scholarly journals Prediction of nitrate nitrogen content in soil using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
V. K. Kalichkin ◽  
T. A. Luzhnykh ◽  
V. S. Riksen ◽  
N. V. Vasilyeva ◽  
V. A. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Posteriori Probability ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Trust Network ◽  
A Posteriori Probability

The possibilities and feasibility of using the Bayesian network of trust and logistic regression to predict the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer before sowing have been investigated. Data from long-term multifactor field experience at the Siberian Research Institute of Farming and Agricultural Chemization of SFSCA RAS for 2013-2018 were used to train the models. The experiment was established on leached chernozem in the central forest-steppe subzone in 1981 in the Novosibirsk region. Considering the characteristics of the statistical sample (observation and analysis data), the main predictors of the models affecting nitrate nitrogen content in soil were identified. The Bayesian trust network is constructed as an acyclic graph, in which the main (basic) nodes and their relationships are denoted. Network nodes are represented by qualitative and quantitative plot parameters (soil subtype, forecrop, tillage, weather conditions) with corresponding gradations (events). The network assigns a posteriori probability of events for the target node (nitrate-nitrogen content in the 0-40 cm soil layer) as a result of experts completing the conditional probability table, taking into account the analysis of empirical data. Two scenarios were analyzed to test the sustainability of the network and satisfactory results were obtained. The result of the logistic regression is the coefficients characterizing the closeness of the relationship between the dependent variable and the predictors. The coefficient of determination of the logistic regression is 0.7. This indicates that the quality of the model can be considered acceptable for forecasting. A comparative assessment of the predictive capabilities of the trained models is given. The overall proportion of correct predictions for the Bayesian confidence network is 84%, for logistic regression it is 87%.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS WHEN LONG-TERM MINIMIZING OF TILLAGE ACCORDING TO VARIOUS FORECROPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
V. E. Sineshchekov ◽  
G. I. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
River Region

In a multifactor stationary field experiment on the area of the Elitnoye Holding in the Novosibirsk region (central forest-steppe subzone) in 2002-2018 the seasonal dynamics of nitrate nitrogen in the fields of four full grain-steam crop rotation by steam and grain predecessors against an extensive background (without chemical means) in four versions of the main mechanical treatment of leached black soil was investigated. Along with this, the productivity of grain crops was studied with long-term minimization of the main tillage on extensive and intensive backgrounds. The authors found out that in the central forest-steppe of the Ob river region before sowing grain crops according to the various methods of steam preparation most of all in the meter layer of nitrate soil was found in black steam with plowing (150 kg / ha) and less in variants with soil-protective treatments (132-141 kg / ha ). The lowest level of this element in the soil (124 kg / ha) in spring was noted by the early minimum steam. Before sowing the second wheat after steam, the nitrate nitrogen content in the meter soil layer for plowing (79 kg / ha) was slightly higher than in the options with soil treatment (61-64 kg / ha). In the final field of crop rotation, regardless of the studied soil cultivation systems, the minimum initial amount of nitrogen (56-57 kg / ha) was noted. By the end of the growing season of crops, the nitrate content in the soil was sharply reduced. Before harvesting wheat by steam, the nitrogen content in the upper meter profile was 41-55 kg / ha, for grain precursors even less - 27-33 kg / ha. The steam yield of grain crops on extensive and intensive backgrounds was 3.09-3.21 and 3.96-4.02 t / ha, respectively, and practically did not depend on the methods of its preparation. On repeated sowing the wheat yield in comparison with an extensive background in plowing (1.26-1.79 t / ha) was significantly higher than in the studied options for minimizing the main tillage (1.02-1.55 t / ha). When optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants and the phytosanitary situation of crops, wheat productivity by grain predecessors in crop rotation fields increased 2.0-2.9 times without significant differences in soil treatment options.

The Effect of Human Activity on the Distribution of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen in Unsaturated Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Hui Yan Gao ◽  
Lu Hua Yang ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Zi Peng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Nitrate

Soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen were measured respectively in planting area and non-planting area in RANZHUANG experiment station from 2011 to 2012. The effect of human activity on soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen was analyzed. The results show that soil moisture content varies from 8.61% to 30.09% within 0~250cm depth and is tended to be stable below 250cm deep layer in non-planting area. The distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen is a single peak curve, the peak moves downward at a speed of 0.81cm/d in percolation of rainfall. Soil moisture varies form 21.23% to 41.67% within 0~400cm depth and is tended to be stable below 400cm deep layer in planting area. Nitrate nitrogen is mainly accumulated at 0~100cm deep soil layer in the wheat growth period. In the maize growth period, the distribution of nitrate nitrogen is double peak curve in 0~500cm soil profile. The upper peak occurs at 40~100cm soil layer, the peak of nitrate nitrogen content is between 26.7~54.6mg/kg; the lower emerges at 150~260cm soil profile, the value is between 36.7~106.36mg/kg. Deep percolation of the nitrate nitrogen is obvious due to unreasonable irrigation and fertilization. The nitrate nitrogen content accounts for 52.3% of the total nitrate nitrogen below the root zone soil, which is a potential contamination source of groundwater.

scholarly journals Calibration of Nitrogen Content of Soil with Sweet Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
István Buzás ◽  
E. Hoyk ◽  
I. Cserni ◽  
J. Bors-Pető
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Matter Production

It was found that quantitative and qualitative indices of the sweet corn yield correlate with the nitrate nitrogen content of the upper soil layer (0-30 cm). As no correlation was established between the nitrate nitrogen content of the lower layers and the sweet corn, the conclusion was drawn that the quantity of sweet corn yield is determined even before its roots reach deeper down than 30 cm and the nitrogen content of the lower layers could affect the sweet corn.  Depending on the NO 3 -N content of the soil before fertilization the maximal corn ear mass achievable with fertilization may vary. In the study the same yield could not be accomplished in the case of the lowest soil nitrogen concentration (2.9 mg NO 3 -N/kg) with the highest fertilizer rate (200 kg N/ha) - but probably irrespective of any amount of fertilizer - as on the soil of 4.6 mg NO 3 -N/kg. In the case of the poorly supplied soil the fertilization curve becomes flat sooner or turns negative. The phenomenon that, regarding various soils, the maximal yield achievable on soils with good production features with fertilization is higher than in the case of soils having worse features, is well-known. That this fact is also valid in the case of the same soils was expected after calibration experiments carried out with winter oilseed rape and beet root, but it has not been proven for sweet corn as yet.  The results also showed that the grain dry matter production of sweet corn per hectare can still be enhanced with the increase in the soil's nitrogen supply, even if the corn ear does not grow.  The presented calibration curves show - in the range of 2.9-4.6 mg NO 3 -N/kg soil - how much corn ear and grain dry matter produce are expected on soils with differing nitrogen supply, distributing 0-200 kg nitrogen fertilizer in spring.

scholarly journals Study on greenhouse soil nitrogen absorption and soil layer transport of different summer catch crops with different planting density in North China

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Pei Zhiqiang ◽  
Lu Shuchang ◽  
Wang Xi ◽  
Hou Kun ◽  
Ya Zongjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Waxy Corn

In order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the environmental pollution risk of the nitrogen accumulation in the vegetable field, this study was carried out in the summer leisure period of the greenhouse vegetable production. This experiment designed different planting density treatments in 2017 and 2018, i.e. for catch waxy corn, 3300 plants/667m2 (WCD1), 5000 plants/667m2 (WCD2), 6600 plants/667m2 (WCD3), for forage sweet sorghum, 4500 plants /667m2 (FSS4), 7000 plants/667m2 (FSS5), 9000 plants/667m2 (FSS6) in 2017; and for catch waxy corn, 4500 plants/667m2 (WCDI), 7000 plants/667m2 (WCDII), 9000 plants/667m2(WCDIII), for forage sweet sorghum, 7000 plants/667m2 (FSSIV), 10000 plants/667m2 (FSSV), 14000 plants/667m2 (FSSVI) in 2018. The results showed that the biomass and nitrogen absorption of the two catch crops began to improve and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The nitrogen absorption amount of the catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum was 22.36~28.68 kg/667m2,21.67~24.39 kg/667m2, respectively. Different planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum could significantly reduce the total nitrogen content of 0~30cm soil layer and the nitrate nitrogen content of 0~90cm soil layer, for catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum, the reduction rate of total nitrogen content in 0~30cm soil layer was 9.6%~27.0%, 5.7%~23.5%, the reduction rate of nitrate nitrogen content reached 50.0%~90.8%, 80.1%~96.4%, respectively, which effectively controlled the nitrate nitrogen leaching to soil deep layer. Planting catch crops could increase soil urease activity, regulate soil nitrogen transformation. Compared with other treatments, WCDII and FSSV treatment can reduce the initial urease activity and soil nitrate nitrogen content of next crops, which is consistent with the nutrient requirements of broccoli in the early stage of growth. These catch crops planting could reduce the nitrogen environmental risk in the greenhouse soil. Finally, the study proposed that the suitable planting density of catch waxy corn and forage sweet sorghum planted was 6600~7000 plants/667m2, and 9000~10000 plants/667m2, respectively, in the greenhouse summer leisure period. It is more advantageous to improve soil nitrogen absorption and reduce soil nitrogen environmental risks for catch waxy corn.

scholarly journals NITROGEN REGIME OF PEAT SOIL IN NORTHERN PART OF TRANS-URALS ZONE

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Reclamation System

The paper highlights the results of many-year (1982-1992, 2011-2014 гг.) research on the concentration of mineral nitrogen in the arable medium peat soil layer of the forest-steppe of Trans Urals zone. The research was carried out on the experimental-reclamation system Reshetnikovo located in the central part of the Tarman bog on the second lacustrine-alluvial basin of the Tura River in Tyumen region. The soils on the experimental plot have a slightly acidic reaction (5.2 - 5.9), relatively low hydrolytic acidity (28.1 - 40.8 mg-eqv/100 g of soil), relatively low degree of base saturation (61.7 - 75.5%), high gross nitrogen concentration (3.1 - 3.9%), low concentration of phosphorus (0.09 - 0.14%) and potassium (0.02 - 0.05%). The researchers found out that mineralization of peat is slow and almost always fails to provide sufficient and continuous supply of nitrogen, despite its large gross reserves. Due to insufficient number of mobile nitrogen compounds from peat organic matter during the growing season it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers. When peat soils contain low concentrations of phosphorus (0.7 - 3.7 mg/100 g of soil), the highest number of nitrate nitrogen is accumulated in the arable layer under perennial grasses due to its low consumption for the yield. Re-reclaimed peat soil is characterized by negative nitrogen concentration. As perennial grasses require nitrogen, it is fulfilled by means of fertilizers on 41.4 - 72%. The authors observed a tendency of reducing nitrate reserves under perennial grasses even if nitrogen fertilizers are applied. This indicates a decrease in the mineralization rate of peat organic matter. The ammonium nitrogen concentration increases. Discontinuance of nitrogen fertilizers use reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration on 30-49% in the first year and on 46.7-59.1% by the end of the fourth year of after-effect. The amount of ammonium nitrogen increases in 1.6-3.7 times in 4 years.

scholarly journals The influence of primary tillage methods on the dynamics of moisture reserves and the yield of peas in the forest-steppe of the European part of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
O. V. Bukin ◽  
D. V. Bochkarev ◽  
A. N. Nikolsky ◽  
N. V. Smolin
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
European Part ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Direct Sowing

Relevance and methods. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019. on podzolized chernozem in the forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. Weather conditions during the years of research varied from humid to extremely arid. Intensive methods of tillage helped to reduce soil moisture before sowing peas.Results. Compared to direct sowing, humidity decreased by 11–39% in the upper soil layer, by 5–12% in the arable horizon. Productive moisture reserves were lower for plowing and discing than for direct sowing: 21–33% before sowing, and 27–34% in the budding phase. The maximum differences in the reserves of productive moisture between the methods of tillage were noted in 2018 during the phase of pea budding. In the cases with plowing and discing, the moisture content decreased in the horizon of 0–30 cm to critical values of 0–10 mm/ha. Significant differences in pea productivity between options with tillage were revealed only in 2019. The maximum yield was observed on plowing – 5.54 t/ha, the minimum on the option with direct sowing — 5.54 t/ha. Under drought conditions, maximum yields were observed in the variant with direct sowing of pea seeds.

scholarly journals Biological and agrotechnical bases of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana bertoni) cultivation in the Forest-steppe and the Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
E. Ermantraut ◽  
V. Stefaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The necessity of growing stevia in the Forest-Steppe and the Ukrainian Steppe has been theoretically substantiated and practically proved. Breeding methods and basic elements of stevia growing technology are developed on the basis of the plant biological characteristics, its adaptive potential and varieties analysis. Research results. The recommended technology has ensured the maximum implementation of the biological potential of stevia plants, which is manifested in more intensive growth and development of plants, significantly increased the yield of green mass and dry leaves compared with the control, respectively, by 6.2 and 1.1 t/ha. In order to obtain stevia dry leaves yield at the level of 3.5–4.0 t/ha it is recommended to sow the new generation varieties of domestic breeding: Halyna, Maryna, Kateryna; stevia propagation method was proposed (Patent No. 119472, 2017). Over the years of testing, the annual economic effect amounted to 585.1 thousand UAH. Conclusions. 1. The theoretical basis of the recommended stevia cultivation technology is the determination of the patterns of leaf mass formation, photosynthetic potential and the net productivity of photosynthesis depending on the varietal composition of the elements of growing technology and weather conditions of the growing season. 2. To get a yield of stevia dry leaves at the level of 3.5–4.0 t/ha it is recommended: - to grow stevia in the regions where the annual amount of precipitation year is 460–560 mm, including 322-460 mm for the vegetation period, the moisture content in 100 cm soil layer – 150–180 mm, the amount of temperature during the period of active vegetation – 2450–2800 °C, STC – 0.8-1.3; - to sow varieties of domestic breeding: Berehynya, Slavutych, Halyna, Maryna, Kateryna. 3. Growing stevia by seedlings method should be carried out on May 20–30 in a 70x16 cm pattern. Key words: stevia, introduction, cultivation technology, varieties, reproduction methods, fertilization, seeds stimulation, yield.

scholarly journals Influence of Weather Conditions and Climate Oscillations on the Pine Looper Bupalus piniaria (L.) Outbreaks in the Forest-Steppe of the West Siberian Plain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Denis A. Demidko ◽  
Svetlana M. Sultson ◽  
Pavel V. Mikhaylov ◽  
Sergey V. Verkhovets
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
The West ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Atmospheric Processes

The pine looper Bupalus piniaria (L.) is one of the most common pests feeding on the Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. Pine looper outbreaks show a feature of periodicity and have significant ecological and economic impacts. Climate and weather factors play an important role in pine looper outbreak occurrence. We tried to determine what weather conditions precede B. piniaria outbreaks in the southeast of the West Siberian Plain and what climate oscillations cause them. Due to the insufficient duration and incompleteness of documented observations on outbreaks, we used the history of pine looper outbreaks reconstructed using dendrochronological data. Using logistic regression, we found that the factor influencing an outbreak the most is the weather four years before it. A combination of warm spring, dry summer, and cool autumn triggers population growth. Summer weather two years before an outbreak is also critical: humidity higher than the average annual value in summer is favorable for the pine looper. The logistic regression model predicted six out of seven outbreaks that occurred during the period for which weather data are available. We discovered a link between outbreaks and climatic oscillations (mainly for the North Atlantic oscillation, Pacific/North America index, East Atlantic/Western Russia, West Pacific, and Scandinavian patterns). However, outbreak predictions based on the teleconnection patterns turned out to be unreliable. We believe that the complexity of the interaction between large-scale atmospheric processes makes the direct influence of individual oscillations on weather conditions relatively small. Furthermore, climate changes in recent decades modulated atmospheric processes changing the pattern predicting pine looper outbreaks: Autumn became warmer four years before an outbreak, and summer two years before became drier.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

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