Perfusion Changes with Photic Stimulation During two Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study Comparing Controls and True Menstrual Migraine Patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Ances ◽  
JA Detre
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Photic Stimulation ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Significant Difference

This pilot study investigated the effect of menstrual cycle phase (late luteal and mid-follicular) on cerebral perfusion changes during photic stimulation in both controls ( n = 5) and true menstrual migraine patients ( n = 5). No significant differences in resting baseline perfusion were observed between the two groups during either phase of the menstrual cycle. During the late luteal phase, changes in perfusion within the occipital lobe due to photic stimulation were similar for both groups. However, during the mid-follicular phase, occipital perfusion during visual stimulation decreased for controls but significantly increased for true menstrual migraine patients ( P < 0.05). A two way repeated measures ANOVA also demonstrated a significant difference between menstrual migraine patients and controls for photic activation ( P < 0.05).

P–647 How do migraine attacks change during puberty?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Boettcher ◽  
A Kyprianou ◽  
L Wildt ◽  
C Lechner ◽  
M Kößler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Daily Headache

Abstract Study question How do the stage of puberty and the menstrual cycle influence characteristics of migraine? Summary answer During puberty, the frequency of migraine attacks increases, especially during the follicular phase. The pattern of migraine changes to a typical adult pattern of migraine. What is known already Up to puberty, headaches are as common in girls as in boys. After the onset of puberty migraine is more prevalent in adolescent girls suggesting an association with sex hormones. Attacks of menstrual migraine are characterized by a longer duration, tend to be more severe, and are less responsive to acute medication compared to migraine attacks which are independent from the menstrual cycle phase. Study design, size, duration For this prospective cohort study 47 girls were recruited from two Departments of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine between 01/2016 and 12/2018. Participants/materials, setting, methods Girls between 7 and 18 years old, diagnosed with migraine without aura according to the “International Classification of Headache Disorders II” diagnostic criteria, took part. Three groups (pre-, peri-, and postpubertal) were formed according to the Tanner stage and the onset of a regular menstruation. Girls kept a daily headache and menstrual cycle diary over 8 weeks. Ovulatory cycles were analyzed by weekly progesterone saliva tests. Main results and the role of chance Three groups according to Tanner stage and onset of regular menstruation were compared: pre- (n = 16), peri- (n = 19) and post-pubertal (n = 12) girls. A significant difference in migraine frequency was found between pre- and post- pubertal girls (p = 0.005). Headache characteristics did not differ significantly between the three groups. Interestingly, a higher frequency of attacks in follicular phase occurred compared to luteal phase (p = 0.030). Limitations, reasons for caution Repeated blood sampling would have been a more reliable technique compared to saliva assays. The sample size is small. Wider implications of the findings: During puberty, the number of migraine attacks but not the specific headache characteristics changes in adolescent girls which should be taken into consideration regarding the management of these patients. Trial registration number AN2013–0027

Opioid Control of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Cyclically Fails in Menstrual Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Facchinetti ◽  
Emilia Martignoni ◽  
Loridine Fioroni ◽  
Grazia Sances ◽  
Andrea R Genazzani
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

To assess the biological correlates of the precipitation of migraine attacks in the perimenstrual period, plasma b-endorphin (b-EP) and cortisol responses to naloxone (8 mg iv) and corticotropin releasing hormone (100 μg iv) were evaluated in both the follicular phase and the premenstrual period in 7 patients suffering from menstrual migraine and in 7 healthy, asymptomatic control volunteers. In the controls, naloxone evoked a significant release of both b-EP (F = 5.86, p < 0.002) and cortisol (F = 4.43, p < 0.008), independently of the menstrual cycle phase (F = 0.31 and 1.04, for b-EP and cortisol, respectively). Menstrual migraine patients, on the other hand, showed a significant hormone response only in the follicular phase, not in the premenstrual period. Corticotropin releasing hormone significantly increased b-EP and cortisol in both the controls and the menstrual migraine patients, independently of the menstrual cycle phase. In both the naloxone and corticotropin releasing hormone testings, the basal b-EP levels measured in the premenstrual period were lower than those observed in the follicular phase ( p < 0.02). These data demonstrate a cyclical, premenstrual dysfunction of the hypothalamic control exerted by opioids on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Impairment of this fundamental adaptive mechanism (involved in stress responses and in pain control) could establish a causal relationship between menstrual-related migraine attacks and premenstrual opioid hyposensitivity.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC GYMNASTIC TRAINING AT MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE AND PERCEPTION ON MAXIMUM AEROBIC CAPACITY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Capacity

This study was intended to investigate the effect of aerobic gymnastic training at the menstrual cycle phase and perceptions of female students of Sport Science Faculty of State University of Padang on maximum aerobic capacity. The research was conducted using repeated factorial design 2 x 3. Aerobic gymnastic training was a treatment given to the menstrual cycle phase as independent variables, perception as the attribute variable, and the maximum aerobic capacity as the dependent variable. 40 students were taken by using purposive sampling technique as the samples from 170 female students enrolled at 2010/2011 academic year. The data of menstrual cycle phase and perception were collected by using questionnaires while the data of maximum aerobic capacity were taken by using MSFT (beep test). The data of maximum aerobic capacity were then analyzed using by inferential statistics ANOVA 2 x 3 two paths .The data analysis and interpretation indicate that: (1) as the whole, there is a significant difference of the effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual, menstrual, and postmenstrual phases on the maximum aerobic capacity; (2) there is an interaction between the effects of aerobic gymnastic training during the menstrual phases and the perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (3) there is no significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and menstrual phases of the students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (4) there is a significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (5) there is no significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during menstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (6) there is a significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and menstrual phases of the female students whose negative perception on maximum aerobic capacity; (7) there is no significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during premenstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose positive perception on maximum aerobic capacity; and (8) there is a significant effect of aerobic gymnastic training during menstrual and postmenstrual phases of the female students whose negative perception on maximum aerobic capacity. The findings imply that the lowness of maximum aerobic capacity of the students during menstruation is not mainly due to the menstruation itself but more to the negative perception during on the maximum aerobic capacity. Therefore, the teachers, lecturers, and trainers are expected to provide the female students (at any levels of education) with better explanation on the menstrual cycle phases and their effects on physical activities (sports)

scholarly journals Blood Plasma Hormone–Level Influence on Vocal Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1376-1386
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Mary J. Sandage ◽  
Heidi A. Kluess ◽  
Ana M. Franco-Watkins ◽  
Leslie E. Neidert
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Cycle Group

Purpose This preliminary study examined the influence of menstrual cycle phase and hormone levels on acoustic measurements of vocal function in reproductive and postmenopausal females. Mean fundamental frequency (f0), speaking fundamental frequency (Sf0), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) were evaluated. It was hypothesized that Sf0 and CPP would be lower during the luteal and ischemic phases of the menstrual cycle. Group differences with lower values in postmenopausal females and greater variability in the reproductive females were also hypothesized. Method A mixed factorial analysis of variance was used to examine differences between reproductive and postmenopausal females and the four phases of the menstrual cycle. Separate analyses of variances were implemented for each of the dependent measures. Twenty-eight female participants (15 reproductive cycling, 13 postmenopausal) completed the study. Participants were recorded reading the Rainbow Passage and sustaining the vowel /a/. Mean vocal f0, Sf0, and CPP were determined from the acoustic samples. Blood assays were used to determine estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and neuropeptide Y levels at four data collection time points. Results Group differences in hormone levels and Sf0 values were established with the postmenopausal group having significantly lower hormone levels and significantly lower Sf0 than the reproductive cycling group across the phases. Analysis of the reproductive group by hormone levels and cycle phase revealed no significant differences for CPP or Sf0 across phases. Higher estrogen was identified in the ovulation phase, and higher progesterone was identified in the luteal phase. Conclusions Significant differences in hormone levels and Sf0 were identified between groups. Within the reproductive cycling group, the lack of significant difference in acoustic measures relative to hormone levels indicated that the measures taken may not have been sensitive enough to identify hormonally mediated vocal function changes. The participant selection may have biased the findings in that health conditions and medications that are known to influence voice function were used as exclusion criteria.

Abstract 231: Decreased Parasympathetic Activity in the Ovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Tweedell ◽  
Matthew Tenan ◽  
Anthony C Hackney ◽  
Matthew Brothers ◽  
Lisa Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Frequency Components

The Heart rate variability (HRV) power spectrum is a non-invasive index of parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Sex hormone oscillations may affect autonomic nervous system function; however, no systemic difference in HRV across the menstrual cycle has been shown. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that there are changes in HRV spectral power components across the menstrual cycle. Method: Eleven women (24.4±3.6 years) volunteered for this experiment. Menstrual cycle phase was determined via basal body temperature mapping. Participants were tested once in each cycle phase. A 3 lead ECG was sampled at 1000 Hz. A piezoelectric force transducer, placed around the chest, recorded breathing rate. After 20 minutes of quiet seated rest, 5 minutes of data was collected in the upright seated position. Power spectral density analysis was performed on the R-R interval variations by fast Fourier transformation. The spectrum was divided into low (0.04-0.15, Hz) and high (0.15-0.40 Hz) frequency components. In order to attain data normality, the components were transformed with a natural logarithm. A repeated measures ANCOVA was used with a piece-wise covariate function for breathing rates higher and lower than 10 breaths per minute. Results: A significant decrease in total power spectrum was observed at the ovulatory phase (P=0.04) compared to the early follicular, late follicular and mid luteal phases. Furthermore, high-frequency oscillations were lower (P=0.04) in the ovulatory phase compared to late follicular phase. There were no changes observed (P>0.05) in the low frequency power spectrum across the menstrual cycle. Conclusions: The decrease in the high-frequency components of the HRV power spectrum during the ovulatory phase indicates a decrease in parasympathetic regulation of the heart. The ovulatory phase is characterized by an elevated level of progesterone, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, and a moderate level of estradiol. Thus, the changes in these hormones during ovulation appear to affect ANS function.

A Pilot Study: Perceptual Effects of the Voodoo Floss Band on Glenohumeral Flexibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N. Kiefer ◽  
Kyle E. Lemarr ◽  
Christopher C. Enriquez ◽  
Kristin A. Tivener ◽  
Todd Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Observational Design

Even though adaption of the Voodoo Floss Band is gaining momentum, evidence-based literature on its effectiveness remains sparse. The purpose of this quantitative observational design study was to investigate the effects of the Voodoo Floss Band on soft-tissue flexibility and perception of movement. A repeated-measures ANOVA with between-subjects factor demonstrated both groups significantly improved GH flexion range of motion from pretest to post-test but there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups. Perceptions of flexibility increased more for the Voodoo Floss Band group, demonstrating a psychological increase in GH flexion, but not a physical increase.

scholarly journals Adjunctive Sitagliptin Therapy in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia L. Brackbill ◽  
Ateequr Rahman ◽  
Jeffrey S. Sandy ◽  
M. Denton Stam ◽  
Arthur F. Harralson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Aim. We aimed to determine if sitagliptin added to standard postoperative standardized sliding-scale insulin regimens improved blood glucose.Methods. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted in diabetic cardiac surgery patients. Patients received sitagliptin or placebo after surgery for 4 days. The primary endpoint was to estimate the effect of adjunctive sitagliptin versus placebo on overall mean blood glucose in the 4-day period after surgery.Results. Sixty-two patients participated. Repeated measures tests indicated no significant difference between the groups in the overall mean blood glucose level with a mean of147.2±4.8 mg/dL and153.0±4.6 mg/dL for the test and the control group, respectively (P=0.388).Conclusions. Sitagliptin added to normal postoperative glucose management practices did not improve overall mean blood glucose control in diabetic patients in the postoperative setting.

Effect of menstrual cycle phase on exercise performance of high-altitude native women at 3600 m

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Tom D. Brutsaert ◽  
Hilde Spielvogel ◽  
Esperanza Caceres ◽  
Mauricio Araoz ◽  
Robert T. Chatterton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Native Women

SUMMARY At sea level normally menstruating women show increased ventilation (V̇e) and hemodynamic changes due to increased progesterone (P) and estrogen (E2) levels during the mid-luteal (L) compared to the mid-follicular (F) phase of the ovarian cycle. Such changes may affect maximal exercise performance. This repeated-measures, randomized study, conducted at 3600 m, tests the hypothesis that a P-mediated increase in V̇e increases maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) during the L phase relative to the F phase in Bolivian women, either born and raised at high altitude (HA), or resident at HA since early childhood. Subjects (N=30) enrolled in the study were aged 27.7±0.7 years (mean ± s.e.m.) and non-pregnant, non-lactating, relatively sedentary residents of La Paz, Bolivia, who were not using hormonal contraceptives. Mean salivary P levels at the time of the exercise tests were 63.3 pg ml–1 and 22.9 pg ml–1 for the L and F phases, respectively. Subset analyses of submaximal (N=23) and maximal (N=13) exercise responses were conducted only with women showing increased P levels from F to L and, in the latter case, with those also achieving true V̇O2max. Submaximal exercise V̇e and ventilatory equivalents were higher in the L phase (P&lt;0.001). P levels were significantly correlated to the submaximal exercise V̇e (r=0.487, P=0.006). Maximal work output (W) was higher (approximately 5 %) during the L phase (P=0.044), but V̇O2max (l min–1) was unchanged (P=0.063). Post-hoc analyses revealed no significant relationship between changes in P levels and changes in V̇O2max from F to L (P=0.072). In sum, the menstrual cycle phase has relatively modest effects on ventilation, but no effect on V̇O2max of HA native women.

The Effect of Menstrual-Cycle Phase on Hamstring Extensibility and Muscle Stiffness

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bell ◽  
Megan P. Myrick ◽  
J. Troy Blackburn ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Acl Injuries

Context:Preventing noncontact ACL injuries has been a major focus of athletic trainers and researchers. One factor that may influence female noncontact ACL injury is the fluctuating concentrations of hormones in the body.Objective:To determine whether muscle properties change across the menstrual cycle.Design:Repeated measures. Testing was performed within 3 d after the onset of menses and ovulation. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to determine changes in variables across the menstrual cycle, and Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between variables.Participants:8 women with normal menstrual cycles.Main Outcome Measures:Active hamstring stiffness and hamstring extensibility.Results:Hamstring extensibility (P = .003) increased at the ovulation testing session but hamstring muscle stiffness (P = .66) did not.Conclusions:The results indicate that hamstring muscle stiffness did not change across the menstrual cycle and hamstring extensibility increased at ovulation, when estrogen concentration increases.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Within-Person Changes in Cardiac Vagal Activity across the Menstrual Cycle: Implications for Female Health and Future Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M. Schmalenberger ◽  
Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul ◽  
Lena Würth ◽  
Ekaterina Schneider ◽  
Julian F. Thayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses

Interest in cardiac vagal activity (CVA; e.g., parasympathetically-mediated heart rate variability) as a biomarker of physical and mental health has increased exponentially in recent years. However, the understanding of sources of within-person change (i.e., intra-individual variance) in CVA is lagging behind. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and quantifies current empirical evidence of within-person changes in measures of CVA across the menstrual cycle in naturally-cycling premenopausal females. We conducted an extensive literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in five databases to identify observational studies with repeated measures of CVA in at least two menstrual cycle phases. A broad meta-analysis (nstudies = 37; nindividuals = 1,004) revealed a significant CVA decrease from the follicular to luteal phase (d = −0.39, 95% CI (−0.67, −0.11)). Furthermore, 21 studies allowed for finer-grained comparisons between each of two cycle phases (menstrual, mid-to-late follicular, ovulatory, early-to-mid luteal, and premenstrual). Significant decreases in CVA were observed from the menstrual to premenstrual (nstudies = 5; nindividuals = 200; d = −1.17, 95% CI (−2.18, −0.17)) and from the mid-to-late follicular to premenstrual phases (nstudies = 8; nindividuals = 280; d = −1.32, 95% CI (−2.35, −0.29)). In conclusion, meta-analyses indicate the presence of CVA fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. Future studies involving CVA should control for cycle phase. Recommendations for covarying or selecting cycle phase are provided.

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