scholarly journals Development of Andesite Utilization in Gunung Ragas, Clering, Jepara, in the Industrial Sector Based on Petrological and Geochemical Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Dian Agus Widiarso ◽  
Roynaldo Lumbanbatu ◽  
Vergania Nurlita Putri ◽  
Jenian Marin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Andesite Lava

The research area was the exposed extruded igneous lava rock in Clering which became the mining location of PT Semarang Mineral Pembangunan in Clering, Donorejo, Jepara with an area of ± 11 ha. This study aims to identify and determine the composition of andesite minerals by macroscopic and microscopic, the main oxide compound data, the use of andesite in industrial sector. The lithology consisted of andesite lava textured, plagioclase, leucite, clinopyroxene, sanidine as phenocryst and ground mass in the form of microlithic andesite lava as a trachytic texture. The hardness of lithology tends to be more moderate, it is considered unsuitable for building foundations. Andesite and tuff in the study area are currently being mined to be used as raw material for glass because of high silica content. In the industrial sector, the feldspar minerals for flux glass, and ceramic raw materials with standard of PT Semarang Mineral Pembangunan and SNI ISO 14703: 2011, 1147-1984 and SNI ISO 12543: 2011. The lithology tuff can be utilized in the manufacturing of ceramics due to high silica and felspar content. The lithology andesite can be utilized as rocks flour in the manufacturing of fertilizer due to high natrium, potassium, and magnesium content.

scholarly journals Investigation of the process of extraction of a highly starchy fraction of rye flour by air classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-906
Author(s):  
N. R. Andreev ◽  
V. G. Goldstein ◽  
V. A. Kovalenok ◽  
L. P. Nosovskaya ◽  
L. V. Adikaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Classification ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Number Of Cycles

The article provides an overview of the current state of the application of solid-phase methods for separating the structure of grain and leguminous raw material into constituent components, as one of the most relevant areas of environmental protection and reducing the amount of wastewater from enterprises processing agricultural raw materials. The main direction of research on the production of protein concentrates from leguminous raw materials (peas, beans, chickpeas, lupine) by the method of air classification is noted. Among grain crops, rye stands out as having a more balanced amino acid composition compared to wheat and the largest starch grains up to 60 microns, which improves the aero-dynamic separation of grain flour into protein and starch fractions. Тherefore, rye flour was the object of research in this work. The research area included the development of a method for determining the starch content in the heavy fraction of rye flour from the yield of its light protein fraction and its starch content using an installation with variable parameters of a two-chamber disperser and a vortex classifier. The results of experiments on the separation of the mass of the initial rye flour into heavy starch and light protein fractions with a given ratio of starch and protein are theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. The dependences of the starch content in the heavy fraction on the number of cycles of its recycling are established. With variable parameters of grinding rye flour, determined by the speed of the working bodies of the dispersant from 70 to 100 m/s, the time of grinding and recirculation of the heavy fraction of 30 s and the tangential speed of the classifier rotor of 15 m/s, stable results were obtained for the separation of starch and protein. Тhe yield of the heavy fraction of 72 % with a starch content of 85 % and the yield of the light fraction of 28 % with a mass fraction of protein of at least 26 %.

scholarly journals Properties of Raw Saudi Arabian Grey Kaolin Studied by Pyrrole Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion of Methylbutynol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Alsawalha ◽  
Elaref Ratemi
Keyword(s):  
Test Sample ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Heat Activation ◽  
Temperature Programmed

This current article demonstrates how X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) was employed to reveal the major constituents of a sample of natural grey Saudi kaolin. The XRF results showed that it contained 52.90 wt.% silica together with 14.84 wt.% alumina. Additionally, this paper presents a study on the effect of holding times (i.e., 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) using pyrrole adsorption and methylbutynol test reaction (MBOH) on the Saudi grey kaolin (raw material). Temperature-programmed desorption of pyrrole (pyrrole-TPD) results indicated that increases in thermal conductivity detector (TCD) signals are directly proportional to increases in the heat activation holding time. Notably, a raw Saudi grey kaolin sample heated at a holding time of twenty-four hours resulted in the most intense TCD signal. Further, the MBOH transformations produced 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yne (MBYNE), as the main product, indicating the dehydration of MBOH due to the acidic sites of Saudi grey kaolin. The basic catalysis route was operative at the beginning of the reaction as acetone was observed only during the initial thirty-five minutes of the reaction then later dispersed entirely. Its disappearance is attributed to the high silica content of the test sample.

scholarly journals Inovasi Produk dan Orientasi Pasar: Suatu Kajian Deskriptif Pada UMKM Kerajinan Bahan Baku Alam di Semarang, Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Berta Retnawati ◽  
◽  
Bernadeta Irmawati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Process ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Initial Research

Creative industry has a uniqueness which is largely supported by social, cultural, local wisdom, environmental sustainability, and other uniqueness factors that are combined with science and technology so that this industry. The strength of product innovation and market orientation is a big capital for MSMEs, especially in the category of natural raw material handicrafts in facing the dynamics of change and competition. Natural raw materials are the main force for the differentiation of these handicrafts, product innovation capabilities are needed that can keep up with changes in the existing market. Process improvement, new designs, variations with other raw materials, and the development of product variants are the main focus in product innovation. Market orientation is the most effective organizational culture in creating the behavior needed to create superior value for consumers to lead to high superiority for MSMEs. The handicraft industry of natural raw materials has high potential in Central Java, especially in Semarang Regency. This descriptive study is the initial stage in uncovering the responses of SMEs on various indicators of all the variables of this study. Not all indicators provide positive facts and vice versa provide a deeper understanding of the real conditions experienced by MSME handicrafts made from natural raw materials. The results of this initial research are expected to be valuable input for various stakeholders related to this industrial sector. Some weaknesses of this study are also discussed as input for further research improvements.

scholarly journals The ceramic artifacts in archaeological black earth (terra preta) from Lower Amazon Region, Brazil: chemistry and geochemical evolution

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcondes Lima da Costa ◽  
Dirse Clara Kern ◽  
Alice Helena Eleotério Pinto ◽  
Jorge Raimundo da Trindade Souza
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Terra Preta ◽  
Archaeological Ceramic ◽  
High Silica

This paper carried out a chemical investigation of archaeological ceramic artifacts found in archaeological sites with Black Earth (ABE) in the Lower Amazon Region at Cachoeira-Porteira, State of Pará, Brazil. The ceramic artifacts, mostly of daily use, belong to Konduri culture (from 900 to 400 years BP). They are constituted of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O and P2O5; SiO2 and Al2O3 together add up to 80 % and indicate influence of acid rocks, transformed into clay minerals basically kaolinite. The relative high contents of P2O5 (2.37 % in average) come out as (Al,Fe)-phosphate, an uncommon fact in primitive red ceramics, but found in some roman and egyptian archaeological sites. The contents of the trace elements are similar or below the Earth's crust average. This chemical composition (except P2O5) detaches saprolite material derived acid igneous rocks or sedimentary ones as the main raw material of the ceramics. The contents of K, Na and Ca represent the feldspars and rock fragments possibly introduced into saprolitic groundmass, indicated by mineralogical studies. The presence of cauixi and cariapé as well as quartz sand was confirmed by optical microscope, SEM analyses and by the high silica contents of ceramic fragments. Phosphorus was possibly incorporated into groundmass during cooking of foods, and ABE soil profile formation developed on yellow Latosols. The raw materials and its tempers (cauixi, or cariapé, feldspar, crushed rocks, old ceramic artifacts and quartz fragments) are found close to the sites and therefore and certainly came from them.

scholarly journals Rottenstone as a basis for obtaining geopolymer material

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
V.V. Sobchenko ◽  
V.A. Zhaivoronok ◽  
H.O. Sobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Geopolymer Material

The possibility of obtaining perspective geopolymer materials for use in the building industry was shown. Geopolymer materials are used with such advantages as high strength, density, water resistance, heat and heat resistance, environmental friendliness, durability, and high corrosion resistance. The raw material is rottenstone, a rock with a high silica content, which is widespread in Ukraine. Rottenstone is characterized by a ratio of SiО2:Al2O3 equal to 16… 20, which provides a high strength of the final material. It was indicated that physico-chemical processes that take place during polymerization are similar to those that take place in thin pellicles of the released SiO2 gel, cements the particles, and thus promotes hardening. As a result of the treatment of raw materials with alkali solution at temperatures of 80-120 °С, a monolithic solid material of olive color with a density of 1200-1700 kg/m3, humidity of 30-45% was formed. Precipitations were observed on the surface of the material due to the presence of non-chemically bound sodium and potassium cations in the pores of the geopolymer. When dried, they diffuse to the surface of the geopolymer and are subjected to atmospheric carbonization. It was indicated that in order to obtain a high-strength geopolymer material, it is necessary to carry out final heat treatment at temperatures close to 100 °С. The behavior of geopolymer samples aged over time at room temperature during their heating was investigated. The samples of the material are melted due to the presence of Na2O×SiО2×8Н2O and Na2O×SiО2×5Н2O crystal hydrates, which melt at relatively low temperatures at 48°С and 72°С, respectively. The formation of building geopolymer materials should take into account this melting by placing it in molds was concluded. Indicators of moisture loss at a temperature of about 100°С depending on the heat treatment time were obtained.

scholarly journals Geology and Petrogenesis of Igneous Rocks from Batur Paleovolcano, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta: Evidence from their Textures, Mineralogy, and Major Elements Geochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Fahmi Hakim ◽  
Yanuardi Satrio Nugroho ◽  
Cendi Diar Permata Dana ◽  
Anastasia Dewi Titisari
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Andesite Lava

Batur paleovolcano is located in Wediombo Beach area, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta and is being part of Wuni Formation. Several volcanic products including lava flow, autoclastic breccia and volcanic breccia can be found associated with diorite intrusions. This research is aimed to characterize geological, mineralogical andgeochemical variations of igneous rocks from Batur paleovolcano to understand its petrogenesis. Detailed geological mapping with scale of 1:12,500 is conducted to identify geological aspects and delineate igneous rocks distributions. Igneous rocks and selected wall rocks samples were prepared for laboratory analysis including 8 samples for petrography and 5 samples for ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Several geochemical data from previous study are also added to investigate the geochemical variations. Geological condition of the research area consists of four rock units including colluvial deposit, limestone, andesite lava and diorite intrusion. Geological structures found are normal fault and shear joint where the main stress direction is north–south. Petrography analysis showed that igneous rocks in this research area consist of diorite intrusion and andesite lava with phorphyritic texture. Plagioclase become the most abundant minerals found both as phenocryst phase and groundmass. Hornblende only occur as phenocryst phase in minor amounts as accesory mineral. Major elementsgeochemistry analysis showed the rocks are characterized by intermediate silica with low alkali content. They are can be categorized as calc-alkaline series. However, some samples are fall into tholeiitic series. Major elements variation and textural study also indicate the magma is experienced differentiation process by fractional crystallization mechanism. This study suggests that igneous rocks from Batur paleovolcano is formed by two phases of formation. Earlier phase is the formation of andesite lava in island arc tholeiitic tectonic setting then at the later phase is formation of diorite intrusion in the calc-alkaline basalts tectonic setting.

scholarly journals AGROINDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN TANAMAN PANGAN DI KECAMATAN PONJONG KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ken Suratinah ◽  
Pinjung Nawang Sari ◽  
Nurina Sofiana ◽  
Radita Dwi Rahmi ◽  
Yogi Pradeksa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Basic Method

<p>This research was purposed to  know: 1) the properness of agroindustries utilize  local  crops  as  raw  materials,  2) The  added  value  and  profit  of  agroindustry utilize  the  local  crops  as  raw  materials,  3)  The  poverty  and  prosperity  level  of farmer’s  households  in  the  research  area.  The  kind  of  crops  that  researched  are paddy,  corn,  soya  beans,  ground  nuts,  and  cassava.  This  research  located  in  two villages,  Bedoyo  village  and  Sumbergiri  village,  Kecamatan  Ponjong,  Kabupaten Gunung  Kidul,  Regency  of  Yogyakarta.  The  used  basic  method  was  analytic descriptive, with purposive approach to choose samples of the 90 farmer households which  have  crops  fields  and  agroindustries.  From  the  data  analysis  we  can  inform that:  1)  Agroindustry  using  cassava,  corn,  soya  beans,  and  ground  nuts  as  raw materials were profitable and could absorb a lot of labors around the environtment with range of /C ratio betw een 1,13 –  186,17%, 2) Agroindustry using paddy as raw material  was  not  profitable  and  ineffecient  because  its  taking  too  much  labor,  3) Average incomes of farmers about Rp 10.502.202/year and they are not in poverty, 4) Food  agroindustries  contribute  to  farmer’s  income  about  Rp  14.021.262/year.  It draws a  conclussion food agroindustries have lots of adventages 1) help increasing farmer’s income 2) absorb labor from the environtment, 3) with grow the industries scale can increasing farmer’s skills and prosperity.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui: 1) kelayakan, 2) nilai tambahdan<br />keuntungan, 3) kemiskinandan kesejahteraanrumah tanggapetaniagroindustripengolah<br />tanamanlokalsebagai bahan baku.Jenistanamanyangditelitiadalahpadi, jagung, kedelai,<br />kacang tanah, danketela pohon. Penelitian dilakukan diDesaBedoyodanSumbergiri,<br />KecamatanPonjong, Gunungkidul. Menggunakan metodedasaranalitikdeskriptif,<br />dengan purposivesampling 90rumah tangga petaniyangmengusahakan tanaman<br />pangandan agroindustrinya. Hasil analisis menunjukkanbahwa: 1) agroindustri<br />berbahan baku ketela pohon, jagung, kedelai, dan kacang tanah menguntungkan dan<br />mampu menyerap banyak tenaga kerja (/Cantara1,13-186,17%), 2) agroindustri<br />berbahan baku padi tidak menguntungkan dan tidak efisien karena mengambil terlalu<br />banyak tenaga kerja, 3) pendapatan rata-rata rumah tangga tani Rp10.502.202/tahun<br />dan tergolong tidak miskin, 4) agro industri pangan berkontribusi terhadap pendapatan<br />rumah tangga rata-rata sebesar Rp14.021.262/tahun. Kesimpulannya, agroindustri<br />pangan memiliki banyak keuntungan, yaitu: 1) meningkatkan pendapatan 2) menyerap<br />tenaga kerja, 3) meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani.</p>

Production of Ceramic Material Using Wastes from Brewing Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Cotes-Palomino ◽  
Carmen Martínez-García ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
High Silica

The industrial activities are responsible for the production of large amounts of solid wastes, which, so far, have found scarce reuse alternative. Clay-based materials show a natural forgiveness towards the incorporation of a wide variety of wastes. This study reported the changes in technological properties of clay-based mixture normally used in the production of bricks, due to the additions of a spent diatomite earth (SDE) discarded by the beer filtration process in the brewing industry. Samples containing 0-10 wt % SDE were extruded and sintered in air in an electric furnace (950 °C, for 3 h). SDE thanks to their organic substances content, during their combustion, act as pore forming agent and providing an energy support in the brick firing process. Also, the waste, because of its high silica content can act as a silica carrier. The results obtained showed that SDE, added in a percentage of 3 wt % to a brick formulation, had better influence with respect to control bricks containing only clay, improves the mechanical properties (compressive strength around 45 MPa) with a bulk density reduction of about of 2%. However, the incorporation of waste in percentage of 7 and 10 wt % had a negative effect due to increased porosity fundamentally open pores generated in the clay body by the combustion of SDE waste, leading to water suction, water absorption and compressive strength values that do not fall within the range specified by bricks UNE standards. Therefore, SDE can thus advantageously used in lower amounts (3 wt %) as silica carrier and in lower proportion as pore agent in clay bricks, with the potential to reduce fuel and natural ceramic raw material consumption, as well as, landfill costs.

Obsidian in the Aegean

1965 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 225-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Renfrew ◽  
J. R. Cann ◽  
J. E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recent Volcanic Activity ◽  
High Silica Content ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
The World ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Iron Working

Obsidian to the Greeks was no more than a semi-precious stone, black and shiny, suitable for mirrors or exotic ornaments. But to their predecessors in the Aegean through five millenia it was an important raw material for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Sharper and more abundant than flint, more easily worked and cheaper than copper, it was not displaced entirely even by the use of bronze, which was always an expensive material, there being no source of tin in the Aegean. Only when knowledge of iron-working was brought to the Aegean coasts did obsidian fall from its position as an important raw material to that of a curiosity.Huge quantities of obsidian are to be found lying about the surface of most prehistoric sites in south Greece—any farmer or shepherd will tell of the ‘little razors’ to be found on his land. But its occurrence in nature is very unusual since it is found exclusively in regions of recent volcanic activity, and then only when certain conditions exist, such as a high silica content in the lava of the volcano. Every single piece found in mainland Greece had to be imported from overseas, a process implying competent geological knowledge, skill in sailing and navigation, and perhaps social organization, to a considerable degree. It is the earliest trade in the world for which we have concrete evidence.

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