scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt with Different Proportions of RAP Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
Haryati Awang ◽  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
Wardati Hashim ◽  
Zanariah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Asphalt Mixes

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is old asphalt pavement that has been removed from a road by milling or full depth removal. The use of RAP in hot mix asphalt (HMA) eliminates the need to dispose old asphalt pavements and conserves asphalt binders and aggregates, resulting in significant cost savings and benefits to society. This paper presents a study on HMA with different RAP proportions carried out to evaluate the volumetric properties and performance of asphalt mixes containing different proportions of RAP. Marshall Mix Design Method was used to produce control mix (0% RAP) and asphalt mixes containing 15% RAP, 25% RAP and 35% RAP in accordance with Specifications for Road Works of Public Works Department, Malaysia for AC14 dense graded asphalt gradation. Volumetric analysis was performed to ensure that the result is compliance with specification requirements. The resilient modulus test was performed to measure the stiffness of the mixes while the Modified Lottman test was conducted to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of these mixes. The Hamburg wheel tracking test was used to evaluate the rutting performance of these mixes. The results obtained showed that there were no substantial difference in Marshall Properties, moisture susceptibility, resilient modulus and rutting resistance between asphalt mixes with RAP and the control mix. The test results indicated that recycled mixes performed as good as the performance of conventional HMA in terms of moisture susceptibility and resilient modulus. It is recommended that further research be carried out for asphalt mixes containing more than 35% RAP material.

Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Filler in Hot Mix Asphalt

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zulfikri M. Zainudin ◽  
Faridah Hanim Khairuddin ◽  
Choy Peng Ng ◽  
Siti Khadijah Che Osmi ◽  
N. Aina Misnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Laboratory Result ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Marshall Stability

Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is a combination of asphalt and aggregates that will give durable road surface for pavement and is widely used in Malaysia. However, due to damages caused by excessive traffic loadings, the HMA pavement normally required frequently maintenance and rehabilitation works. Therefore in recent years, research on modification of HMA has tremendously increased in highway construction field using natural sources and recycling products such as rubber, plastic, anti-stripping agents, waste materials and etc. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) used as filler in HMA. Experimental laboratory were done to compare the properties of normal HMA sample with modified HMA sample using SCBA. Result obtained for both sample were compared to Malaysian Public Works Department (MPWD) specification. The laboratory result reveals that SCBA are effective in increasing the Marshall stability, flow and Resilient Modulus of normal HMA. The SCBA increases Marshall stability by 0.6%, flow 4.9% and Resilient Modulus 17.4% respectively of ordinary HMA and all test and analysis parameters for asphaltic concrete of SCBA sample comply with MPWD requirements. Therefore, SCBA has potential in modifying normal HMA.

High-Performance Thin-Lift Overlays with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content and Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman ◽  
Robert Kluttz ◽  
Michael Roussel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Structural Capacity

A high-performance thin asphalt overlay (HPThinOL) is specified as having a thickness of 1 in. or less and is used in applications requiring high levels of rutting and fatigue resistance. HPThinOLs are used as a pavement preservation strategy and are placed on pavements that have remaining structural capacity that is expected to outlive that strategy. Current specifications for HPThinOLs generally call for a polymer-modified asphalt (PMA). However, PMA binders are more expensive than unmodified asphalt binders. This expense, coupled with the higher binder content requirement generally associated with HPThinOL, could lead to an initial higher cost in relation to other pavement preservation strategies. Although the higher initial cost can be offset by incorporating high amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), the use of high amounts of RAP in PMA mixtures might adversely affect the mixture performance (stiffness, cracking, or workability). Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technology may improve the workability of HPThinOL that incorporates high RAP content and PMA binders. This study evaluated the effect of PMA binders, high RAP content, and WMA technology on the stiffness, resistance to reflective cracking, moisture susceptibility, and workability of HPThinOL mixtures. PMA binders and high RAP content increased the stiffness of HPThinOL significantly; however, the use of WMA technology lowered mixture stiffness and improved workability. PMA may improve the cracking resistance, moisture susceptibility, and rutting resistance of high-RAP HPThinOL mixtures, depending on whether a WMA technology is used.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance assessment of half warm recycled asphalt mixes containing up to 100 % RAP

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (080) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lizárraga ◽  
A. Jiménez del Barco-Carrión ◽  
A. Ramírez ◽  
P. Díaz ◽  
F. Moreno-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Asphalt Content

The use of Half Warm Mixes with high Reclaimed Asphalt content (HWMRA) has the potential to generate significant environmental advantages such as the reduction in consumption of natural resources and the emission of gases into the atmosphere. This paper therefore focuses on demonstrating the viability of using these types of mixes in wearing courses. For this purpose, an HWMRA with 70 % and 100 % Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and emulsion were designed in the laboratory. The performance of the mixes was then assessed and compared with that of conventional Hot Mix Asphalt. In a second stage, the mixes were manufactured in-plant, and laid and compacted in an Accelerated Pavement Test track. The cores were then extracted and tested for stiffness modulus and resistance to fatigue. The results from the tests conducted with both the laboratory specimens and the cores showed that the performance of HWMRA is comparable to that of HMA. These findings encourage greater confidence in promoting the use of these types of sustainable asphalt mixes.

scholarly journals SUGGESTING A SIMPLE DESIGN METHOD FOR COLD RECYCLED ASPHALT MIXES WITH ASPHALT EMULSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador BAZRAFSHAN MOGHADAM ◽  
Hamid FARHAD MOLLASHAHI
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emulsified Asphalt

Although there are typical and well-known standard methods for designing hot mix asphalt in the world, there is no unique design method for cold recycled asphalt mixes. The current methods are mainly local or even dependent on technology owners due to the diversity of materials and qualitative control limitations. Currently, most of the design methods are based on 4 inch mold. The major problem of these methods is that in the mix design, the effect of aggre­gates larger than 25 mm is neglected, while this size of aggregates is used in the recycling projects. Therefore, there is a significant difference between in-situ and laboratory mix behaviors. So, 6-inch mold is used. In this study, a simple mix design has been obtained for reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) considering the different amount of emulsified asphalt, Portland cement, three gradations, moisture contents, temperatures, and curing times. For this reason, 315 samples were prepared. The results show that the mixes with aggregates larger than 25 mm have a significant difference with 25 mm and smaller aggregates sizes in terms of mechanical properties and moisture susceptibility. Therefore, 6-inch molds should be used for RAP materials that are larger than 25 mm in the mix design.

scholarly journals Utilizing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Materials in New Pavements - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Thermal Cracks

Recently, prices of asphalt pavement materials have been increasing tremendously, which led to attempts to find alternative cheap materials. In addition, more concerns are directed to reserving natural resources and reducing environmental impacts of using virgin asphalt binders, thus more attention is focused on the use of recycled materials in pavement designs. Transportation agencies worldwide are incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in new pavement designs. RAP was used for the first time in 1973, however, with low percentages due to the lack of understanding of its effect on the performance of asphalt mixes. Currently, higher percentages (e.g. >50%) are being utilized to reduce costs and natural resources and make use of demolished old asphalt pavements. The main concern of combining RAP in new asphalt mixes is how it will affect the resistance of these mixes to permanent deformation (rutting), fatigue cracks, and thermal cracks, which are the main distresses that affect the performance of asphalt mixes. Many studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of RAP on asphalt mixes, and all results showed that RAP increased the stiffness of asphalt mixes, thus improving rutting resistance at high temperature. On the other hand, results were in conflict with regard to fatigue and thermal cracking. Recently, the Department of Public Works and Services at Ras Al Khaimah, UAE started adopting RAP mixes in ongoing projects (e.g. Kadra-Shawka Road) with no clear guidelines, in hope of reducing costs and that these roads would have better performance. To address the concerns of the effects of RAP and to determine the correct RAP percentage for projects in Ras Al Khaimah, this study was initiated and as a first stage a literature review was conducted and presented in this article.

Investigation of Moisture Susceptibility of Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixes through Laboratory Mechanical Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Gong ◽  
Mingjiang Tao ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Tahar El-Korchi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Creep Compliance ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Conditioning Process ◽  
Damage Indicators

Moisture can lead to serious damage and failures in hot-mix asphalt concrete pavements. This is an even greater concern for warm-mix asphalt because the much lower production temperatures may not completely dry the aggregates. In this Maine Department of Transportation study, the use of fracture energy parameters was evaluated to determine the influence of incomplete drying of mixes on their mechanical properties. Fracture energy–based parameters [energy ratio (ER); ratio of energy ratio (RER)] were determined from the following testing of mixes with fully and partially dried aggregates, some of which were subjected to moisture conditioning: resilient modulus, creep compliance, and indirect tensile strength (ITS) at 5°C. The results indicate that (a) resilient modulus, creep compliance, and ITS were all affected by the presence of moisture in mixes; (b) the trend and the degree of influence of moisture for different mechanical parameters were different; (c) the moisture conditioning process caused larger decreases in modulus and ITS values than did incomplete drying of aggregates; however, the same moisture conditioning process caused much larger decreases in modulus and ITS in mixes prepared with incompletely dried aggregates than did the counterparts prepared with fully dried aggregates; and (d) fracture energy–based parameters (ER and RER) appeared to be more-distinctive moisture effect and damage indicators than are the other parameters.

Laboratory Comparison of Rejuvenated 50% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Hot-Mix Asphalt with Conventional 20% RAP Mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 2633 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Veeraragavan ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Mingjiang Tao ◽  
Martins Zaumanis ◽  
Robert Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Cracking Potential ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Performance Grading

The Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) currently allows 20% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in base and intermediate courses. To help the Maine DOT decide whether RAP could be increased to 50%, this study evaluated the critical laboratory properties of hot-mix asphalt with 50% RAP materials and rejuvenator. The scope of work consisted of preparing 20% and 50% RAP mixes with and without rejuvenators and testing compacted specimens for their volumetric properties, moduli, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, and low- and intermediate-temperature cracking potential. Two rejuvenators were used: ( a) generic waste vegetable oil and ( b) proprietary, commercially available rejuvenator. Virgin binder, extracted RAP binder, and extracted binder from recycled mixes were tested for continuous performance grading. The results showed that rejuvenators improved the properties of high RAP mixes, and the performance of rejuvenated 50% RAP mixes was equal to that of the currently allowed 20% RAP mixes. Results from semicircular bending tests were used to evaluate and quantify the effect of rejuvenators on mixes with high RAP content. Field trials of 50% RAP mixes were recommended as a result of the study.

Laboratory characterization of recycled crumb-rubber-modified asphalt mixture after extended aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1308-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Jae Lee ◽  
Hakseo Kim ◽  
Chandra K. Akisetty ◽  
Serji N. Amirkhanian
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper presents a limited study that characterizes the recycling of artificially aged crumb-rubber modified (CRM) mixtures depending on their recycling percentage and aggregate type. Eight mixtures [six recycled mixtures containing rubberized reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and two control virgin mixtures] were designed and tested. Two types of aggregates were used in this research project. The rubberized RAP used in the study was artificially aged in the laboratory using an accelerated aging processes. The percentages of the RAP, by total weight of the mix, incorporated into the recycled mixtures were 15%, 25%, and 35%. Evaluation of all mixtures included the following testing procedures: tensile strength ratio (TSR), asphalt pavement analyzer (APA), resilient modulus, and indirect tensile strength (ITS) after long-term oven aging. The results from this study showed that (i) the recycled aged CRM mixtures (with 15%, 25%, and 35% rubberized RAP) can satisfy the current Superpave mixture requirements, including moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance, and (ii) in general, there was no significant difference between the control and the recycled CRM mixtures for the properties evaluated in this study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of stiffness to predict rutting resistance of hot-mix asphalt: a Canadian case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Md Safiuddin ◽  
Susan Louise Tighe ◽  
Ludomir Uzarowski
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Moduli ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
French Laboratory

This paper investigates the relationship between the stiffness and rutting resistance of hot-mix asphalt. Ten different types of hot-mix asphalt were examined. The Superpave mix design method was utilized to produce nine mixes; the remaining mix was designed using the Marshall method. The asphalt mixes were tested for stiffness and rutting resistance under the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology research program at the University of Waterloo. The stiffness was determined by the laboratory resilient and dynamic moduli tests. The dynamic modulus test was conducted at six different loading frequencies and five different temperatures. The rutting test was executed by the Hamburg Wheel Rut Tester and the French Laboratory Rutting Tester to obtain rutting depth. The regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships of resilient and dynamic moduli with rutting depth. The results of the regression analysis revealed that resilient modulus did not correlate well with rutting depth. In contrast, dynamic modulus showed strong correlation with rutting depth for a number of loading frequencies and temperatures. The strong relationship was observed at the higher temperatures of +46.1 oC and +54.4 oC. Moreover, the relationship between dynamic modulus and rutting depth was better for lower loading cycles/wheel passes applied in the rutting test. It was also noticed that dynamic modulus exhibited a better relationship with rutting depth obtained from the French Laboratory Rutting Tester. The overall findings indicate that the dynamic moduli obtained at 0.1–1.0 Hz and +46.1–(+54.4) oC are useful to predict the rutting resistance of hot-mix asphalt.

Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Performance with High RAP Content

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
Frag Ahmed Ma Kridan ◽  
Noor Azreena Kamaluddin ◽  
Ekarizan Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Asphalt Performance ◽  
Cost Of Materials

The pavement industry is currently forced to find alternative ways to produce asphaltic concrete with the  dwindling supply of new resources and the spiraling cost of materials. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) offers a sustainable solution to the problem by reducing energy requirements for production and the reuse of old pavement materials. The effects of warm mix asphalt additive (Sasobit) on mixes containing different percentages of RAP were investigated in the laboratory. Three different concentrations of RAP (30%, 40% and 50%) with 1.5% Sasobit by weight of binder were added, and Marshall method was used to produce all samples investigated. Two different mixing and compaction temperatures were used, 155°C and 135°C for mixing and 135°C and 120°C  for compaction. The performance of the mixes in terms of stiffness and moisture damage were investigated by carrying out the Indirect Tensile Resilient Modulus Test (ASTM D4123) and moisture susceptibility test (ASTM D 4867). The results obtained showed that there were no substantial differences in volumetric properties, stability and stiffness values of reclaimed mixes than the control mix (conventional hot mix asphalt). In addition, all the mixes investigated achieved the required minimum TSR of 80%. Measured rut depth using the Asphalt Pavement Analyser (APA) device and fatigue cycles to failure using beam specimen indicated that the mixes performed similar to or better than the control mix. The results showed that warm mix asphalt using sasobit-additive and containing high percentages of RAP could be a sustainable alternative to the conventional HMA mix.  

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