scholarly journals Feasibility Demonstration of the Effective Design of the Opener Group of the Seeder for Winter Wheat in Arid Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00120
Author(s):  
Vladimir Milyutkin ◽  
Sergey Zhiltsov ◽  
Igor Guzhin ◽  
Dmitry Sazonov ◽  
Evgeny Artamonov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Optimal Depth ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Effective Design

The article is devoted to improving the winter wheat seeding technology. Choosing the rational design of the opener group enables the placement of crop seeds in a deeper moisty soil layer for their rapid germination with the formation of a surface relief from furrows. Seeds are placed into furrows at the optimal depth 4-5 cm and furrow slices are formed by the soil thrown out of the furrow by chisel-shaped openers and compacted by individual rollers for each opener. That solves the problem of insufficient soil moisture in arid regions.

scholarly journals New measures of deep soil water recharge during vegetation restoration process in semi-arid regions of northern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
Qunou Jiang ◽  
Yunqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Artemisia Sphaerocephala ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Desertification in semi-arid regions is currently a global environmental and societal problem. This research attempts to understand whether a 40-year-old rain-feed Artamisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing land in Three North Shelterbelt Program (3NSP) of China can be developed sustainably or not, using a newly designed lysimeter to monitor the precipitation-induced deep soil recharge (DSR) at 220 cm depth. Evapotranspiration is calculated through a water balance equation when precipitation and soil moisture data are collected. Comparison of soil particle sizes and soil moisture distributions in artificial sand-fixing land and neighboring bare land is made to assess the impact of sand-fixing reforestation. Results show that such a sand-fixing reforestation results in a root system being mainly developed in the horizontal direction and the changed soil particle distribution. Specifically, the sandy soil with 50.53 % medium sand has been transformed into a sandy soil with 68.53 % fine sand. Within the Artamisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing experimental area, the DSR values in bare sand plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 283.6 mm and 90.6 mm in wet years, reflecting a difference of more than three times. The deep soil layer moisture in semi-arid sandy land is largely replenished by precipitation-induced infiltration. The DSR values of bare sandy land plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 51.6 mm and 2 mm in dry years, a difference of more than 25 times. The proportions of DSR reduced by Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch is 68.06 % and 96.12 % in wet and dry years, respectively. This research shows that Artamisia sphaerocephala Krasch in semi-arid region can continue to grow and has the capacity of fixing sand. It consumes a large amount of precipitated water, and reduces the amount of DSR considerably.

scholarly journals New measures of deep soil water recharge during the vegetation restoration process in semi-arid regions of northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5875-5890
Author(s):  
Yiben Cheng ◽  
Xinle Li ◽  
Yunqi Wang ◽  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Artemisia Sphaerocephala ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Desertification in semi-arid regions is currently a global environmental and societal problem. This research attempts to understand whether a 40-year-old rain-fed Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing land as part of the Three North Shelterbelt Program (3NSP) of China can be developed sustainably or not using a newly designed lysimeter to monitor the precipitation-induced deep soil recharge (DSR) at 220 cm of depth. Evapotranspiration is calculated through a water balance equation when precipitation and soil moisture data are collected. A comparison of soil particle sizes and soil moisture distributions in artificial sand-fixing land and neighboring bare land is made to assess the impact of sand-fixing reforestation. Results show that such a sand-fixing reforestation results in a root system being mainly developed in the horizontal direction and a changed soil particle distribution. Specifically, the sandy soil with 50.53 % medium sand has been transformed into a sandy soil with 68.53 % fine sand. Within the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch sand-fixing experimental area, the DSR values in the bare sand plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 283.6 and 90.6 mm in wet years, reflecting a difference of more than 3 times. The deep soil layer moisture in semi-arid sandy land is largely replenished by precipitation-induced infiltration. The DSR values of the bare sandy land plot and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch plot are respectively 51.6 and 2 mm in dry years, a difference of more than 25 times. The proportions of DSR reduced by Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch are 68.06 % and 96.12 % in wet and dry years, respectively. This research shows that Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch in semi-arid regions can continue to grow and has the capacity to fix sand. It consumes a large amount of precipitated water and reduces the amount of DSR considerably.

scholarly journals Динаміка продуктивної вологи в ґрунті за вирощування пшениці озимої в сівозмінах Лівобережного Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
В. Ф. Камінський ◽  
В. В. Гангур
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
The Difference

За результатами досліджень, проведених на типовому малогумусному важкосуглинковому чорноземі Лівобережного Лісостепу України протягом 1999–2015 рр., показано, що посіви пшениці озимої найбільш інтенсивно використовують вологу ґрунту та опадів на формування вегетативних і генеративних органів у період від відновлення весняної вегетації до колосіння. Цей період росту і розвитку рослин пшениці озимої є найбільш чутливим до дефіциту вологи в ґрунті, а її запаси визначають верхню межу продуктивності посівів культури. The results of the researches were obtained during 1999–2015, on the typical low-humus heavy-loamy black soil of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine show that during the spring-summer period of vegetation there is a predominance of moisture losses over its accumulation in the soil. However, in this period prevailing productive costs, that is, soil moisture is more spent on the formation of crop and partly on the physical evaporation from the surface of the soil. The largest reserves of productive moisture in the ground under winter wheat were observed in spring at the time of the restoration of its vegetation. Through the winter and early spring precipitation of moisture in 100 cm soil layer was 181.8 mm, 43.8 mm or 37.1 % more than the average long-term rate. It was determined the fact that in most winter wheat is consumed from the soil moisture autumn-winter inventories during the period of vegetation culture to exit the tube – 43.4 mm. In this case, the total expenditures of moisture from the soil and precipitation are 70.7 mm or 27.8 % of the total expenditures of moisture by culture during the growing season. In the future, from the outlet to the tube to beginning to ear the general flow of moisture decreases, and from the ear to the onset of the waxy maturity of the grain, on the contrary, increase. So in the field of winter wheat they were, respectively, 66.8 and 116.6 mm, that is, the difference, compared with the period from the restoration of vegetation to the output of the tube was 3.9 and 46.1 mm. However, studies show that plants of winter wheat  the most intensively used wet during the growing season from the restoration of it in spring to the ear eruption. This period of growth and development of winter wheat plants is most sensitive to the deficit of moisture in the soil, and its reserves determine the upper limit of productivity of crops.

scholarly journals Influence of water supply methods of water-physical properties of soil in terms of arid conditions of South-East Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vdovina ◽  
◽  
Amangeldy Apushev ◽  
Elena Isakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Properties Of Soil

This article provides data on soil moisture and density, depending on the test options for water-saving technologies. The effectiveness of the «Aqusorb» hydrogel in regulating the water holding capacity of soils and improving its structure, which directly affects the growth and development of plants, has been shown. The best supply of soil moisture was noted in the options when the preparation was applied, 1.5 kg/m3 and 2.0 kg/m3. When using the preparation favorable water-air regime of soils appears, especially in critical periods for the development of plants. The purpose of the research was the scientific justification for the use of the «Aquasorb» hydrogel to improve the water-physical properties of the soil, which will directly contribute to the development of consumer and decorative gardening in the arid regions of southeast Kazakhstan. Experiments on the study of the water-physical properties of soils were performed according to generally accepted methods.

Effects of Plastic Mulching Modes on Soil Moisture and Grain Yield in Dryland Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Xi CHAI ◽  
Chang-Gang YANG ◽  
Shu-Fang ZHANG ◽  
Heng-Hong CHEN ◽  
Lei CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulching

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

scholarly journals Estimating Agricultural Soil Moisture Content through UAV-Based Hyperspectral Images in the Arid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ge ◽  
Jianli Ding ◽  
Xiuliang Jin ◽  
Jingzhe Wang ◽  
Xiangyue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Order Derivative ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Strategy I

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral remote sensing is an important monitoring technology for the soil moisture content (SMC) of agroecological systems in arid regions. This technology develops precision farming and agricultural informatization. However, hyperspectral data are generally used in data mining. In this study, UAV-based hyperspectral imaging data with a resolution o 4 cm and totaling 70 soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected from farmland (2.5 × 104 m2) near Fukang City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Four estimation strategies were tested: the original image (strategy I), first- and second-order derivative methods (strategy II), the fractional-order derivative (FOD) technique (strategy III), and the optimal fractional order combined with the optimal multiband indices (strategy IV). These strategies were based on the eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) algorithm, with the aim of building the best estimation model for agricultural SMC in arid regions. The results demonstrated that FOD technology could effectively mine information (with an absolute maximum correlation coefficient of 0.768). By comparison, strategy IV yielded the best estimates out of the methods tested (R2val = 0.921, RMSEP = 1.943, and RPD = 2.736) for the SMC. The model derived from the order of 0.4 within strategy IV worked relatively well among the different derivative methods (strategy I, II, and III). In conclusion, the combination of FOD technology and the optimal multiband indices generated a highly accurate model within the XGBoost algorithm for SMC estimation. This research provided a promising data mining approach for UAV-based hyperspectral imaging data.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Suitability Evaluation of Typical Drought Index in Soil Moisture Retrieval and Monitoring Based on Optical Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2587
Author(s):  
Yan Nie ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
Yuqin Deng ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil Moisture Inversion

As a basic agricultural parameter in the formation, transformation, and consumption of surface water resources, soil moisture has a very important influence on the vegetation growth, agricultural production, and healthy operation of regional ecosystems. The Aksu river basin is a typical semi-arid agricultural area which seasonally suffers from water shortage. Due to the lack of knowledge on soil moisture change, the water management and decision-making processes have been a difficult issue for local government. Therefore, soil moisture monitoring by remote sensing became a reasonable way to schedule crop irrigation and evaluate the irrigation efficiency. Compared to in situ measurements, the use of remote sensing for the monitoring of soil water content is convenient and can be repetitively applied over a large area. To verify the applicability of the typical drought index to the rapid acquisition of soil moisture in arid and semi-arid regions, this study simulated, compared, and validated the effectiveness of soil moisture inversion. GF-1 WFV images, Landsat 8 OLI images, and the measured soil moisture data were used to determine the Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI), the Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), and the Vegetation Adjusted Perpendicular Drought Index (VAPDI). First, the determination coefficients of the correlation analyses on the PDI, MPDI, VAPDI, and measured soil moisture in the 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depth layers based on the GF-1 WFV and Landsat 8 OLI images were good. Notably, in the 0–10 cm depth layers, the average determination coefficient was 0.68; all models met the accuracy requirements of soil moisture inversion. Both indicated that the drought indices based on the Near Infrared (NIR)-Red spectral space derived from the optical remote sensing images are more sensitive to soil moisture near the surface layer; however, the accuracy of retrieving the soil moisture in deep layers was slightly lower in the study area. Second, in areas of vegetation coverage, MPDI and VAPDI had a higher inversion accuracy than PDI. To a certain extent, they overcame the influence of mixed pixels on the soil moisture spectral information. VAPDI modified by Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) was not susceptible to vegetation saturation and, thus, had a higher inversion accuracy, which makes it performs better than MPDI’s in vegetated areas. Third, the spatial heterogeneity of the soil moisture retrieved by the GF-1 WFV and Landsat 8 OLI image were similar. However, the GF-1 WFV images were more sensitive to changes in the soil moisture, which reflected the actual soil moisture level covered by different vegetation. These results provide a practical reference for the dynamic monitoring of surface soil moisture, obtaining agricultural information and agricultural condition parameters in arid and semi-arid regions.

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