significant in clinical practice for treating pain, and for expanding therapeutic modalities as part of broader rehabilitation in TC and beyond, to better meet personalized therapy.

A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and pain perception – Part 2: Do biopsychosocial factors alter pain sensitivity differently in women and men?

Pain ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Racine ◽  
Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme ◽  
Lorie A. Kloda ◽  
Dominique Dion ◽  
Gilles Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception

Correlation Between Heart Rate and the Severity of Motion Sickness Caused by Optokinetic Stimulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Holmes ◽  
Michael J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

Heart rate has been reported to increase during nausea and has therefore been used as an indicator of motion sickness. However, the relationship between heart rate and subjective ratings of motion sickness has received little attention, and the autonomic origins of any increase in heart rate during motion sickness are unknown. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability can quantify the degree of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, as reflected by the low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power components, and the ratio of LF:HF power (“autonomic balance”). This experiment investigated changes in heart rate and heart rate variability prior to and during the development of nausea. Forty subjects (20 male, 20 female) sat within an optokinetic drum (a visual stimulus) rotating at 5 rpm for a maximum of 32 minutes. Heart rates, measures of heart rate variability, and ratings of sickness were recorded during a resting pre-exposure period and during optokinetic stimulation. Heart rates increased significantly with increasing subjective ratings of sickness (P < .001). This appeared to be attributable to a net increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart, (P < .05). Sickness ratings were greater for females than males (P = .09), consistent with a significantly greater history of motion sickness reported by females than males over the previous 12 months (P < .02). The findings suggest that a simple measure of heart rate may be a useful indicator of small changes in the degree of sickness that can be of interest in motion sickness research.

Pain processing in Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2130-2130
Author(s):  
O. Bonnot ◽  
S. Tordjman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Expression ◽  
Endogenous Analgesia

We will propose a critical review of the scientific literature regarding pain and schizophrenia, examine the empirical basis for the reported pain insensitivity of schizophrenia, and emphasize the distinction between behavioral responses to pain or self-reported pain and physiological response to painful stimuli. Litterature is scarse and could be classified in 4 groups: case reports (n = 9), clinical studies (n = 23), experimental research (n = 20) and review articles (n = 5).The analysis of Case reports and clinical studies show reduced pain reactivity in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls or other psychiatric patients. In the same vein, experimental studies using self-report measures of pain reactivity generally reported higher pain perception thresholds in patients with schizophrenia. However, the only experimental study using a neurophysiological measure of pain reactivity (the nociceptive RIII reflex) demonstrated a normal pain threshold in schizophrenia.Review of clinical and experimental data indicates that in most situations behavioral pain reactivity and self-reported responses to pain are reduced in schizophrenia. However, there is little or no physiological evidence supporting pain insensitivity in schizophrenia. It can be suggested that the widely accepted notion of reduced pain sensitivity in schizophrenia is related more to a different mode of pain expression than to a real endogenous analgesia. We will also present preliminary data on pain sensitivity associating behavioural pain reactivity measurements, "objective" electrophysiological assessments and neurovegetative function recordings. Our results are in the line of the literature and strongly suggest that there is no analgesia in schizophrenia but a different mode of pain expression.

scholarly journals Exposure to Virtual Social Stimuli Modulates Subjective Pain Reports

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e103-e108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M Vigil ◽  
Daniel Torres ◽  
Alexander Wolff ◽  
Katy Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Health Care Practitioner ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Patient Pain ◽  
Pain Reports

BACKGROUND: Contextual factors, including the gender of researchers, influence experimental and patient pain reports. It is currently not known how social stimuli influence pain percepts, nor which types of sensory modalities of communication, such as auditory, visual or olfactory cues associated with person perception and gender processing, produce these effects.OBJECTIVES: To determine whether exposure to two forms of social stimuli (audio and visual) from a virtual male or female stranger modulates cold pressor task (CPT) pain reports.METHODS: Participants with similar demographic characteristics conducted a CPT in solitude, without the physical presence of an experimenter or another person. During the CPT, participants were exposed to the voice and image of a virtual male or female stranger. The voices had analogous vocal prosody, provided no semantic information (spoken in a foreign language) and differed only in pitch; the images depicted a middle-age male or female health care practitioner.RESULTS: Male participants, but not females, showed higher CPT pain intensity when they were exposed to the female stimuli compared with the male stimuli. Follow-up analyses showed that the association between the social stimuli and variability in pain sensitivity was not moderated by individual differences in subjective (eg, self-image) or objective measurements of one’s physical stature.DISCUSSION: The findings show that exposure to virtual, gender-based auditory and visual social stimuli influences exogenous pain sensitivity.CONCLUSION: Further research on how contextual factors, such as the vocal properties of health care examiners and exposure to background voices, may influence momentary pain perception is necessary for creating more standardized methods for measuring patient pain reports in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Pain Perception and Response: Central Nervous System Mechanisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Nociceptive Pathways ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Autonomic Motor ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pathological Pain ◽  
Noxious Stimuli

ABSTRACT:Although several decades of studies have detailed peripheral and ascending nociceptive pathways to the thalamus and cerebral cortex, pain is a symptom that has remained difficult to characterize anatomically and physiologically. Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) have recently demonstrated a number of cerebral and brain stem loci responding to cutaneous noxious stimuli. However, intersubject variability, both in the frequency and increased or decreased intensity of the responses, has caused uncertainty as to their significance. Nevertheless, the large number of available imaging studies have shown that many areas with recognized functions are frequently affected by painful stimuli. With this evidence and recent developments in tracing central nervous system connections between areas responding to noxious stimuli, it is possible to identify nociceptive pathways that are within, or contribute to, afferent spinothalamo-cortical sensory and efferent skeletomotor and autonomic motor systems. In this study it is proposed that cortical and nuclear mechanisms for pain perception and response are hierarchically arranged with the prefrontal cortex at its highest level. Nevertheless, all components make particular contributions without which certain nociceptive failures can occur, as in pathological pain arising in some cases of nervous system injury.

scholarly journals Preoperative Pain Sensitivity and Its Correlation with Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Abrishami ◽  
Joshua Chan ◽  
Frances Chung ◽  
Jean Wong ◽  
David S. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
Thermal Pressure ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Pain Stimuli

Pain perception to minor physical stimuli has been hypothesized to be related to subsequent pain ratings after surgery. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the correlation between preoperative pain sensitivity and postoperative pain intensity. After a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and meeting abstracts, we identified 15 studies (n = 948 patients) with univariate and/or multivariate analysis on the topic. In these studies, three types of pain stimuli were applied: thermal, pressure, and electrical pain. The intensity of suprathreshold heat pain (i.e., pain beyond patient threshold) was most consistently shown to correlate with postoperative pain. The most common limitation of the included studies was the method of statistical analysis and lack of multivariate analysis. More research is required to establish the correlation of other pain sensitivity variables with postoperative pain outcomes.

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