The biofilm inhibition and eradication activity of curcumin againts polymicrobial biofilm

Curcumin is a polyphenol compound that is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), which has potential as an antibacterial, antifungal, and polymicrobial antibiofilm on the catheter. Still, its inhibitory activity and eradication of non-catheter polymicrobial antibiotics against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans have never been reported. The discovery of a candidate polymicrobial anti-biofilm drug is indispensable for overcoming infections associated with biofilms. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity and eradication of curcumin on polymicrobial biofilms. Inhibition testing and eradication activity of polymicrobial biofilms were performed using the microtiter broth method. The effectiveness of curcumin on polymicrobial biofilms was analyzed using minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC50) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50). The mechanism of action of curcumin against polymicrobial biofilms is tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Curcumin 1 % b/v gives biofilm inhibition activity in the mid-phase and maturation of 62.23 % ± 0.01, 59.43 % ± 0.01, and can eradicate polymicrobial biofilms by 55.79 % ± 0.01 and not much different with nystatin drug control activity. The results also provide evidence that curcumin can damage the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) polymicrobial biofilms of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans and damage the morphology of polymicrobial biofilms. Therefore, curcumin can be developed as a candidate for new antibiofilm drugs against polymicrobial biofilms S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli dan C albicabs.

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Biofilm Inhibition and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver-Ion-Exchanged Zeolite A against Vibrio spp Marine Pathogens

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5496

Author(s):

Zarina Amin ◽

Nur Ariffah Waly ◽

Sazmal Effendi Arshad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Silver Ion ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Zeolite A ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Volcanic Origin ◽

Scanning Electron

A challenging problem in the aquaculture industry is bacterial disease outbreaks, which result in the global reduction in fish supply and foodborne outbreaks. Biofilms in marine pathogens protect against antimicrobial treatment and host immune defense. Zeolites are minerals of volcanic origin made from crystalline aluminosilicates, which are useful in agriculture and in environmental management. In this study, silver-ion-exchanged zeolite A of four concentrations; 0.25 M (AgZ1), 0.50 M (AgZ2), 1.00 M (AgZ3) and 1.50 M (AgZ4) were investigated for biofilm inhibition and antimicrobial properties against two predominant marine pathogens, V. campbelli and V. parahemolyticus, by employing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and crystal violet biofilm quantification assays as well as scanning electron microscopy. In the first instance, all zeolite samples AgZ1–AgZ4 showed antimicrobial activity for both pathogens. For V. campbellii, AgZ4 exhibited the highest MIC at 125.00 µg/mL, while for V. parahaemolyticus, the highest MIC was observed for AgZ3 at 62.50 µg/mL. At sublethal concentration, biofilm inhibition of V. campbelli and V. parahemolyticus by AgZ4 was observed at 60.2 and 77.3% inhibition, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited profound structural alteration of the biofilm matrix by AgZ4. This is the first known study that highlights the potential application of ion-exchanged zeolite A against marine pathogens and their biofilms.

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Ultrastructural Study of Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) Leaf and Antimicrobial Activity of its Methanol Extract against Staphylococcus Aureus

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v12i3.22 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 419-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amala Rajoo ◽

Sreenivasan Sasidharan ◽

Subramanion L Jothy ◽

Surash Ramanathan ◽

Sharif M Mansor

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Inhibition Concentration ◽

Scanning Electron

Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Elaeis guineensis leaf against Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the effect of extract treatment on the microstructure of the microbeMethods: The antimicrobial activity of the methanol leaf extract of the plant against S. aureus was examined using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of S. aureus after treatment with the extract.Results: The extract showed a good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL and for Chloramphenicol was 30.00 ìg/mL. The main changes observed under SEM and TEM were structural disorganization of the cell membrane which occurred after 12 h and total collapse of the cell 36 h after exposure to the extract.Conclusion: We concluded that the methanolic extract of E. guineensis leaf exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and this is supported by SEM and TEM.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Elaeis guineensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy

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Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20700.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1923

Author(s):

Siska Septiana ◽

Boy Muchlis Bachtiar ◽

Nancy Dewi Yuliana ◽

Christofora Hanny Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Yeast Form ◽

Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the yeast form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.

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Reprocessing N95 Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moist Heat Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and Maintains N95 Filtration

10.1101/2020.05.25.20112615 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simeon C. Daeschler ◽

Niclas Manson ◽

Kariym Joachim ◽

Alex W. H. Chin ◽

Katelyn Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Low Cost ◽

Filtration Efficiency ◽

Term Care ◽

Protective Function ◽

E Coli ◽

Breathing Resistance ◽

N95 Respirators ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractBackgroundThe unprecedented demand and consequent global shortage of N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic have left frontline workers vulnerable to infection. To potentially expand the supply, we validated a rapidly applicable low-cost decontamination protocol in compliance with regulatory standards to enable the safe reuse of personalized, disposable N95-respirators.MethodsFour common models of N95-respirators were disinfected for 60 minutes at 70°C either at 0% or 50% relative humidity (RH). Effective inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and E. coli was evaluated in inoculated masks. The N95 filter integrity was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The protective function of disinfected N95 respirators was tested against US NIOSH standards for particle filtration efficiency, breathing resistance and respirator fit.ResultsA single heat treatment inactivated both SARS-CoV-2 (undetectable, detection limit: 100 TCID50/ml) and E. coli (0 colonies at 50%RH) in all four respirator models. Even N95-respirators that underwent ten decontamination cycles maintained their integrity and met US-governmental criteria for approval regarding fit, filtration efficiency and breathing resistance. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated maintained N95 fiber diameter compared to baseline.InterpretationThermal disinfection enables large-scale, low cost decontamination of existing N95 respirators using commonly sourced equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This process could be used in hospitals and long term care facilities and also provides a feasible approach to expand the N95 supply in low- and middle-income regions.

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Damage of the Bacterial Cell Envelope by Antimicrobial Peptides Gramicidin S and PGLa as Revealed by Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00124-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 3132-3142 ◽

Cited By ~ 250

Author(s):

Mareike Hartmann ◽

Marina Berditsch ◽

Jacques Hawecker ◽

Mohammad Fotouhi Ardakani ◽

Dagmar Gerthsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Lipid Membrane ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Bacterial Membranes ◽

E Coli ◽

Gramicidin S ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the ultrastructural changes in bacteria induced by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Both the β-stranded gramicidin S and the α-helical peptidyl-glycylleucine-carboxyamide (PGLa) are cationic amphiphilic AMPs known to interact with bacterial membranes. One representative Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and one representative Gram-positive strain, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, were exposed to the AMPs at sub-MICs and supra-MICs in salt-free medium. SEM revealed a shortening and swelling of the E. coli cells, and multiple blisters and bubbles formed on their surface. The S. aureus cells seemed to burst upon AMP exposure, showing open holes and deep craters in their envelope. TEM revealed the formation of intracellular membranous structures in both strains, which is attributed to a lateral expansion of the lipid membrane upon peptide insertion. Also, some morphological alterations in the DNA region were detected for S. aureus. After E. coli was incubated with AMPs in medium with low ionic strength, the cells appeared highly turgid compared to untreated controls. This observation suggests that the AMPs enhance osmosis through the inner membrane, before they eventually cause excessive leakage of the cellular contents. The adverse effect on the osmoregulatory capacity of the bacteria is attributed to the membrane-permeabilizing action of the amphiphilic peptides, even at low (sub-MIC) AMP concentrations. Altogether, the results demonstrate that both TEM and SEM, as well as appropriate sample preparation protocols, are needed to obtain detailed mechanistic insights into peptide function.

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Biofilm Inhibition and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Ion-Exchanged Zeolite a against Vibrio spp Marine Pathogens

10.20944/preprints202104.0144.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zarina Amin ◽

SAZMAL EFFENDI ARSHAD ◽

NUR ARIFAH WALY

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Silver Ion ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Zeolite A ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Volcanic Origin ◽

Scanning Electron

A challenging problem in the aquaculture industry is bacterial disease outbreaks which results in the global reduction of fish supply and foodborne outbreaks. Biofilms in marine pathogens protect against antimicrobial treatment and host immune defence. Zeolites are minerals of volcanic origin made from crystalline aluminosilicates which are useful in agriculture and in environmental management. In this study, silver ion-exchanged zeolite A of four concentrations; 0.25M (AgZ1), 0.50M (AgZ2), 1.00M (AgZ3)and 1.50M (AgZ4) were investigated for biofilm inhibition and antimicrobial properties against two predominant marine pathogens V. campbelli and V. parahemolyticus by employing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC), Crystal Violet Biofilm Quantification assays as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the first instance, all zeolite samples AgZ1-AgZ4 showed antimicrobial activity for both pathogens. For V. campbellii AgZ4 exhibited the highest MIC at 125.00 µg/ml while for V. parahaemolyticus the highest MIC was observed for AgZ3 at 62.50 µg/ml. At sublethal concentration, biofilm inhibition of V. campbelli and V. parahemolyticus by AgZ4 were observed at 60.2% and 77.3% inhibition respectively. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited profound structural alteration of the biofilm matrix by AgZ4. This is the first known study that highlights the potential application of ion-exchanged Zeolite A against marine pathogens and their biofilms.

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Evidence for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Attachment to Water Distribution Pipe Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-65.12.1970 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

pp. 1970-1975 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MAFU AKIER ASSANTA ◽

DENIS ROY ◽

MARIE-JOSÉE LEMAY ◽

DIANE MONTPETIT

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Exposure Condition ◽

Copper Surfaces ◽

E Coli ◽

Plastic Surfaces ◽

Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy observation was used to investigate the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on water distribution pipe surfaces such as copper and polyethylene plastic at different contact times and storage temperatures. Our results indicated that E. coli cells could easily attach to both surface types after exposures as short as 1 or 4 h at ambient (20°C) and refrigeration temperatures (4°C). Also, we found that copper surfaces have a higher number of attached E. coli cells than plastic surfaces. The number of cells attached to each type of material depended on the nature of the water distribution pipe surfaces and the length of contact time. In addition, the surface energy value of each surface estimated by contact angle measurements using water, ∝-bromonaphthalene, and dimethyl sulfoxide as wetting agents showed that both copper (41.2 megajoules [MJ]·m−2) and plastic (45.8 MJ·m−2) have a low energy surface. In no cases could evidence of extracellular material be observed on surfaces with either exposure condition.

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Present in Radish Sprouts

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.4.1532-1535.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1532-1535 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

Yoshinori Itoh ◽

Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi ◽

Fumiko Kasuga ◽

Masaaki Iwaki ◽

Yukiko Hara-Kudo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Outer Surface ◽

Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

E Coli ◽

Radish Sprouts ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Using cultivation, immunofluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the presence of viable enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 not only on the outer surfaces but also in the inner tissues and stomata of cotyledons of radish sprouts grown from seeds experimentally contaminated with the bacterium. HgCl2 treatment of the outer surface of the hypocotyl did not kill the contaminating bacteria, which emphasized the importance of either using seeds free from E. coli O157:H7 in the production of radish sprouts or heating the sprouts before they are eaten.

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Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20700.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1923 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siska Septiana ◽

Boy Muchlis Bachtiar ◽

Nancy Dewi Yuliana ◽

Christofora Hanny Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Tetrazolium Salt ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the commensal form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.

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SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL CuFe2O4 SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

CHEMISTRY PROGRESS ◽

10.35799/cp.12.2.2019.27929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Almendo G. Lasera ◽

Henry Aritonang ◽

Harry Koleangan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

E Coli ◽

Activity Test ◽

Sem Imaging ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRAKNanopartikel CuFe2O4 disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi. Material yang telah disintesis, kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Xray-Diffraction (XRD) serta di uji aktifitasnya sebagai antibakteri dengan menggunakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positif) dan Escherichia coli (Gram negatif). Hasil citra SEM memperlihatkan morfologi nanopartikel CuFe2O4 berbentuk persegi yang tidak beraturan. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan bahwa ukuran sampel CuFe2O4 yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 20,136 nm. Uji aktifitas antibakteri yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa, nanopartikel CuFe2O4 jauh lebih baik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli dibandingkan dengan bakteri S.aureus, masing-masing 24 mm dan 6,5 mm. ABSTRACTCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The synthesized material was then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Xray-Difraction (XRD) and tested as antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative) bacteria. SEM imaging showed morphology of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles shaped like a rod. XRD diffractogram showed that the size of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles that obtained at 20.13 nm. The antibacterial activity test that has been done shows, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles are much better in inhibiting the growth of E. coli bacteria compared with S. aureus bacteria, 24 mm and 6,5 respertivelly.

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