Study on greenhouse soil nitrogen absorption and soil layer transport of different summer catch crops with different planting density in North China

In order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the environmental pollution risk of the nitrogen accumulation in the vegetable field, this study was carried out in the summer leisure period of the greenhouse vegetable production. This experiment designed different planting density treatments in 2017 and 2018, i.e. for catch waxy corn, 3300 plants/667m2 (WCD1), 5000 plants/667m2 (WCD2), 6600 plants/667m2 (WCD3), for forage sweet sorghum, 4500 plants /667m2 (FSS4), 7000 plants/667m2 (FSS5), 9000 plants/667m2 (FSS6) in 2017; and for catch waxy corn, 4500 plants/667m2 (WCDI), 7000 plants/667m2 (WCDII), 9000 plants/667m2(WCDIII), for forage sweet sorghum, 7000 plants/667m2 (FSSIV), 10000 plants/667m2 (FSSV), 14000 plants/667m2 (FSSVI) in 2018. The results showed that the biomass and nitrogen absorption of the two catch crops began to improve and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The nitrogen absorption amount of the catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum was 22.36~28.68 kg/667m2,21.67~24.39 kg/667m2, respectively. Different planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum could significantly reduce the total nitrogen content of 0~30cm soil layer and the nitrate nitrogen content of 0~90cm soil layer, for catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum, the reduction rate of total nitrogen content in 0~30cm soil layer was 9.6%~27.0%, 5.7%~23.5%, the reduction rate of nitrate nitrogen content reached 50.0%~90.8%, 80.1%~96.4%, respectively, which effectively controlled the nitrate nitrogen leaching to soil deep layer. Planting catch crops could increase soil urease activity, regulate soil nitrogen transformation. Compared with other treatments, WCDII and FSSV treatment can reduce the initial urease activity and soil nitrate nitrogen content of next crops, which is consistent with the nutrient requirements of broccoli in the early stage of growth. These catch crops planting could reduce the nitrogen environmental risk in the greenhouse soil. Finally, the study proposed that the suitable planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum planted was 6600~7000 plants/667m2, and 9000~10000 plants/667m2, respectively, in the greenhouse summer leisure period. It is more advantageous to improve soil nitrogen absorption and reduce soil nitrogen environmental risks for catch waxy corn.

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The Effect of Human Activity on the Distribution of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen in Unsaturated Zone

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.202 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 790 ◽

pp. 202-205

Author(s):

Hui Yan Gao ◽

Lu Hua Yang ◽

Tian Li ◽

Zi Peng Guo

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Human Activity ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Root Zone ◽

Deep Layer ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Growth Period ◽

Soil Nitrate

Soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen were measured respectively in planting area and non-planting area in RANZHUANG experiment station from 2011 to 2012. The effect of human activity on soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen was analyzed. The results show that soil moisture content varies from 8.61% to 30.09% within 0~250cm depth and is tended to be stable below 250cm deep layer in non-planting area. The distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen is a single peak curve, the peak moves downward at a speed of 0.81cm/d in percolation of rainfall. Soil moisture varies form 21.23% to 41.67% within 0~400cm depth and is tended to be stable below 400cm deep layer in planting area. Nitrate nitrogen is mainly accumulated at 0~100cm deep soil layer in the wheat growth period. In the maize growth period, the distribution of nitrate nitrogen is double peak curve in 0~500cm soil profile. The upper peak occurs at 40~100cm soil layer, the peak of nitrate nitrogen content is between 26.7~54.6mg/kg; the lower emerges at 150~260cm soil profile, the value is between 36.7~106.36mg/kg. Deep percolation of the nitrate nitrogen is obvious due to unreasonable irrigation and fertilization. The nitrate nitrogen content accounts for 52.3% of the total nitrate nitrogen below the root zone soil, which is a potential contamination source of groundwater.

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Observations on the effect of organic materila upon aggregation and nitrate-nitrogen content of soil

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71323 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

Armi Kaila ◽

Pertti Kivinen

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Aggregation State ◽

Water Stable Aggregates ◽

Mineral Soils ◽

Simultaneous Immobilization ◽

Properties Of Soil

In the experiments reported above the effect of organic material upon the aggregation of soil particles and the simultaneous immobilization of mineral nitrogen by microorganisms were studied. The relative amount of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.5 mm in diameter was considered to indicate the aggregation state of the soil samples. Probably, somewhat different results were obtained if the crumb formation had been determined by some other method, but it is not sure that these would have been more reliable. Since the incubation of soil samples were performed under aerobic conditions, and all the samples were mineral soils, it seemed justifiable to take the nitrate-nitrogen content of the soil samples to characterize the amount of mineral nitrogen in them. On the basis of the results the general conclusion may be drawn that the more favourable the conditions are for the development of an active and large microflora in the soil, the more intensively the crumb formation and the immobilization of nitrogen takes place, but also the destruction of aggregates begins the more rapidlv. This appeared to be true with regard to the indigenous fertility of soil as well as to the fertilization. Liming, however, did not improve the conditions in these experiment, probably due to the rather slight acidity of the soil samples used. Under otherwise similar conditions the larger amount of straw produced larger amount of aggregates, but the differences in the nitrate-nitrogen content of soil in the presence of various amounts of straw were neglibigle. Generally, the degree of immobilization of soil nitrogen seemed largely to depend on the properties of soil and on other environmental conditions, and nitrogen applications, theoretically enough for the needs of microorganisms that decomposed the straw, could not always prevent an intensive absorption of soil nitrogen. The crumb formation appeared to need mere energy-yielding material than the immobilization of nitrogen, or the destruction of crumbs occurred more rapidly than the nitrification of microbiologically bound nitrogen.

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Prediction of nitrate nitrogen content in soil using machine learning

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2021-5-11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 91-100

Author(s):

V. K. Kalichkin ◽

T. A. Luzhnykh ◽

V. S. Riksen ◽

N. V. Vasilyeva ◽

V. A. Shpak

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Posteriori Probability ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Trust Network ◽

A Posteriori Probability

The possibilities and feasibility of using the Bayesian network of trust and logistic regression to predict the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer before sowing have been investigated. Data from long-term multifactor ﬁeld experience at the Siberian Research Institute of Farming and Agricultural Chemization of SFSCA RAS for 2013-2018 were used to train the models. The experiment was established on leached chernozem in the central forest-steppe subzone in 1981 in the Novosibirsk region. Considering the characteristics of the statistical sample (observation and analysis data), the main predictors of the models aﬀecting nitrate nitrogen content in soil were identiﬁed. The Bayesian trust network is constructed as an acyclic graph, in which the main (basic) nodes and their relationships are denoted. Network nodes are represented by qualitative and quantitative plot parameters (soil subtype, forecrop, tillage, weather conditions) with corresponding gradations (events). The network assigns a posteriori probability of events for the target node (nitrate-nitrogen content in the 0-40 cm soil layer) as a result of experts completing the conditional probability table, taking into account the analysis of empirical data. Two scenarios were analyzed to test the sustainability of the network and satisfactory results were obtained. The result of the logistic regression is the coeﬃcients characterizing the closeness of the relationship between the dependent variable and the predictors. The coeﬃcient of determination of the logistic regression is 0.7. This indicates that the quality of the model can be considered acceptable for forecasting. A comparative assessment of the predictive capabilities of the trained models is given. The overall proportion of correct predictions for the Bayesian conﬁdence network is 84%, for logistic regression it is 87%.

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Influence of growing various crops in five different fixed rotations on the changes in nitrate and total nitrogen content of soils

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600044385 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 609-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. N. Sharma ◽

A. L. Bhandari ◽

M. L. Kapur ◽

D. S. Rana

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Total Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil N ◽

Total N ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Total Soil N

SummaryThe results on the influence of various crops in five different fixed rotations on the ohanges in nitrate and total N content of soils are reported. Groundnut contributed largely to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile (to a depth of 120 cm). Bajra fodder exhausted the soil nitrogen reserve to a great extent. Wheat and maize, in a rotation, reduced nitrate leaching to deeper soil layers. Summer moong also left a large amount of unabsorbed nitrate in the profile. Total nitrogen content of the soil decreased after the harvest of cereals. Maximum depletion occurred after the harvest of bajra crop. Potato (a crop which received a heavy dressing of N fertilizer) and legumes contributed to the soil N reserve. A balance sheet of N indicated net gains of total soil N in four of the five cropping sequences. A net loss of 75 kg N/ha was observed in bajra fodder-potato-wheat rotation.

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Recovery of available soil nitrogen by annual fodder crops at Katherine, Northern Territory

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9600693 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 693 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R Wetselaar ◽

MJT Norman

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Nitrogen Yield ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Fallow Soil ◽

Fodder Crops ◽

Considerable Depth ◽

Grass Ley

In 1958-59, a field trial was carried out at Katherine, N.T., to compare the recovery. of available soil nitrogen by fodder sorghum, Sudan grass, and bulrush millet when grown after an all-grass ley, a legume ley, and a long period of fallow. After 6 years of grass, available soil nitrogen remained low throughout the cropping season at all soil levels to a depth of 5 ft, and nitrogen yield from the fodder crops averaged only 17 lb/acre. After 7 years of Townsville lucerne, available soil nitrogen was low at the start of the season, but soil nitrogen was quickly mineralized and, in the absence of a crop, was leached to give a peak concentration of nitrate nitrogen at 2–3 ft. All three crops intercepted this mineral nitrogen efficiently to give an average aboveground nitrogen yield of 75 lb/acre, approximately half the nitrate nitrogen available in the 5 ft soil layer on uncropped land at the end of the season. After 5 years of clean fallow, soil nitrogen had been mineralized and leached to a considerable depth, 260 lb of nitrate nitrogen per acre being accumulated in the 0–5 ft layer. Fodder sorghum and Sudan grass depleted soil nitrogen appreciably in the 0–2 ft layer, and gave an average above-ground nitrogen yield of 62 lb/acre. Bulrush millet depleted soil nitrogen throughout the 0–5 ft profile to give a nitrogen yield of 154 lb/acre. Bulrush millet is therefore regarded at Katherine as an outstanding crop for the recovery of deep accumulations of soil nitrate nitrogen and their conversion to harvestable fodder protein.

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Calibration of Nitrogen Content of Soil with Sweet Corn

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.55.2006.1.24 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 223-230

Author(s):

István Buzás ◽

E. Hoyk ◽

I. Cserni ◽

J. Bors-Pető

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Beet Root ◽

Matter Production

It was found that quantitative and qualitative indices of the sweet corn yield correlate with the nitrate nitrogen content of the upper soil layer (0-30 cm). As no correlation was established between the nitrate nitrogen content of the lower layers and the sweet corn, the conclusion was drawn that the quantity of sweet corn yield is determined even before its roots reach deeper down than 30 cm and the nitrogen content of the lower layers could affect the sweet corn. Depending on the NO 3 -N content of the soil before fertilization the maximal corn ear mass achievable with fertilization may vary. In the study the same yield could not be accomplished in the case of the lowest soil nitrogen concentration (2.9 mg NO 3 -N/kg) with the highest fertilizer rate (200 kg N/ha) - but probably irrespective of any amount of fertilizer - as on the soil of 4.6 mg NO 3 -N/kg. In the case of the poorly supplied soil the fertilization curve becomes flat sooner or turns negative. The phenomenon that, regarding various soils, the maximal yield achievable on soils with good production features with fertilization is higher than in the case of soils having worse features, is well-known. That this fact is also valid in the case of the same soils was expected after calibration experiments carried out with winter oilseed rape and beet root, but it has not been proven for sweet corn as yet. The results also showed that the grain dry matter production of sweet corn per hectare can still be enhanced with the increase in the soil's nitrogen supply, even if the corn ear does not grow. The presented calibration curves show - in the range of 2.9-4.6 mg NO 3 -N/kg soil - how much corn ear and grain dry matter produce are expected on soils with differing nitrogen supply, distributing 0-200 kg nitrogen fertilizer in spring.

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CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS WHEN LONG-TERM MINIMIZING OF TILLAGE ACCORDING TO VARIOUS FORECROPS

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2019-52-3-59-66 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

V. E. Sineshchekov ◽

G. I. Tkachenko

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Treatment ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Grain Crops ◽

River Region

In a multifactor stationary field experiment on the area of the Elitnoye Holding in the Novosibirsk region (central forest-steppe subzone) in 2002-2018 the seasonal dynamics of nitrate nitrogen in the fields of four full grain-steam crop rotation by steam and grain predecessors against an extensive background (without chemical means) in four versions of the main mechanical treatment of leached black soil was investigated. Along with this, the productivity of grain crops was studied with long-term minimization of the main tillage on extensive and intensive backgrounds. The authors found out that in the central forest-steppe of the Ob river region before sowing grain crops according to the various methods of steam preparation most of all in the meter layer of nitrate soil was found in black steam with plowing (150 kg / ha) and less in variants with soil-protective treatments (132-141 kg / ha ). The lowest level of this element in the soil (124 kg / ha) in spring was noted by the early minimum steam. Before sowing the second wheat after steam, the nitrate nitrogen content in the meter soil layer for plowing (79 kg / ha) was slightly higher than in the options with soil treatment (61-64 kg / ha). In the final field of crop rotation, regardless of the studied soil cultivation systems, the minimum initial amount of nitrogen (56-57 kg / ha) was noted. By the end of the growing season of crops, the nitrate content in the soil was sharply reduced. Before harvesting wheat by steam, the nitrogen content in the upper meter profile was 41-55 kg / ha, for grain precursors even less - 27-33 kg / ha. The steam yield of grain crops on extensive and intensive backgrounds was 3.09-3.21 and 3.96-4.02 t / ha, respectively, and practically did not depend on the methods of its preparation. On repeated sowing the wheat yield in comparison with an extensive background in plowing (1.26-1.79 t / ha) was significantly higher than in the studied options for minimizing the main tillage (1.02-1.55 t / ha). When optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants and the phytosanitary situation of crops, wheat productivity by grain predecessors in crop rotation fields increased 2.0-2.9 times without significant differences in soil treatment options.

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Effect of thinning on the amount of mineral nitrogen

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/5/2018-jfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 289-295

Author(s):

Holík Ladislav ◽

Rosíková Jana ◽

Vranová Valerie

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

The Other ◽

Small Decrease ◽

The Impact ◽

The Given ◽

Soil Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Insight Into

The soil nitrogen cycle and the dynamics of its transformation are closely related to the functioning of the forest ecosystem. This cycle, and the availability of nitrogen as a necessary nutrient in the soil, can be influenced by the process of thinning. The aim of this study is to describe the impact of silvicultural measures on the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in forest soil. Attention is paid to the organic (spruce treatments) and organomineral horizon (beech treatments) in which the transformation of soil nitrogen is most pronounced. Spruce treatments at the Rájec-Němčice area and beech stands at the Březina area, both in the region of Drahanská vrchovina (Czech Republic), were selected for the experiments. Two variants of thinning thinning from below and thinning from above, were performed in the spruce treatments, and thinning from above was performed in the beech treatments. Control variants with no silvicultural measures were defined in both treatments. The amount of ammonium nitrogen in the spruce treatments with thinning from above was in most cases higher than in the other variants. On the contrary, in variant with thinning from below, the ammonium nitrogen content decreased. In terms of the nitrate nitrogen content, the values were generally higher for variants with silvicultural measures than for the control variants. In the beech treatments, the amount of ammonium nitrogen increased and, on the contrary, there was a small decrease in the amount of nitrate nitrogen due to the effect of thinning from above. The differences between thinning from above and the control variants in the beech treatments were less noticeable than in the spruce treatments. Overall, however, it can be said that the nitrogen content available to the vegetation increased. The results of the given experiment provide insight into the trends of nitrogen mineralization intensity in stands in which silvicultural measures are performed.

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