scholarly journals Investigation of the process of extraction of a highly starchy fraction of rye flour by air classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-906
Author(s):  
N. R. Andreev ◽  
V. G. Goldstein ◽  
V. A. Kovalenok ◽  
L. P. Nosovskaya ◽  
L. V. Adikaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Classification ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Number Of Cycles

The article provides an overview of the current state of the application of solid-phase methods for separating the structure of grain and leguminous raw material into constituent components, as one of the most relevant areas of environmental protection and reducing the amount of wastewater from enterprises processing agricultural raw materials. The main direction of research on the production of protein concentrates from leguminous raw materials (peas, beans, chickpeas, lupine) by the method of air classification is noted. Among grain crops, rye stands out as having a more balanced amino acid composition compared to wheat and the largest starch grains up to 60 microns, which improves the aero-dynamic separation of grain flour into protein and starch fractions. Тherefore, rye flour was the object of research in this work. The research area included the development of a method for determining the starch content in the heavy fraction of rye flour from the yield of its light protein fraction and its starch content using an installation with variable parameters of a two-chamber disperser and a vortex classifier. The results of experiments on the separation of the mass of the initial rye flour into heavy starch and light protein fractions with a given ratio of starch and protein are theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. The dependences of the starch content in the heavy fraction on the number of cycles of its recycling are established. With variable parameters of grinding rye flour, determined by the speed of the working bodies of the dispersant from 70 to 100 m/s, the time of grinding and recirculation of the heavy fraction of 30 s and the tangential speed of the classifier rotor of 15 m/s, stable results were obtained for the separation of starch and protein. Тhe yield of the heavy fraction of 72 % with a starch content of 85 % and the yield of the light fraction of 28 % with a mass fraction of protein of at least 26 %.

scholarly journals Determination of pesticide residues by chromatographic methods for food safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Tereshchenko ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Kursenko ◽  
O. I. Khyzhan ◽  
O. I. Khyzhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Selective Solvents

The paper presents the methodology of preparation of samples of oilseeds, lettuce, apples for research by chromatographic control of xenobiotics of the following chemical groups of pesticides: benzimidazole derivatives, anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives. The implementation of the following processes is considered: homogenization of the sample, purification of the extract by solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction, obtaining a plant extract, obtaining an extract of analytes. For fine-grained homogenized samples of sunflower seeds, the optimal ratio of raw material -extragent is 1:20, for pasty homogenized samples of apple fruit - 1:10, for liquid samples of homogenized lettuce - 1: 5. Analysis of the distribution of xenobiotics in the system octane/water, the dipole moment of solvents allowed to determine the extractants that are able to dissolve and remove xenobiotics from raw materials. It was found that a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (4: 1) should be used to remove benzimidazole derivatives and anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives are best extracted with methanolic trifluoroacetic acid (9.5: 0.5). Quantitative analysis of xenobiotics content in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics was performed. The most complete xenobiotics were removed from samples of plant products containing traces of fat. The most difficult process of sample preparation is the process of obtaining sunflower seed extract. The content of xenobiotics in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched in analytes is influenced by the temperature at which the process takes place and the duration of extraction. Based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix and the list of analytes, the conditions of the variable component of the methodology are proposed: obtaining plant extract under the action of selective solvents, homogenized raw material-solvent with constant stirring of the extraction system at 180-200 rpm, or under the action of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 37 kHz from 4°C to 25°C for 5-25 minutes. The control of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the studied plant extracts and analyte extracts was investigated by the methods of high-performance liquid and gas chromatography (liquid and gas) with mass-selective detectors.

TECHNOLOGY OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSING WITH PLEUROTUS STRAINS FOR FEED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Veronika Valentinovna Tarnopol’skaya ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova ◽  
Natal'ya Yur'yevna Demidenko ◽  
Oksana Nikolayevna Eryomenko
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Seed Stock ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Cultures

A technology for pilot production of feed products via microbiological conversion of plant raw materials (mixed substrate of pine sawdust and vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke) by Plerotus ostreatus PO-4.1 and Pleurotus djamor PD-3.2 strains is developed. The technology includes hydrodynamic activation of substrate at the seed stock production stage. The overall technology includes three key stages: submerged fermentation of pure cultures of production strains; submerged-solid phase fermentation of hydrodynamicly activated plant raw materials for seed stock production; solid-state fermentation of mechanically ground plant substrate for feed products production. A successful approbation of submerged-solid state fermentation of production strains on media containing 3% of hydrodynamicly activated raw materials allowed for obtaining seed stock with 14.5 g/l yield of submerged mycelium biomass fully adopted for this type of substrate. Further use of this seed stock biomass at the solid state fermentation stage makes the overall process duration three times shorter compared to existing technologies for direct wood waste bioconversion. The pilot plant results show valuable practicability of plant raw material hydrodynamic activation with the purpose of enhancing its bioaccessibility with consequent increase in degree of microbiological conversion. The product of bioconversion contains 14–16% of protein, biofiber, vitamins and minerals and could be considered for successful use as feed by agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM COCOYAM (Хanthosoma sagittifolium): APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMIC-TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
S. Serna-Loaiza ◽  
Yu. A. Pisarenko ◽  
C. A. Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Thermodynamic Topological Analysis

Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is a tropical plant of the family of Araceas. Nigeria, China and Ghana are the countries that currently own most of the world production of this plant. In Colombia, there are not extensive crops of this plant, but it is used for animal feeding mainly. The plant has an aerial part with a high content of protein (leaves) and a tuber with an average starch content about 25% w/w. Compared to others starchy raw materials, this is a high value. Due to this fact this first-generation starchy material could be considered as a possible feedstock for the production of ethanol. Process design must ensure that the most advanced concepts are applied at the design and processing stage for every raw material to ensure efficient and more sustainable processes. For this reason, thermodynamic-topological analysis was used for the design of the stage of the produced ethanol purification. This work presents the process of ethanol production using cocoyam tuber. The software Aspen Plus v8.6 (Aspen Technology, Inc., USA) was used for the techno-economic assessment, and the Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR) of the Environmental Protection Agency of the EE.UU. (EPA) was used to measure the environmental performance. The obtained production cost was 1,6 USD per kilogram, and the environmental impact was very low. This is an excellent incentive to promote the application of this feedstock to obtain a feasible alternative for the production of ethanol. Additionally, the use of thermodynamic-topological analysis in the design stage of the purification stage of the process proved to be very useful and easily applied.

Mechanochemical technology for obtaining an effective filler based on gaize for cement binders

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
E. A. Shoshin ◽  
◽  
V. V. Strokova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Composite Binder ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Calcium Silicates

The article presents a study to establish the possibility of obtaining polymodal silicate dispersions (SCD) based on common natural silicacontaining raw materials (gaize) and of using such dispersions as fillers and additives for cement compositions and assesses their effectiveness. Gaize, construction quicklime, and sucrose were used as modifying carbohydrates and silica-containing raw materials for the mechanochemical synthesis. The SCD technology includes the stages of raw material dosing, combination, and wet grinding in a ball mill, separation of the solid phase of the suspension by filtration (in drum or pressure filters) and its thermolysis in a thermolysis chamber, followed by short-term dry grinding of the thermolysis products in batch or continuous mills. The results are presented for the analysis of silicate-calcium dispersions with various ratios of the initial components. The efficiency of using SCD as a component in a composite binder or a finely dispersed mineral additive in cement-sand composites is demonstrated, which introduces mechanochemical synthesis of calcium silicates as a promising technology for processing gaize into effective fillers and additives for construction purposes. The study was carried out under the grant issued by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-19-00263).

scholarly journals A genetic base of utilisation of maize grain as a valuable renewable raw material for bioethanol production

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Semencenko ◽  
Milica Radosavljevic ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Dusanka Terzic ◽  
Marija Milasinovic-Seremesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Bioethanol Yield

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops, and as such, one of the most significant naturally renewable carbohydrate raw materials for the production of energy and multitude of different products. Many studies have shown that the kernel composition and starch structure of maize are highly influenced by genetic background of the maize. Maize grain consists of approximately 70% of starch, which makes it a very suitable feedstock for the bioethanol production. This study was conducted with aim to understand how different genetic background affects bioethanol yield and other fermentation properties of the selected maize genotypes in the process of maize grain- based bioethanol production. Twenty seven maize hybrids, including genotypes of standard chemical composition as well as specialty maize hybrids such as popping, waxy, white kernel and red kernel hybrids, developed at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, were investigated in this study. The lowest bioethanol yield of 7.25% w/w obtained for hybrid ZP 611k after 48 h of fermentation and the highest by genotype ZP 434 (8.96% w/w). A very significant positive correlation was determined between kernel starch content and the bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation, as well as volumetric productivity (48h) (r=0.67). Between bioethanol yield after 48h of fermentation and soft endosperm content in kernel of the investigated ZP maize hybrids a very significant positive correlation was assessed (r=0.66). Higher overall bioethanol yields have been obtained from genotypes containing higher starch and lower protein and lipid contents.

scholarly journals Blends of cassava starch with banana flours as raw materials for gluten-free biscuits

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2293-2312
Author(s):  
Magali Leonel ◽  
◽  
Thaís Paes Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Sarita Leonel ◽  
Ciro Hugo Elnatan de Souza Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Functional Additive ◽  
Banana Flour

The growth in demand for gluten-free products linked mainly to health aspects has led to an increased interest in the production of mixed flours for use in bakery products. This work aimed to evaluate the use of different mixtures of cassava starch with banana flour, obtained from the pulp and peel of green fruits, for the production of gluten-free biscuits. In the preparation of the biscuits, seven mixtures were prepared with varying percentages of cassava starch, banana pulp flour and banana peel flour. A formulation with wheat flour was used as a control. Wheat flour, cassava starch and banana flours were analyzed for chemical composition. The results showed that the banana peel flour stood out for its higher levels of proteins, fibres, lipids, ash, total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity which make this flour effective as a functional additive. However, the results of physical and sensory characteristics of the biscuits showed that the variation in the percentage of banana peel flour led to greater changes in the quality attributes of the biscuits, so the percentage of inclusion should be limited. Banana pulp flour (UBF) had high starch content, however, the biscuits produced with higher percentages of this flour and lower percentages of cassava starch showed lower propagation rates, greater hardness and less sensory acceptance, showing the importance of the starchy raw material in the physical properties of biscuits. Formulations containing cassava starch mixed with up to 15% banana flour (1:1, pulp and peel) are a good basis for making gluten-free biscuits.

scholarly journals RETURNABLE BAKING WASTE — A NEW TYPE OF RAW MATERIALS FOR DISTILLATES PRODUCTION (PART I. BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAW MATERIALS)

Food systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
L. N. Krikunova ◽  
E. V. Dubinina ◽  
V. P. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Waste Products

The paper gives an assessment of biochemical composition of various types of returnable baking waste, pregrouped into five groups depending on recipe and bakery products production method, in comparison with traditional types of starch-containing raw materials — wheat and rye. It has been established that returnable baking waste has significant advantages over grain raw materials in terms of starch content and structural and mechanical properties, which will eliminate grinding cost. An analysis of carbohydrate complex of returnable baking waste showed that waste groups that include rye flour contain more glucose than groups derived from wheat flour, which can positively affect the fermentation process. The study of protein complex revealed that mass fraction of soluble protein was determined by type of raw material used to produce products. It is shown that the best raw materials for distillates production, from standpoint of protein complex evaluating, are samples of returnable baking waste products obtained from rye-wheat bread. The mineral composition (K+, Na+, Ca++, Mg++) of ash of various waste types was studied and it was found that products from wheat flour contain less potassium, calcium and magnesium than from rye-wheat, and no significant differences were found in sodium content. Identified distinctive features in biochemical composition of certain groups of returnable baking waste products are recommended to be taken into account when developing optimal technological regimes for their processing in distillates production.

scholarly journals Sosialisasi Potensi Beberapa Varietas Sorgum sebagai Bahan Baku Makanan Olahan

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Eka Candra Lina ◽  
Wenny Surya Murtius
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Food Commodity

Sorghum farmers in West Sumatra, especially Padang Pariaman, have low knowledge of sorghum varieties in plants. This is because sorghum relatively new food commodity cultivated in this area. The three varieties of sorghum that are often grown by farmers are numbu, Super 1, and red varieties, which differ in morphology, texture, and taste. The general procedure for harvesting sorghum begins with cutting panicles, drying them in the sun, threshing them, and drying them again until the moisture content reaches 12%. Then the sorghum seeds are crushed using a sosoh machine so that the tannin in the outer skin layer is lost. After going through the filling process, sorghum rice is produced, can be consumed directly by cooking it into porridge, cooked like rice, or mixed with rice (rasgum). Sorghum rice can also be ground into flour and used as a base for making various types of food. The community service team has carried out a chemical analysis of sorghum flour. There are amylose and amylopectin analysis, starch content analysis, starch gelatinization profile, and reducing sugar. The objective of this activity is to transfer knowledge and technology related to sorghum rice and sorghum flour as raw materials for food processing. From the data obtained, known that red sorghum has the best performance as raw material for wet-processed food, while Numbu and Super 1 are suitable as raw materials for dry processed food.

Mathematical Model for the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction of Carbonates Dissociation in the Process of Roasting in the Presence of Temperatures Gradients in Phosphate Raw Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 610-618
Author(s):  
V.I. Bobkov ◽  
M.I. Dli ◽  
A.S. Fedulov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Phase Surface

The paper deals with the investigation of the parameters for the structural and kinetic rate equation of the carbonates dissociation reaction, in accordance with the obtained results of the nonisothermic experiment, in the conditions of gradient temperature presence in the investigated samples. The most significant is the study of physicochemical transformations kinetic laws, which degree of completeness effects the quality of intermediate products directly, that is decarbonization and sintering. The main part of the process, when phosphorites are heated, takes place in a solid phase. The feature of topochemical reactions is their localization in the aria between a solid phase surface of the initial substance and the reaction products. This surface is formed and changed, as a result of chemical and power technological process for roasting, determining the dependence of the reaction rate on time. The method of thermal analytical experiments is used. The reverse kinetic problem is solved in the temperatures range of the chemical–technological process for roasting phosphate raw materials on conveyor indurating machines. The authors propose a method of approximate calculation for the parameters of kinetic equations which allows to reduce errors, caused by the heat exchange processes in a measuring cell, significantly. The obtained results and their accuracy are suitable for the practical application.

scholarly journals A POSSIBILITY OF SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-ALUMINA CEMENTS FROM DIFFERENT RAW MATERIALS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragica Lazić ◽  
Dragana Kešelj ◽  
Jelena Penavin Škundrić ◽  
Ljubica Vasiljević ◽  
Janko Mikić
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Aluminate Solution ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Materials Used

Calcium aluminate cements with high Al2O3 content are synthesized from different raw materials. Raw materials used in the synthesis include: lime, tricalcium aluminate hexahydrate, aluminum hydroxide and sodium aluminate solution. The preparation of raw material mixture for sintering was performed in two ways: the first method of preparation of a raw material mixture was by mixing powdered components (Al(OH)3 and CaO, Al(OH)3 and 3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O), another method included stirring into the liquid phase (NaAlO2, CaO and Al (OH)3) for a certain period of time at the temperature of 90°C, whereby the obtained solid phase was used as raw material for sintering. Chemical and mineralogical analysis (XRD) were performed on the cements obtained in synthesis. Based on chemical analysis it was concluded that the cements obtained were CAC 70 and CAC 80, as the Al2O3 content in these cements ranged from 70 to 75.37% for the first type, while the second type had a range of 77-79%. XRD analysis showed that the dominated minerals in cement CAC 70 were CaO• Al2O3 and CaO • 2Al2O3, and in cement CAC 80, mineral CaO • 2Al2O3, which is consistent with the findings published on these cements.

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