scholarly journals Kinetic modeling of the electromagnetic precursor from an axisymmetric binary pulsar coalescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 622 ◽  
pp. A161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Crinquand ◽  
B. Cerutti ◽  
G. Dubus
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Fast Radio Burst ◽  
Electromagnetic Precursor

Context. The recent detection of gravitational waves associated with a binary neutron star merger revives interest in interacting pulsar magnetospheres. Current models predict that a significant amount of magnetic energy should be released prior to the merger, leading to electromagnetic precursor emission. Aims. In this paper, we revisit this problem in the light of the recent progress in kinetic modeling of pulsar magnetospheres. We limit our work to the case of aligned magnetic moments and rotation axes, and thus neglect the orbital motion. Methods. We perform global two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell simulations of two pulsar magnetospheres merging at a rate consistent with the emission of gravitational waves. Both symmetric and asymmetric systems are investigated. Results. Simulations show a significant enhancement of magnetic dissipation within the magnetospheres as the two stars approach one another. Even though the magnetospheric configuration depends on the relative orientations of the pulsar spins and magnetic axes, all configurations present nearly the same radiative signature, indicating that a common dissipation mechanism is at work. The relative motion of both pulsars drives magnetic reconnection at the boundary between the two magnetospheres, leading to efficient particle acceleration and high-energy synchrotron emission. Polar-cap discharge is also strongly enhanced in asymmetric configurations, resulting in vigorous pair production and potentially additional high-energy radiation. Conclusions. We observe an increase in the pulsar radiative efficiency by two orders of magnitude over the last orbit before the merger, exceeding the spindown power of an isolated pulsar. The expected signal is too weak to be detected at high energies even in the nearby universe. However, if a small fraction of this energy is channeled into radio waves, it could be observed as a non-repeating fast radio burst.

scholarly journals Fast magnetic energy dissipation in relativistic plasma induced by high order laser modes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Gu ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
O. Klimo ◽  
T. Zh. Esirkepov ◽  
S. V. Bulanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Collisionless Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Displacement Current ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Magnetic Field Energy ◽  
High Energy Electrons

Fast magnetic field annihilation in a collisionless plasma is induced by using TEM(1,0) laser pulse. The magnetic quadrupole structure formation, expansion and annihilation stages are demonstrated with 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The magnetic field energy is converted to the electric field and accelerate the particles inside the annihilation plane. A bunch of high energy electrons moving backwards is detected in the current sheet. The strong displacement current is the dominant contribution which induces the longitudinal inductive electric field.

scholarly journals Radiation and Polarization Signatures from Magnetic Reconnection in Relativistic Jets. II. Connection with γ-Rays

2022 ◽  
Vol 924 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Haocheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaocan Li ◽  
Dimitrios Giannios ◽  
Fan Guo ◽  
Hannes Thiersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Polarization Angle ◽  
Optical Polarization ◽  
Particle Distributions ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Very High Energy

Abstract It is commonly believed that blazar jets are relativistic magnetized plasma outflows from supermassive black holes. One key question is how the jets dissipate magnetic energy to accelerate particles and drive powerful multiwavelength flares. Relativistic magnetic reconnection has been proposed as the primary plasma physical process in the blazar emission region. Recent numerical simulations have shown strong acceleration of nonthermal particles that may lead to multiwavelength flares. Nevertheless, previous works have not directly evaluated γ-ray signatures from first-principles simulations. In this paper, we employ combined particle-in-cell and polarized radiation transfer simulations to study multiwavelength radiation and optical polarization signatures under the leptonic scenario from relativistic magnetic reconnection. We find harder-when-brighter trends in optical and Fermi-LAT γ-ray bands as well as closely correlated optical and γ-ray flares. The swings in optical polarization angle are also accompanied by γ-ray flares with trivial time delays. Intriguingly, we find highly variable synchrotron self-Compton signatures due to inhomogeneous particle distributions during plasmoid mergers. This feature may result in fast γ-ray flares or orphan γ-ray flares under the leptonic scenario, complementary to the frequently considered minijet scenario. It may also imply neutrino emission with low secondary synchrotron flux under the hadronic scenario, if plasmoid mergers can accelerate protons to very high energy.

scholarly journals Multiwavelength Observations of Fast Radio Bursts

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Luciano Nicastro ◽  
Cristiano Guidorzi ◽  
Eliana Palazzi ◽  
Luca Zampieri ◽  
Massimo Turatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Burst ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Fast Radio Burst ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Observational Strategy ◽  
Shed Light

The origin and phenomenology of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) remains unknown despite more than a decade of efforts. Though several models have been proposed to explain the observed data, none is able to explain alone the variety of events so far recorded. The leading models consider magnetars as potential FRB sources. The recent detection of FRBs from the galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154 seems to support them. Still, emission duration and energetic budget challenge all these models. Like for other classes of objects initially detected in a single band, it appeared clear that any solution to the FRB enigma could only come from a coordinated observational and theoretical effort in an as wide as possible energy band. In particular, the detection and localisation of optical/NIR or/and high-energy counterparts seemed an unavoidable starting point that could shed light on the FRB physics. Multiwavelength (MWL) search campaigns were conducted for several FRBs, in particular for repeaters. Here we summarize the observational and theoretical results and the perspectives in view of the several new sources accurately localised that will likely be identified by various radio facilities worldwide. We conclude that more dedicated MWL campaigns sensitive to the millisecond–minute timescale transients are needed to address the various aspects involved in the identification of FRB counterparts. Dedicated instrumentation could be one of the key points in this respect. In the optical/NIR band, fast photometry looks to be the only viable strategy. Additionally, small/medium size radiotelescopes co-pointing higher energies telescopes look a very interesting and cheap complementary observational strategy.

scholarly journals Probing primordial gravitational waves: Ali CMB Polarization Telescope

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Si-Yu Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yong-Ping Li ◽  
Yifu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Transition Edge Sensor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cpt Symmetry ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Current Limit ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Primordial Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cmb Polarization

Abstract In this paper, we will give a general introduction to the Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT) project, which is a Sino–US joint project led by the Institute of High Energy Physics and involves many different institutes in China. It is the first ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment in China and an integral part of China's Gravitational-wave Program. The main scientific goal of the AliCPT project is to probe the primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) originating from the very early Universe. The AliCPT project includes two stages. The first stage, referred to as AliCPT-1, is to build a telescope in the Ali region of Tibet at an altitude of 5250 meters. Once completed, it will be the highest ground-based CMB observatory in the world and will open a new window for probing PGWs in the northern hemisphere. The AliCPT-1 telescope is designed to have about 7000 transition-edge sensor detectors at 95 GHz and 150 GHz. The second stage is to have a more sensitive telescope (AliCPT-2) with more than 20 000 detectors. Our simulations show that AliCPT will improve the current constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r by one order of magnitude with three years' observation. Besides the PGWs, AliCPT will also enable a precise measurement of the CMB rotation angle and provide a precise test of the CPT symmetry. We show that three years' observation will improve the current limit by two orders of magnitude.

4. Windows in the sky

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
The Universe

The atmosphere influences much of what can be seen through a telescope. Most of the atmosphere lies within 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Further out, the air becomes thinner until it merges with outer space. In the ionosphere—a layer 75–1000 km high—neutral atoms are ionized by solar radiation and high-energy cosmic ray particles arriving from distant parts of the Universe. ‘Windows in the sky’ explains electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through to visible light and radio waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can be polarized. The atmosphere acts as a filter and blocks cosmic electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric turbulence distorts starlight resulting in ‘twinkling’ stars.

scholarly journals Probing Trans-Electroweak First Order Phase Transitions from Gravitational Waves

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Addazi ◽  
Antonino Marcianò ◽  
Roman Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
First Order Phase

We propose direct tests of very high energy first-order phase transitions, which are elusive to collider physics, deploying the gravitational waves’ measurements. We show that first-order phase transitions lying in a large window of critical temperatures, which is considerably larger than the electroweak energy scale, can be tested from advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and the Einstein Telescope. This provides the possibility to probe several inflationary mechanisms ending with the inflaton in a false minimum and high-energy first order phase transitions that are due to new scalar bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. As an important example, we consider the axion monodromy inflationary scenario and analyze the potential for its experimental verification, deploying the gravitational wave interferometers.

scholarly journals Towards ultra-intense ultra-short ion beams driven by a multi-PW laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Badziak ◽  
J. Domański
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Particle In Cell

AbstractThe multi-petawatt (PW) lasers currently being built in Europe as part of the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project will be capable of generating femtosecond light pulses of ultra-relativistic intensities (~1023–1024 W/cm2) that have been unattainable so far. Such laser pulses can be used for the production of high-energy ion beams with unique features that could be applied in various fields of scientific and technological research. In this paper, the prospect of producing ultra-intense (intensity ≥1020 W/cm2) ultra-short (pico- or femtosecond) high-energy ion beams using multi-PW lasers is outlined. The results of numerical studies on the acceleration of light (carbon) ions, medium-heavy (copper) ions and super-heavy (lead) ions driven by a femtosecond laser pulse of ultra-relativistic intensity, performed with the use of a multi-dimensional (2D3 V) particle-in-cell code, are presented, and the ion acceleration mechanisms and properties of the generated ion beams are discussed. It is shown that both in the case of light ions and in the case of medium-heavy and super-heavy ions, ultra-intense femtosecond multi-GeV ion beams with a beam intensity much higher (by a factor ~102) and ion pulse durations much shorter (by a factor ~104–105) than achievable presently in conventional radio frequency-driven accelerators can be produced at laser intensities of 1023 W/cm2 predicted for the ELI lasers. Such ion beams can open the door to new areas of research in high-energy density physics, nuclear physics and inertial confinement fusion.

scholarly journals Studying particle acceleration from driven magnetic reconnection at the termination shock of a relativistic striped wind using particle-in-cell simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Yingchao Lu ◽  
Fan Guo ◽  
Patrick Kilian ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Chengkun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Acceleration ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Termination Shock ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Poynting Flux ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Particle Kinetic Energy ◽  
Fermi Type

A rotating pulsar creates a surrounding pulsar wind nebula (PWN) by steadily releasing an energetic wind into the interior of the expanding shockwave of supernova remnant or interstellar medium. At the termination shock of a PWN, the Poynting-flux- dominated relativistic striped wind is compressed. Magnetic reconnection is driven by the compression and converts magnetic energy into particle kinetic energy and accelerating particles to high energies. We carrying out particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the shock structure as well as the energy conversion and particle acceleration mechanism. By analyzing particle trajectories, we find that many particles are accelerated by Fermi-type mechanism. The maximum energy for electrons and positrons can reach hundreds of TeV.

scholarly journals Coupling Effects in Multistage Laser Wake-field Acceleration of Electrons

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Jin ◽  
Hirotaka Nakamura ◽  
Naveen Pathak ◽  
Yasuo Sakai ◽  
Alexei Zhidkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plasma Cathode ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Wake Field ◽  
Spatial Coupling ◽  
Electron Bunches ◽  
A Charge

AbstractStaging laser wake-field acceleration is considered to be a necessary technique for developing full-optical jitter-free high energy electron accelerators. Splitting of the acceleration length into several technical parts and with independent laser drivers allows not only the generation of stable, reproducible acceleration fields but also overcoming the dephasing length while maintaining an overall high acceleration gradient and a compact footprint. Temporal and spatial coupling of pre-accelerated electron bunches for their injection in the acceleration phase of a successive laser pulse wake field is the key part of the staging laser-driven acceleration. Here, characterization of the coupling is performed with a dense, stable, narrow energy band of <3% and energy-selectable electron beams with a charge of ~1.6 pC and energy of ~10 MeV generated from a laser plasma cathode. Cumulative focusing of electron bunches in a low-density preplasma, exhibiting the Budker–Bennett effect, is shown to result in the efficient injection of electrons, even with a long distance between the injector and the booster in the laser pulse wake. The measured characteristics of electron beams modified by the booster wake field agree well with those obtained by multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations.

scholarly journals Ultrahigh-Energy multi-messengers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01053
Author(s):  
Francisco Pedreira
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Binary Mergers ◽  
The Universe

The study of correlations between observations of different messengers from extreme sources of the Universe has emerged as an outstanding way to make progress in astrophysics. The Pierre Auger Observatory is capable of significant contributions as an ultra-high energy particle detector, particularly through its capability to search for inclined showers produced by neutrinos. We describe the neutrino searches made with the Observatory with particular emphasis on the recent results following the detections of gravitational waves from binary mergers with Advanced LIGO and VIRGO, leading to competitive limits.

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