scholarly journals Clothing behaviour in Belgian homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Silke Verbruggen ◽  
Els De Ceuster ◽  
Marc Delghust ◽  
Jelle Laverge
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
The Mean

Clothing has a direct influence on the thermal comfort of an occupant and so, indirectly on the energy use of a building. Literary sources point out a lack of data about clothing behaviour in residential buildings. In order to assess the clothing behaviour two kinds of surveys are created: logbook surveys and online questionnaires. Both surveys are executed between March 11 and April 5, 2019. The mean clothing insulation worn during the investigation period is 0.58 clo. This clo-value differs from the clothing insulation values provided by Fanger, which are 1.0 clo for winter months and 0.5 clo for summer months. The influence of the indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, weather history memory, gender and age on the clothing behaviour is analysed. All variables have a small significant influence on the clo-value. It was found that occupants tend to wear the same clothes when they are at home. So, each participant clothes him/herself to be comfortable in their clothes and in the temperature of their own room. People who are used to live in lower indoor temperatures will, and are used to, wear more clothing insulation to be thermally comfortable than people living in warmer indoor temperatures. An adjustment in clothing behaviour can make a big impact on the energy use of residential buildings. A decrease in indoor temperature of 1°C can lead to heating energy savings of 10%. To remain thermally comfortable, the occupant must only wear an extra insulation value of 0.17 clo, which corresponds with a shirt. The question remains if occupants will effectively use the opportunity of changing clothes to lower their energy use.

scholarly journals Thermochromic Paints on External Surfaces: Impact Assessment for a Residential Building through Thermal and Energy Simulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Granadeiro ◽  
Margarida Almeida ◽  
Tiago Souto ◽  
Vítor Leal ◽  
João Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Step Transition ◽  
Linear Manner

This work addresses the effect of using thermochromic paints in residential buildings. Two different thermochromic paint types were considered: One that changes properties through a step transition at a certain temperature, and another that changes properties in a gradual/linear manner throughout a temperature range. The studied building was a two-floor villa, virtually simulated through a digital model with and without thermal insulation, and considering thermochromic paints applied both on external walls and on the roof. The performance assessment was done through the energy use for heating and cooling (in conditioned mode), as well as in terms of the indoor temperature (in free-floating mode). Three different cities/climates were considered: Porto, Madrid, and Abu Dhabi. Results showed that energy savings up to 50.6% could be reached if the building is operated in conditioned mode. Conversely, when operated in free-floating mode, optimally selected thermochromic paints enable reductions up to 11.0 °C, during summertime, and an increase up to 2.7 °C, during wintertime. These results point out the great benefits of using optimally selected thermochromic paints for obtaining thermal comfort, and also the need to further develop stable and cost-effective thermochromic pigments for outdoor applications, as well as to test physical models in a real environment.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Energy Retrofitting, a Simulation for Potential Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Palestine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Sameh Monna ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Patrick Dutournie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads

Since buildings are one of the major contributors to global warming, efforts should be intensified to make them more energy-efficient, particularly existing buildings. This research intends to analyze the energy savings from a suggested retrofitting program using energy simulation for typical existing residential buildings. For the assessment of the energy retrofitting program using computer simulation, the most commonly utilized residential building types were selected. The energy consumption of those selected residential buildings was assessed, and a baseline for evaluating energy retrofitting was established. Three levels of retrofitting programs were implemented. These levels were ordered by cost, with the first level being the least costly and the third level is the most expensive. The simulation models were created for two different types of buildings in three different climatic zones in Palestine. The findings suggest that water heating, space heating, space cooling, and electric lighting are the highest energy consumers in ordinary houses. Level one measures resulted in a 19–24 percent decrease in energy consumption due to reduced heating and cooling loads. The use of a combination of levels one and two resulted in a decrease of energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting by 50–57%. The use of the three levels resulted in a decrease of 71–80% in total energy usage for heating, cooling, lighting, water heating, and air conditioning.

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multi-Unit Residential Building – Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate

A humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation system is known for many years. It has been developed and commonly applied in regions with an oceanic climate. Some attempts were made to introduce this solution in Poland in a much severe continental climate. The article evaluates this system's performance and energy consumption applied in an 8-floor multi-unit residential building, virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency NAPE, Poland. The simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole hating season for Warsaw's climate. Besides passive stack ventilation that worked as a reference, two versions of humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation were checked. The difference between them lies in applying the additional roof fans that convert the system to hybrid. The study confirmed that the application of demand-controlled ventilation in multi-unit residential buildings in a continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) leads to significant energy savings. However, the efforts to ensure acceptable indoor air quality require hybrid ventilation, which reduces the energy benefits. It is especially visible when primary energy use is analyzed.

Sustainability and cost assessment of coastal vacation homes for energy retrofits

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalesh Panthi ◽  
Kanchan Das ◽  
Tarek Abdel-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Energy Use Intensity

Purpose Vacation rental homes, in general, have different energy usage characteristics than traditional residential homes mainly because of the occupancy pattern that changes on a weekly basis. These homes, predominantly larger in size, offer a greater scope for energy savings also because of the wasteful habits of their seasonal occupants. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes of energy inefficiencies prevalent in these homes so that appropriate retrofit choices can be offered to homeowners. Design/methodology/approach This research presents a case study of a vacation rental home whose energy consumption was investigated in depth and energy inefficiencies identified through modeling using energy modeling software, eQUEST. Simulations were performed to identify viable retrofit scenarios. Findings While improvement in the building envelope such as providing shades/overhangs on the windows, reducing infiltration and increasing insulation of the exterior wall did not show promising results for savings on energy cost, other improvements such as use of highly efficient lamps, tank-less water heater system and occupancy sensors showed viable investment options with shorter payback periods. It was also found that energy use intensity of sampled houses was about half of the average of US residential buildings, which could primarily be attributed to the seasonal nature of occupancy of these houses. Originality/value There is a dearth of literature pertaining to energy efficiency-related retrofits of coastal vacation homes. This research fills that gap to some extent by addressing this issue with an ultimate aim of assisting homeowners in retrofit decision-making.

scholarly journals INTELLIGENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BASED ON ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY

2013 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
SANGEETA MODI ◽  
RITU NAIYA ◽  
SHAIK SHABANA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Present Scheme ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Zigbee Technology

Energy consumption in residential buildings account for 20 to 40 per cent of total energy consumed in a country and therefore represents a significant and potential source of energy savings. An Intelligent Energy Management System can contribute to major reductions of energy use in hundreds of millions of buildings. This paper gives an overview of sensor technology and wireless networks in the development of an intelligent energy management system for residential buildings (IEMSRB). This technology has ample potential to change the way we live and work. In this paper ZigBee is used as a communication medium in building intelligent energy management system. From the prototype setup, it is shown that ZigBee is a suitable technology to be adopted as the communication infrastructure in energy management system for residential buildings .The performance analysis discussed in this paper verifies the effectiveness of using ZigBee in energy management system. The novelty of the present scheme is its ability to save the energy and improve the performance as it learns and gains more experience in real-time operations. Results also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve the minimum electricity cost for residential customers. The proposed system can be installed and maintained in residential environments with ease.

Field Study on Human Thermal Adaptation in Summer of Tibetan Dwellings in Kangding, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Xiao Ji Song ◽  
Wu Xing Zheng ◽  
Quan He ◽  
Yi Mei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Environment Parameters

In order to study the human thermal adaptation in Tibetan dwellings of Kangding Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, selected 4 dwellings in Tagong and Zhonggu village as the research objects and used the method of objective thermal environment parameters test combined with the subjective questionnaire, and got a total of 119 valid samples, the data analysis results show that indoor air temperature in this area was low, average clothing insulation was 0.75clo and it correlated with outdoor temperature was stronger than that with indoor temperature. The change rate of human thermal sensation changing along with outdoor temperature was 0.113 per temperature and it was 0.147 per temperature changing along with indoor temperature. Thermal neutral temperature was 18.5°C and preferred temperature was 20.65°C, neutral temperature was lower than preferred temperature but closer to average indoor temperature (17.36°C).

Evaluation of Measurement and Verification Procedures for Retrofit Savings Using Calibrated Energy Building Models

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Kalinic ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Measurement And Verification ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Energy Conservation Measures

Calibrated energy simulations are often used to predict savings from energy conservation measures with little information about their associated prediction uncertainties. In this paper, the savings predicted by calibrated simulation models are compared to actual savings obtained through monitoring energy use before and after implementing selected energy conservation measures for three residential buildings. Both building envelope and HVAC system related energy conservation measures are considered in the study. Through case studies, this validity of using calibrated energy models for the estimation and verification of savings associated with energy conservation measures is thoroughly evaluated. Moreover, the paper provides useful guidelines for using calibrated models for measurement and verification energy savings from various weatherization programs specific to residential buildings.

scholarly journals Estimating Smart Wi-Fi Thermostat-Enabled Thermal Comfort Control Savings for Any Residence

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-760
Author(s):  
Abdulelah D. Alhamayani ◽  
Qiancheng Sun ◽  
Kevin P. Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Vote Model ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm

Nowadays, most indoor cooling control strategies are based solely on the dry-bulb temperature, which is not close to a guarantee of thermal comfort of occupants. Prior research has shown cooling energy savings from use of a thermal comfort control methodology ranging from 10 to 85%. The present research advances prior research to enable thermal comfort control in residential buildings using a smart Wi-Fi thermostat. “Fanger’s Predicted Mean Vote model” is used to define thermal comfort. A machine learning model leveraging historical smart Wi-Fi thermostat data and outdoor temperature is trained to predict indoor temperature. A Long Short-Term-Memory neural network algorithm is employed for this purpose. The model considers solar heat input estimations to a residence as input features. The results show that this approach yields a substantially improved ability to accurately model and predict indoor temperature. Secondly, it enables a more accurate estimation of potential savings from thermal comfort control. Cooling energy savings ranging from 33 to 47% are estimated based upon real data for variable energy effectiveness and solar exposed residences.

scholarly journals Application of Energy Efficiency Techniques While Using ICT Equipment

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Marijon Pano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Office Equipment

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices and services are becoming more and more widespread in all aspects of human life. Computers and home office equipment represent one of the fastest growing categories of home energy use. While ICT equipment has become more energy efficient in recent years, computers, peripherals, and data centers still use significant amounts of energy, especially if they are left on constantly. The information and technology ecosystem now represents around 10% of the world's electricity generation and it represents the largest area of potential energy savings, as well. Most of these devices now have power management features that allow them to enter standby or "sleep" mode during periods of inactivity but only a fraction of users, know about the potential energy savings features. The aim of this paper is to offer practical and actionable tips for saving energy with computers and home office equipment. I review and test the main opportunities, explain them in plain language, and provide practical tips for leading an initiative to increase ICT energy efficiency in order to cut energy consumption per unit in half – or more. This paper presents the survey conducted about ICT equipment energy use in four offices and in five residential buildings in Korça region, Albania. The users were advised to use some basic energy efficiency tips, and energy data were collected before and after the new practices. Experimental results show that the methods used for increasing efficiency were very effective and the electricity consumption was reduced to about 10% - 45% in offices and about 5% - 15% in residential buildings.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAINT TO RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Nurshafina Sharkawi ◽  
Azhaili Baharun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Illuminance Level

In recent years, Malaysia has experienced climate change that leads to the higher consumption of energy dueto the increasing outdoor temperature that affects indoor discomfort conditions. Paints were found to be the insulationmaterial that is increasingly important because of their benefits in terms of thermal comfort and energy savings. Therefore,the aim of this study is to determine the effect of different types of paint to the residential building. Two types of paints wereapplied on indoor walls of identical room and their performance was compared. The equipment used to measure theperformance includes data logger and thermocouple for temperature performance and lux meter for illuminationperformance. The experiments consider the impacts of paints on interior surface temperature, wall orientation, indoor airtemperature and the illuminance level. The result shows that the air temperature of the room was brought down considerablyat about 1.9°C by implementing the reflecting paint on the indoor walls. The most significant effect is on the surfacetemperature with the highest temperature reduction of about 2.8°C which occurs at west wall after the application ofreflective paint that makes it as the best location to use reflective paint. For illumination, the results show that reflective paintgives significant effect compare to energy saving paint with the highest illuminance level of 392 lux. With the application ofreflective paint, the indoor temperature is improved and thus minimized the energy usage. Reflective paint has also presentedthe ability to reduce the indoor temperature, the effective wall orientation when applying it and improves the illuminancelevel of indoor building.

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