Stabilization and recycling of contaminated marine sediments

The paper deals with the treatment and reuse of submarine sediments, i.e. a relevant environmental issue due to the annual huge quantities of dredged sediments (over half contaminated) in Europe. In a vision of sustainability and circular economy, stabilization and solidification (S/S) treatments represent an interesting solution for both environmental protection and reuse of sediments in engineering works. The investigation involved polluted clayey sediments taken up to depths of about 1.5m from the seafloor of the Gulf of Taranto (South of Italy). The research investigates the effects of a treatment with cement and lime enhanced by the addition of green additives, such as active carbon and biochar, for chemical remediation. The last one is a promising and cheap adsorbent material, that is the by-product of - mainly - agricultural waste pyrolysis. The first results suggest that appropriate mix designs and curing times could allow the reuse of sediments by both improving their geotechnical characteristics and making them environmentally acceptable in accordance to end-of-waste criteria.

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Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2135

Author(s):

Hatem Alhazmi ◽

Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽

Muhammad Kashif Anwar ◽

Ali Raza ◽

Muhammad Kaleem Ullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

High Strength ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Detailed Review ◽

Comparative Review

Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.

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Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-14-1819-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 1819-1850 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Olivier Cartapanis ◽

Eric D. Galbraith ◽

Daniele Bianchi ◽

Samuel L. Jaccard

Keyword(s):

Marine Sediments ◽

Active Carbon ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Glacial Cycle ◽

Last Glacial ◽

Carbon Burial ◽

Order Constraint ◽

The Last Glacial ◽

Carbon Inventory

Abstract. Although it has long been assumed that the glacial–interglacial cycles of atmospheric CO2 occurred due to increased storage of CO2 in the ocean, with no change in the size of the “active” carbon inventory, there are signs that the geological CO2 supply rate to the active pool varied significantly. The resulting changes of the carbon inventory cannot be assessed without constraining the rate of carbon removal from the system, which largely occurs in marine sediments. The oceanic supply of alkalinity is also removed by the burial of calcium carbonate in marine sediments, which plays a major role in air–sea partitioning of the active carbon inventory. Here, we present the first global reconstruction of carbon and alkalinity burial in deep-sea sediments over the last glacial cycle. Although subject to large uncertainties, the reconstruction provides a first-order constraint on the effects of changes in deep-sea burial fluxes on global carbon and alkalinity inventories over the last glacial cycle. The results suggest that reduced burial of carbonate in the Atlantic Ocean was not entirely compensated by the increased burial in the Pacific basin during the last glacial period, which would have caused a gradual buildup of alkalinity in the ocean. We also consider the magnitude of possible changes in the larger but poorly constrained rates of burial on continental shelves, and show that these could have been significantly larger than the deep-sea burial changes. The burial-driven inventory variations are sufficiently large to have significantly altered the δ13C of the ocean–atmosphere carbon and changed the average dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity concentrations of the ocean by more than 100 µM, confirming that carbon burial fluxes were a dynamic, interactive component of the glacial cycles that significantly modified the size of the active carbon pool. Our results also suggest that geological sources and sinks were significantly unbalanced during the late Holocene, leading to a slow net removal flux on the order of 0.1 PgC yr−1 prior to the rapid input of carbon during the industrial period.

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Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-6823-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 6823-6840 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Pauli Paasonen ◽

Kaarle Kupiainen ◽

Zbigniew Klimont ◽

Antoon Visschedijk ◽

Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Coke Production ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Carbon Particles ◽

First Results ◽

Aerosol Cloud Interactions

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas–Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consistent with emissions of other pollutants and greenhouse gases. In addition to determining the general particulate number emissions, we also describe a method to estimate the number size distributions of the emitted black carbon particles. The first results show that the sources dominating the particle number emissions are different to those dominating the mass emissions. The major global number source is road traffic, followed by residential combustion of biofuels and coal (especially in China, India and Africa), coke production (Russia and China), and industrial combustion and processes. The size distributions of emitted particles differ across the world, depending on the main sources: in regions dominated by traffic and industry, the number size distribution of emissions peaks in diameters range from 20 to 50 nm, whereas in regions with intensive biofuel combustion and/or agricultural waste burning, the emissions of particles with diameters around 100 nm are dominant. In the baseline (current legislation) scenario, the particle number emissions in Europe, Northern and Southern Americas, Australia, and China decrease until 2030, whereas especially for India, a strong increase is estimated. The results of this study provide input for modelling of the future changes in aerosol–cloud interactions as well as particle number related adverse health effects, e.g. in response to tightening emission regulations. However, there are significant uncertainties in these current emission estimates and the key actions for decreasing the uncertainties are pointed out.

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The environmental protection path of world cultural heritage sites from the perspective of circular economy

International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management ◽

10.1504/ijetm.2021.117321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (5/6) ◽

pp. 493

Author(s):

Zhengfa Xie

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

World Cultural Heritage

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Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions

10.5194/acp-2015-1023 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

P. Paasonen ◽

K. Kupiainen ◽

Z. Klimont ◽

A. Visshedijk ◽

H. A. C. Denier van der Gon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Coke Production ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

First Results ◽

Particulate Number ◽

Aerosol Cloud Interactions

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future, anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consistent with emissions of other pollutants and greenhouse gases. In addition to determining the general particulate number emissions, we also describe a method to estimate the number size distributions of the emitted black carbon. The first results show that the sources dominating the particle number emissions are different to those dominating the mass emissions. The major global number source is road traffic, followed by residential combustion of biofuels and coal (especially in China, India and Africa), coke production (Russia and China), and industrial combustion and processes. The size distributions of emitted particles differ across the world, depending on the main sources: in regions dominated by traffic and industry, the number size distribution of emissions peaks in diameters range from 20 to 50 nm, whereas in regions with intensive biofuel combustion and/or agricultural waste burning, the emissions of particles with diameters around 100 nm are dominant. In the baseline (current legislation) scenario, the particle number emissions in Europe, Northern and Southern Americas, Australia, and China decrease until 2030, whereas especially for India, a strong increase is estimated. The results of this study provide input for modelling of the future changes in aerosol-cloud interactions as well as particle number related adverse health effects, e.g., in response to tightening emission regulations. However, there are significant uncertainties in these current emission estimates and the key actions for decreasing the uncertainties are pointed out.

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Bacterial population and biodegradation potential in chronically crude oil-contaminated marine sediments are strongly linked to temperature

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep11651 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Rafael Bargiela ◽

Francesca Mapelli ◽

David Rojo ◽

Bessem Chouaia ◽

Jesús Tornés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Marine Sediments ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Contaminated Marine Sediments

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ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION LOGAM Cu2+

TEKNIKA: Jurnal Teknik ◽

10.35449/teknika.v2i1.21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Dewi Putri Yuniarti

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Active Carbon ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Ash Content ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Waste Water Sample ◽

Work Shop

Many reseerches about agricultural waste shows potency from this waste to be used as high quality of active carbon that can be used as (adsorbent) on gasoline and substances dissolved at solution. One of agricultural result in South Sumatera that is enough corn cob, where is solid waste that throun just. It is impossible since corncob contains about 40 % of cellulose. So, cellulose which can be used as an active carbon. There are two basic processes in the active carbon making, those are carbonization and activation. The aim of this study was to find out how the activated time gave influence to the adsorption capacity of active carbon as the metal ion Cu2+ adsorbent. The obtained data were analysed by using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (SNI 06-6989.6-2009). Moreover, the characteristic of the active carbon was ansalysed by Standart Nacional Indutrial (SNI 06-3730-1995). From the result of study, it was obtained that the activated time of 60 minutes with the activator H3PO4 0,5 M had the best adsorption capacity of 1.97 mg/g with the metal ion Cu2+ concentration was 0,80 ppm. The characteristic of the missing part 9500C 20.54 %, water content of 11 %, ash content of 7 % and iodine number of 750.35 mg/g, pure active carbon 72.46 %, the density of bulk 0.31 g/ml, pass for the mesh size of 325 is 98 %. The adsorption capacity of active carbon from the corncob to the metal ion Cu2+ taken from the waste water sample at the shipyard painting work shop in Palembang was 0.1644 mg/g (97.60 %). Key words : Activated Carbon, Corn cob, Adsorption, AAS, Copper (II) Metal Ion.

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