scholarly journals Numerical research on thermal performance of water-flow window as hospital curtain-wall

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunying Li ◽  
Haida Tang ◽  
Jianhua Ding ◽  
Yuanli Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Building Energy Conservation ◽  
Programme Simulation

Water-flow window can reduce indoor cooling load from direct solar radiation and preheat domestic hot water at the same time. It is quite suitable for hospital with patient wards and large demand of hot water, especially buildings with large area of glazing curtain-wall. Field measurement was carried out during July 2018 at a major comprehensive hospital in Shenzhen, and the inner surface of the four-storey west-facing glazing curtain-wall reached over 45.6oC in the daytime. The year-round energy-saving potential is investigated by applying water-flow window to the curtain-wall through programme simulation, with a pre-validated FORTRAN programme. The results show that the year-round solar energy utilization rate can reach as high as 9.4%, and the indoor thermal environment is better, compared with conventional window design. The preheated water can be used in wards for showering and help building energy conservation. Water-flow window has great potential for large-scale application within similar buildings.

The Simulation of the Circumfluence and Inhomogeneous Flow Field in Pulsing Electro-Floatation

2012 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Xiao Gang Deng ◽  
Xiong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Inhomogeneous Field ◽  
Liquid Bubble ◽  
Conservation Of Momentum ◽  
Inhomogeneous Flow

Due to the large-scale violent circumfluence occurred in the traditional electro-floatation (TEF), the interference to the mixture of micro-bubbles and floccules should not be neglected in the floatation. In this paper, the Pulsing Electro-Floatation (PEF) using square wave impulse direct current has been presented. The circumfluence in the inhomogeneous field of the PEF would be gentler than TEF, and the energy utilization rate would be improved. Based the theory of multiphase flow continuous medium, the conservation of momentum equation in the inhomogeneous flow field of PEF has been obtained, and liquid-bubble flow field of the PEF has been simulated using the Fluent module of the ANSYS 13.0. The research result shows that the inhomogeneous flow field in PEF has more reasonable energy distribution, less extent of circumfluence in the process of the micro-bubbles floating, and more benefit for the development and floatation of the bubbles-floccules mixture compared with the TEF. With the same current density, the energy consumption of PEF is 1/4-1/3 that of TEF, but has the similar floatation effect with TEF.

Versatile Water-Based Transfer of Large-Area Graphene Films onto Flexible Substrates

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (60) ◽  
pp. 3749-3754
Author(s):  
Maria Kim ◽  
Changfeng Li ◽  
Jannatul Susoma ◽  
Juha Riikonen ◽  
Harri Lipsanen
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Process ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Polyethylene Naphthalate ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Graphene Films ◽  
Water Based

ABSTRACTNext-generation electronic devices are expected to demonstrate greater utility, efficiency and durability. Meanwhile, plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and variety of poly(para-xylylene) polymers enable transformational advantages to device shape, flexibility, weight, transparency and recyclability. Exhibiting a combination of outstanding mechanical, electrical, optical, and chemical properties of graphene with the plastic substrates could propose ideal material for the future flexible electronics. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows cost-effective fabrication of a high-quality large-area graphene films, however, the critical issue is clean and noninvasive transfer of the films onto a desired substrate. The water-based delamination of CVD grown graphene on Cu can be considered as a “green” transfer process utilizing only hot deionized water. We investigated a method requiring only two essential steps: coating of 6-inch monolayer CVD graphene with transparent and flexible polymer, and Cu delamination in hot water. Proposed method is inexpensive, reproducible, environmentally friendly, waste-free and suitable for large-scale, high quality graphene. The transfer process demonstrated films with enhanced charge carrier mobility, high uniformity, free of mechanical defects, and sheet resistance as low as ∼50 Ω/sq with 96.5 % transparency at 550 nm wavelength.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Banded, Heavy Snowstorms with Very Different Synoptic Settings

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Jurewicz ◽  
Michael S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Intense Band ◽  
First Case ◽  
Heavy Snow

Abstract Two banded, heavy snowstorms that occurred over the northern mid-Atlantic region are compared and contrasted. On 6–7 January 2002, a narrow, intense band of heavy snow was observed, along with several other weaker bands, embedded within a large area of moderate snow. On 19–20 January 2002, a single, broader band of heavy snow was observed, embedded within a broken area of light snow. The synoptic-scale settings associated with these two storms were strikingly dissimilar. In the first case, strong quasigeostrophic (QG) forcing for ascent was present just to the south of the heavy snowfall area. A highly amplified longwave trough was located over the Mississippi River valley, while a compact shortwave trough moved northward, up the east side of the longwave trough. The result was robust cyclogenesis off of the mid-Atlantic coast. In the second case, the relatively weaker QG forcing for ascent was located much farther southwest of the snowband. The flow aloft was much less amplified, with weaker cyclogenesis occurring off of the mid-Atlantic coast. Analysis of the frontal scale environments for both cases indicated that the snowbands were each associated with the collocation of midtropospheric frontogenesis and reduced stability. In the first case, evidence is shown that a layer of potential symmetric instability (PSI) was located just above a deep, sloping zone of frontogenesis, in the presence of deep near-saturated conditions. In the second case, evidence is shown that a layer of potential instability (PI), associated with rapidly decreasing relative humidity with height, was located just above a shallow, sloping zone of frontogenesis. In addition, it is shown that a particularly favorable thermal environment for snowflake growth and accumulation became collocated with the heavy snowband. It is hypothesized that the differences in the intensity and horizontal extent of the bands observed with these two events resulted from differing atmospheric responses associated with the areal extent of large-scale and frontogenetical forcing, moisture availability, degree of instability, and specific thermal profiles.

scholarly journals Analysis of temperature field of grain and drying medium for grain drying integrated mechanical device.

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 02024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Wang ◽  
Shukun Cao ◽  
Yi Cui ◽  
Zijian Cao ◽  
Shuqiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Blast Stove ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Hot Blast

In order to improve the working efficiency of the drying tower and the hot blast stove in the process of grain drying, this paper proposes a method to solve the problems of air pollution and energy waste caused by excessive combustion or insufficient combustion of the hot blast stove. Based on finite element analysis, this paper uses ANSYS software to simulate the drying process of grain. This paper briefly introduces the grain drying device model and working mechanism, analyzes the temperature field of the drying device, and studies the influence on the drying effect of the working parameters (hot water, hot air, hot air hot blast stove combustion temperature) during the grain drying process. The results show that the hot air temperature is 85°C, the hot water temperature is 90°C, the combustion chamber temperature is 480°C, the grain drying effect is good, the combustion efficiency of the combustion furnace is the best, and the energy utilization rate is the highest.

Analytical solution for estimating the influence of a pre-existing ground water flow on a geothermal heat production-injection well system

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
I. David ◽  
M. Visescu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Injection Well ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Ground Water Flow ◽  
The Earth

Abstract Geothermal energy source is the heat from the Earth, which ranges from the shallow ground (the upper 100 m of the Earth) to the hot water and hot rock which is a few thousand meters beneath the Earth's surface. In both cases the so-called open systems for geothermal energy resource exploitation consist of a groundwater production well to supply heat energy and an injection well to return the cooled water, from the heat pump after the thermal energy transfer, in the underground. In the paper an analytical method for a rapid estimation of the ground water flow direction effect on the coupled production well and injection well system will be proposed. The method will be illustrated with solutions and images for representative flow directions respect to the axis of the production/injection well system.

scholarly journals Integrated Double-Sided Random Microlens Array Used for Laser Beam Homogenization

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Hui Pang ◽  
Axiu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Microlens Array ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Periodic Lattice ◽  
Lattice Distribution ◽  
Speckle Field ◽  
High Laser ◽  
Alignment Problem ◽  
In Series

Double microlens arrays (MLAs) in series can be used to divide and superpose laser beam so as to achieve a homogenized spot. However, for laser beam homogenization with high coherence, the periodic lattice distribution in the homogenized spot will be generated due to the periodicity of the traditional MLA, which greatly reduces the uniformity of the homogenized spot. To solve this problem, a monolithic and highly integrated double-sided random microlens array (D-rMLA) is proposed for the purpose of achieving laser beam homogenization. The periodicity of the MLA is disturbed by the closely arranged microlens structures with random apertures. And the random speckle field is achieved to improve the uniformity of the homogenized spot by the superposition of the divided sub-beams. In addition, the double-sided exposure technique is proposed to prepare the rMLA on both sides of the same substrate with high precision alignment to form an integrated D-rMLA structure, which avoids the strict alignment problem in the installation process of traditional discrete MLAs. Then the laser beam homogenization experiments have been carried out by using the prepared D-rMLA structure. The laser beam homogenized spots of different wavelengths have been tested, including the wavelengths of 650 nm (R), 532 nm (G), and 405 nm (B). The experimental results show that the uniformity of the RGB homogenized spots is about 91%, 89%, and 90%. And the energy utilization rate is about 89%, 87%, 86%, respectively. Hence, the prepared structure has high laser beam homogenization ability and energy utilization rate, which is suitable for wide wavelength regime.

scholarly journals Rapid Single Image-Based DTM Estimation from ExoMars TGO CaSSIS Images Using Generative Adversarial U-Nets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Yu Tao ◽  
Siting Xiong ◽  
Susan J. Conway ◽  
Jan-Peter Muller ◽  
Anthony Guimpier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Imaging Science

The lack of adequate stereo coverage and where available, lengthy processing time, various artefacts, and unsatisfactory quality and complexity of automating the selection of the best set of processing parameters, have long been big barriers for large-area planetary 3D mapping. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based solution, called MADNet (Multi-scale generative Adversarial u-net with Dense convolutional and up-projection blocks), that avoids or resolves all of the above issues. We demonstrate the wide applicability of this technique with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) 4.6 m/pixel images on Mars. Only a single input image and a coarse global 3D reference are required, without knowing any camera models or imaging parameters, to produce high-quality and high-resolution full-strip Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) in a few seconds. In this paper, we discuss technical details of the MADNet system and provide detailed comparisons and assessments of the results. The resultant MADNet 8 m/pixel CaSSIS DTMs are qualitatively very similar to the 1 m/pixel HiRISE DTMs. The resultant MADNet CaSSIS DTMs display excellent agreement with nested Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera (CTX), Mars Express’s High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) DTMs at large-scale, and meanwhile, show fairly good correlation with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) DTMs for fine-scale details. In addition, we show how MADNet outperforms traditional photogrammetric methods, both on speed and quality, for other datasets like HRSC, CTX, and HiRISE, without any parameter tuning or re-training of the model. We demonstrate the results for Oxia Planum (the landing site of the European Space Agency’s Rosalind Franklin ExoMars rover 2023) and a couple of sites of high scientific interest.

scholarly journals Calculation and Analysis of the Interval Power Flow for Distributed Energy System Based on Affine Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Bin Ouyang ◽  
Lu Qu ◽  
Qiyang Liu ◽  
Baoye Tian ◽  
Zhichang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Distributed Energy System

Due to the coupling of different energy systems, optimization of different energy complementarities, and the realization of the highest overall energy utilization rate and environmental friendliness of the energy system, distributed energy system has become an important way to build a clean and low-carbon energy system. However, the complex topological structure of the system and too many coupling devices bring more uncertain factors to the system which the calculation of the interval power flow of distributed energy system becomes the key problem to be solved urgently. Affine power flow calculation is considered as an important solution to solve uncertain steady power flow problems. In this paper, the distributed energy system coupled with cold, heat, and electricity is taken as the research object, the influence of different uncertain factors such as photovoltaic and wind power output is comprehensively considered, and affine algorithm is adopted to calculate the system power flow of the distributed energy system under high and low load conditions. The results show that the system has larger operating space, more stable bus voltage and more flexible pipeline flow under low load condition than under high load condition. The calculation results of the interval power flow of distributed energy systems can provide theoretical basis and data support for the stability analysis and optimal operation of distributed energy systems.

scholarly journals Efficient and large-area all vacuum-deposited perovskite light-emitting diodes via spatial confinement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Du ◽  
Jinghui Li ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Nonradiative Recombination ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Spatial Confinement ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Large Scale Production

AbstractWith rapid advances of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the large-scale fabrication of patterned PeLEDs towards display panels is of increasing importance. However, most state-of-the-art PeLEDs are fabricated by solution-processed techniques, which are difficult to simultaneously achieve high-resolution pixels and large-scale production. To this end, we construct efficient CsPbBr3 PeLEDs employing a vacuum deposition technique, which has been demonstrated as the most successful route for commercial organic LED displays. By carefully controlling the strength of the spatial confinement in CsPbBr3 film, its radiative recombination is greatly enhanced while the nonradiative recombination is suppressed. As a result, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of thermally evaporated PeLED reaches 8.0%, a record for vacuum processed PeLEDs. Benefitting from the excellent uniformity and scalability of the thermal evaporation, we demonstrate PeLED with a functional area up to 40.2 cm2 and a peak EQE of 7.1%, representing one of the most efficient large-area PeLEDs. We further achieve high-resolution patterned perovskite film with 100 μm pixels using fine metal masks, laying the foundation for potential display applications. We believe the strategy of confinement strength regulation in thermally evaporated perovskites provides an effective way to process high-efficiency and large-area PeLEDs towards commercial display panels.

Pattern Writing by Implantation in a Large-Scale PSII System With Planar Inductively Coupled Plasma Source

2000 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wu ◽  
Hongjun Gao ◽  
Dennis M. Manos
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lateral Diffusion ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Planar Coil ◽  
Rf Antenna

ABSTRACTA large-scale plasma source immersion ion implantation (PSII) system with planar coil RFI plasma source has been used to study an inkless, deposition-free, mask-based surface conversion patterning as an alternative to direct writing techniques on large-area substrates by implantation. The apparatus has a 0.61 m ID and 0.51 m tall chamber, with a base pressure in the 10−8 Torr range, making it one of the largest PSII presently available. The system uses a 0.43 m ID planar rf antenna to produce dense plasma capable of large-area, uniform materials treatment. Metallic and semiconductor samples have been implanted through masks to produce small geometric patterns of interest for device manufacturing. Si gratings were also implanted to study application to smaller features. Samples are characterized by AES, TEM and variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Composition depth profiles obtained by AES and VASE are compared. Measured lateral and depth profiles are compared to the mask features to assess lateral diffusion, pattern transfer fidelity, and wall-effects. The paper also presents the results of MAGIC calculations of the flux and angle of ion trajectories through the boundary layer predicting the magnitude of flux as a function of 3-D location on objects in the expanding sheath

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