scholarly journals Modelling of forest decluttering technology along with estimation of deadwood amount

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
Sergey Karpachev ◽  
Valentin Makuev ◽  
Maksim Bykovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Technology Change ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Accuracy Index ◽  
Sampling Line ◽  
Framework Technology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values

A technology has been proposed for cleaning the forest from deadwood along with an evaluation of its total amount on the site (CFD). The basis of the deadwood quantitative evaluation is the linear intersection sampling (LIS). Within the CFD framework technology, the paper considers the technique of harvesting deadwood using a portable winch with a cable length from 40 to 120 m. A mathematical model has been developed of both the technological process and deadwood estimation. In the model, a number of sites were considered accounting for 50 to 150pcs of deadwood / ha. The results of simulation experiments have showed that the required number of sampling lines decreases in a power-law dependence with an increase in the amount of deadwood on the site and the length of the winch cable (sampling line). For the accuracy index P = 20%, the required number of sampling lines is within the range of 10-70 pcs / ha. Errors between the true values of the deadwood amount on the strip and its estimates did not exceed 7% in absolute value. At the same time, the deviation of the estimates depends neither on the amount of deadwood on the strip nor the length of the winch cable (sampling line). Errors in estimating the mean deadwood length for a sample made from the pieces that crossed sampling lines did not exceed 3%. The estimation procedure impact on the deadwood harvesting productivity proved to be negligible. The drop in performance does not exceed 1%. The impact of the amount of deadwood on the productivity on the site can be considered insignificant. With an increase in the length of the winch cable, a noticeable decrease in productivity is observed. Thus, with an increase in the length of the cable from 40 m to 120 m, productivity drops by 40%. This is due to the fact that the technology in question assumes piece skidding of deadwood. In this case, the time it takes to unwind the cable to a greater distance exceeds the time for the skid relocation. However, should the technology change, for example, in case of using a more powerful winch and skidding several trees at the same time, the situation may change.

Block-Recursive Identification of Parameters and Delay in the Presence of Noise

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Young ◽  
K. S. Suresh Rao ◽  
Vijay R. Chatufale
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian White Noise ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Recursive Identification ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Delay Term ◽  
Identification Of Parameters ◽  
Noise Simulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
True Values

This paper presents a method for identification of parameters and delays of a linear system in the presence of noise. The estimation procedure is based on transforming the input-output data into the discrete Fourier domain. The transformed data is then solved block recursively to obtain both the system parameters and unknown delay. For systems with no delays or known delays, the equations are linear in the parameters and the standard estimation techniques can be applied. For systems with unknown delays, the resulting equations are nonlinear in the delay term. A recursive nonlinear estimation technique similar to the least-squares in the time domain has been developed. In the presence of Gaussian white noise, simulation studies indicate that the parameters converge to their true values in the mean.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

Can Values of Honesty, Hard Work, Loyalty and Discipline Predict Entrepreneurial Orientation of Muslim Owner Managers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohani Mohd ◽  
Badrul Hisham Kamaruddin ◽  
Khulida Kirana Yahya ◽  
Elias Sanidas
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Innovative Orientation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values

The purpose of the present study is twofold: first, to investigate the true values of Muslim owner managers; second, to examine the impact of these values on entrepreneurial orientations of Muslim small-scale entrepreneurs. 850 Muslim owner managers were selected randomly using the sampling frame provided by MajlisAmanah Rakyat Malaysia (MARA). 162 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. For this paper only two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientations were analyzed: proactive orientation and innovative orientation. Interestingly, the findings revealed that Muslim businessmen/women are honest, loyal, disciplined and hard working. Loyalty and honesty are positively related to proactive orientation, while discipline and hard-work are positively related to innovative orientation. The findings provide implications for existing relevant theories, policy makers, practitioners and learning institutions. 

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

(Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Banasik ◽  
Dariusz Jemielniak ◽  
Wojciech P?dzich
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Teachers ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND There have been mixed results of the studies checking whether prayers do actually extend the life duration of the people prayed for. Most studies on the topic included a small number of prayers and most of them focused on people already struggling with a medical condition. Intercessory prayer’s influence on health is of scholarly interest, yet it is unclear if its effect may be dependent on the number of prayers for a named individual received per annum. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine if there is a noticeable increased longevity effect of intercessory prayer for a named individual’s well-being, if he receives a very high number of prayers per annum for an extended period. METHODS We retrieved and conducted a statistical analysis of the data about the length of life for 857 Roman Catholic bishops, 500 Catholic priests, and 3038 male academics from the US, France, Italy, Poland, Brazil, and Mexico. We obtained information for these individuals who died between 1988 and 2018 from Wikidata, and conducted an observational cohort study. Bishops were chosen for the study, as they receive millions of individual prayers for well being, according to conservative estimates. RESULTS There was a main effect for occupation F(2, 4391) = 4.07, p = .017, ηp 2 = .002, with pairwise comparisons indicating significant differences between the mean life duration of bishops (M=30489) and of priests (M=29894), but none between the academic teachers (M=30147) and either of the other groups. A comparison analysis between bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses showed no significant difference t(67.31)=1.61, p = .11. Our main outcome measure is covariance of the mean length of life in each of the categories: bishops, priests, academic teachers, controlled for nationality. CONCLUSIONS The first analysis proved that bishops live longer than priests, but due to a marginal effect size this result should be treated with caution. No difference was found between the mean length of life of bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses. We found no difference between bishops and male academics. These results show that the impact of intercessory prayers on longevity is not observable.

scholarly journals Mean Empirical Likelihood Inference for Response Mean with Data Missing at Random

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hanji He ◽  
Guangming Deng
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Likelihood ◽  
Missing At Random ◽  
Confidence Regions ◽  
Likelihood Inference ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Data Missing ◽  
Consistency And Asymptotic Normality ◽  
The Impact

We extend the mean empirical likelihood inference for response mean with data missing at random. The empirical likelihood ratio confidence regions are poor when the response is missing at random, especially when the covariate is high-dimensional and the sample size is small. Hence, we develop three bias-corrected mean empirical likelihood approaches to obtain efficient inference for response mean. As to three bias-corrected estimating equations, we get a new set by producing a pairwise-mean dataset. The method can increase the size of the sample for estimation and reduce the impact of the dimensional curse. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum mean empirical likelihood estimators are established. The finite sample performance of the proposed estimators is presented through simulation, and an application to the Boston Housing dataset is shown.

scholarly journals The impact of IFRS-based accounting standards on earnings management: evidence from Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yosra Makni Fourati ◽  
Rania Chakroun Ghorbel
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Earning Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

This study aims to examine the consequences of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence in an emerging market. More specifically, we investigate whether the adoption of the new set of accounting standards in Malaysia is associated with lower earnings management. Using a sample of 3,340 firm-year observations across three reporting periods with different levels of IFRS adoption, we provide evidence that IFRS convergence improves earning quality. In particular, we find a significant decrease in the absolute value of discretionary acccruals in the partial IFRS-convergence period (2007-2011), whereas this effect is restrictive after the complete IFRS- implementation.

scholarly journals Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum ◽  
Dziedzom K. de Souza ◽  
Odame Asiedu ◽  
Benjamin Marfo ◽  
Uche Veronica Amazigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Mobile Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control

Abstract Background The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) were employed. From 1997, CDTI became the main control strategy employed by the Ghana OCP (GOCP). This review was undertaken to assess the impact of the control interventions on onchocerciasis in Ghana between 1974 and 2016, since which time the focus has changed from control to elimination. Methods In this paper, we review programme data from 1974 to 2016 to assess the impact of control activities on prevalence indicators of onchocerciasis. This review includes an evaluation of CDTI implementation, microfilaria (Mf) prevalence assessments and rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis results. Results This review indicates that the control of onchocerciasis in Ghana has been very successful, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of infection from 69.13% [95% confidence interval) CI 60.24–78.01] in 1975 to 0.72% (95% CI 0.19–1.26) in 2015. Similarly, the mean community Mf load decreased from 14.48 MF/skin snip in 1975 to 0.07 MF/skin snip (95% CI 0.00–0.19) in 2015. Between 1997 and 2016, the therapeutic coverage increased from 58.50 to 83.80%, with nearly 100 million ivermectin tablets distributed. Conclusions Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of onchocerciasis in Ghana, there are still communities with MF prevalence above 1%. As the focus of the GOCP has changed from the control of onchocerciasis to its elimination, both guidance and financial support are required to ensure that the latter goal is met.

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