scholarly journals Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Hatem Alhazmi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Anwar ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Comparative Review

Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.

scholarly journals Soil microbiomes mediate degradation of vinyl ester-based polymer composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Breister ◽  
Muhammad A. Imam ◽  
Zhichao Zhou ◽  
Md Ariful Ahsan ◽  
Juan C. Noveron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Acrylate Esters ◽  
Bacterial Groups

AbstractPolymer composites are attractive for structural applications in the built environment due to their lightweight and high strength properties but suffer from degradation due to environmental factors. While abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet light are well studied, little is known about the impacts of naturally occurring microbial communities on their structural integrity. Here we apply complementary time-series multi-omics of biofilms growing on polymer composites and materials characterization to elucidate the processes driving their degradation. We measured a reduction in mechanical properties due to biologically driven molecular chain breakage of esters and reconstructed 121 microbial genomes to describe microbial diversity and pathways associated with polymer composite degradation. The polymer composite microbiome is dominated by four bacterial groups including the Candidate Phyla Radiation that possess pathways for breakdown of acrylate, esters, and bisphenol, abundant in composites. We provide a foundation for understanding interactions of next-generation structural materials with their natural environment that can predict their durability and drive future designs.

scholarly journals New Principles of Polymer Composite Preparation. MQ Copolymers as an Active Molecular Filler for Polydimethylsiloxane Rubbers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Ivan B. Meshkov ◽  
Aleksandra A. Kalinina ◽  
Vadim V. Gorodov ◽  
Artem V. Bakirov ◽  
Sergey V. Krasheninnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Silicone Elastomers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Solvent Removal ◽  
Wide Range

Colorless transparent vulcanizates of silicone elastomers were prepared by mixing the components in a common solvent followed by solvent removal. We studied the correlation between the mechanical behavior of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-rubber compositions prepared using MQ (mono-(M) and tetra-(Q) functional siloxane) copolymers with different ratios of M and Q parts as a molecular filler. The composition and molecular structure of the original rubber, MQ copolymers, and carboxyl-containing PDMS oligomers were also investigated. The simplicity of the preparation of the compositions, high strength and elongation at break, and their variability within a wide range allows us to consider silicone elastomers as a promising alternative to silicone materials prepared by traditional methods.

scholarly journals A Review: Chemical Treatments of Rice Husk for Polymer Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12425-12433
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Chemical Treatments

Rice husk is one of the agricultural by-products produces worldwide. During the recent decade, much attention has been focused on rice husk utilization for composite materials. Apart from the rice industry's huge amount of rice husk, it has a dominant agricultural waste position due to its great properties. The treatments or modifications of fiber surface properties typically increase the adhesion properties of fibers and polymers yet affect the polymer composite's physical and mechanical properties. Prior studies revealed that chemical treatments consider as one of the most used methods for the surface treatments of agricultural fibers. This paper provides an overview of the rice husk as a reinforcing material in polymer composite. Various types of chemical treatments such as alkali, benzylation, anhydride, silane, and acetylation applied on rice husk polymer composite and their effect on physical and mechanical properties were investigated based on previous literature. Rice husk polymer composites with different chemical treatments and polymers were compiled, and their basic properties were reported. Therefore, this paper will benefit future works on rice husk chemical treatments in a composite application.

Evaluation of strength of concrete on different initial exposure condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ram Krishna Mishra ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Manoj Kulshreshtha
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Standard Practices

Background: The previous studies have focused curing effect of mainly on high strength concrete, where strict supervision is maintained. This study is based upon general purpose concreting work for commercial and residential construction in absence of skilled manpower and supervision. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish a thumb rule to provide 7 days initial curing for maintaining quality for unsupervised concreting irrelevant to type of cement and grading. Methods: In this study concrete samples made with locally available commercial cements were cured for various initial exposure. Results: The results shows that concrete cured after a gap of 4 days from the time of de-moulding have given lowest strength as compared to concrete cured in standard practices i.e. where proper curing protocol had been followed. Conclusion: Initial curing is most important aspect of gaining desired strength. The findings after this study shows that curing affects the strength of concrete in variable grading. Initial curing has great importance for concrete with all types of Portland cement. Concrete with supplementary cementitious materials gives lowest strength initially but results higher strength after 28 days as compared to Portland cement.

Promising hybrid fabrics based on carbon and aramid fibers as a reinforcing filler for polymer composites

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Zhelezina ◽  
V. G. Bova ◽  
S. I. Voinov ◽  
A. Ch. Kan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composite Material ◽  
Hybrid Fabric ◽  
Reinforcing Filler ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The paper considers possibilities of using a hybrid fabric made of high-modulus carbon yarn brand ZhGV and high-strength aramid yarns brand Rusar-NT for polymer composites reinforcement. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of hybrid composite material and values of the implementation of the strength and elasticity carbon fibers and aramid module for composite material are presented. 

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Advanced Sustainable Woven Natural Fibre Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
H. A. Aisyah ◽  
M. T. Paridah ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
R. A. Ilyas ◽  
A. Khalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

Over the last decade, the progressive application of natural fibres in polymer composites has had a major effect in alleviating environmental impacts. Recently, there is a growing interest in the development of green materials in a woven form by utilising natural fibres from lignocellulosic materials for many applications such as structural, non-structural composites, household utilities, automobile parts, aerospace components, flooring, and ballistic materials. Woven materials are one of the most promising materials for substituting or hybridising with synthetic polymeric materials in the production of natural fibre polymer composites (NFPCs). These woven materials are flexible, able to be tailored to the specific needs and have better mechanical properties due to their weaving structures. Seeing that the potential advantages of woven materials in the fabrication of NFPC, this paper presents a detailed review of studies related to woven materials. A variety of factors that influence the properties of the resultant woven NFRC such as yarn characteristics, fabric properties as well as manufacturing parameters were discussed. Past and current research efforts on the development of woven NFPCs from various polymer matrices including polypropylene, polylactic acid, epoxy and polyester and the properties of the resultant composites were also compiled. Last but not least, the applications, challenges, and prospects in the field also were highlighted.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Graphene Nanoplatelet-Nanosilica Filled Unidirectional Basalt Fibre Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Ummu Raihanah Hashim ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Basalt Fibre ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Dispersion State

Basalt fibre (BF) is one of the most promising reinforcing natural materials for polymer composites that could replace the usage of glass fibre due to its comparable properties. The aim of adding nanofiller in polymer composites is to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. In theory, the incorporation of high strength and stiffness nanofiller, namely graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), could create superior composite properties. However, the main challenges of incorporating this nanofiller are its poor dispersion state and aggregation in epoxy due to its high surface area and strong Van der Waals forces in between graphene sheets. In this study, we used one of the effective methods of functionalization to improve graphene’s dispersion and also introducing nanosilica filler to enhance platelets shear mechanism. The high dispersive silica nanospheres were introduced in the tactoids morphology of stacked graphene nanosheets in order to produce high shear forces during milling and exfoliate the GNP. The hybrid nanofiller modified epoxy polymers were impregnated into BF to evaluate the mechanical properties of the basalt fibre reinforced polymeric (BFRP) system under tensile, compression, flexural, and drop-weight impact tests. In response to the synergistic effect of zero-dimensional nanosilica and two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets enhanced the mechanical properties of BFRP, especially in Basalt fibre + 0.2 wt% GNP/15 wt% NS (BF-H0.2) with the highest increment in modulus and strength to compare with unmodified BF. These findings also revealed that the incorporation of hybrid nanofiller contributed to the improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite. BF has huge potential as an alternative to the synthetic glass fibre for the fabrication of mechanical components and structures.

Tribological Study of Polymer Composite Forming Using Model Experiments and Real Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Smerdova ◽  
Michael P.F. Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Composite Forming

This experimental study is focused on identification of tribological mechanisms acting during forming of polymer composites. The range of relevant processes includes fibre placement, tape lay-up, moulding, draping, and RTM. Two types of tribological experiments, relying both on simultaneous application of compression and shear loadings, are carried out. Firstly, model macromechanical tests are undertaken on plastic rods of millimetric diameter immersed in a viscous liquid, representing composite fibres and matrix, respectively. By careful simulation of forming conditions, this experiment helps to identify the friction phenomena occurring in real composites. On the other hand, the micromechanics of forming processes is studied through a microscopic experiment on real carbon fabric. This material is clamped between two glass plates and pulled in opposing directions in the plane of the fabric. It is hypothesized that the evolution of contact area due to shearing that can be measured in this experiment is an essential feature of the tribology of forming processes, a topic which hitherto has not been investigated.

scholarly journals Sequential Laser–Mechanical Drilling of Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) for Industrial Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Sharizal Ahmad Sobri ◽  
Robert Heinemann ◽  
David Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Thrust And Torque

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) can be costly to manufacture, but they are typically used anywhere a high strength-to-weight ratio and a high steadiness (rigidity) are needed in many industrial applications, particularly in aerospace. Drilling composites with a laser tends to be a feasible method since one of the composite phases is often in the form of a polymer, and polymers in general have a very high absorption coefficient for infrared radiation. The feasibility of sequential laser–mechanical drilling for a thick CFRP is discussed in this article. A 1 kW fibre laser was chosen as a pre-drilling instrument (or initial stage), and mechanical drilling was the final step. The sequential drilling method dropped the overall thrust and torque by an average of 61%, which greatly increased the productivity and reduced the mechanical stress on the cutting tool while also increasing the lifespan of the bit. The sequential drilling (i.e., laser 8 mm and mechanical 8 mm) for both drill bits (i.e., 2- and 3-flute uncoated tungsten carbide) and the laser pre-drilling techniques has demonstrated the highest delamination factor (SFDSR) ratios. A new laser–mechanical sequence drilling technique is thus established, assessed, and tested when thick CFRP composites are drilled.

Mechanical and Water Transport Properties of HSC with Different SCMs

2015 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Koťátková ◽  
Dana Koňáková ◽  
Eva Vejmelková ◽  
Pavel Reiterman ◽  
Jamal Akhter Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Natural Pozzolana ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crushed Brick ◽  
Water Transport Properties

Pozzolanic materials and their usage in concrete production are nowadays widely spread. Their application as additives is inherent especially for the purpose of high strength concrete. This article deals with evaluation and comparison of the influence of two different supplementary cementitious materials on the properties of high strength concrete: natural pozzolana (NP) and finely crushed brick (FCB). The studied characteristics are basic physical properties with connection to mechanical parameters, and next to this, characterization of water transport. In the scope of this study results revealed better pertinence of finely crushed brick, as the appropriate replacement of cement was found out to be up to 30%, whilst for natural pozzolana only 10% of cement substitution is favourable. The open porosity as the first indicator of both mechanical and water transport properties appeared to be lower in all studied mixtures with FCB than in the case of NP. With increasing ratio of the additive to cement there is significant worsening of mechanical and water transport parameters when NP is involved. The behaviour of mixtures with FCB is better even when high amount of cement is substituted.

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