scholarly journals Energy and Environmental Assessment of Straw Production for Power Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Oleg Bazaluk ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Agricultural residues, including straw, are important energy feedstock for electricity generation. This study aims to develop a model for energy and environmental assessment of straw production, taking into account its life cycle. The proposed mathematical model allows us to distribute input energy (into any crop production) and emit carbon dioxide (during crop production) between grain and straw formation. It takes into account direct energy input (fuels, electricity, etc.), indirect energy input (fertilizer, herbicide, etc.), and energy required in manufacturing agricultural tractors and implements. It has been found that straw formation consumes from 41 to 66 % of the total energy input and CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Comparison of energy inputs and energy efficiency for maize in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Total Energy Input

Sustainable crop production requires an efficient usage of fossil energy. This six-year study on a silt loam soil (chernozem) analysed the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough 25–30 cm, deep conservation tillage 35 cm, shallow conservation tillage 8–10 cm, no-tillage). Fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect input), grain of maize yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency were considered. The input rates of fertiliser, herbicides and seeds were set constant; measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage operations. Total fuel consumption for maize (Zea mays L.) production was 81.6, 81.5, 69.5 and 53.2 L/ha for the four tillage systems. Between 60% and 64% of the total energy input (17.0–17.4 GJ/ha) was indirect energy (seeds, fertiliser, herbicides, machinery). The share of fertiliser energy of the total energy input was 36% on average across all tillage treatments. Grain drying was the second highest energy consumer with about 22%. Grain yield and energy output were mainly determined by the year. The tillage effect on yield and energy efficiency was smaller than the growing year effect. Over all six years, maize produced in the no-tillage system reached the highest energy efficiency.  

scholarly journals Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Agricultural Residue Feedstock for Bioenergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2009
Author(s):  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Antonina Kalinichenko ◽  
Anna Brzozowska ◽  
Jan Stebila
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Inputs

The depletion of fossil fuels and climate change concerns are drivers for the development and expansion of bioenergy. Promoting biomass is vital to move civilization toward a low-carbon economy. To meet European Union targets, it is required to increase the use of agricultural residues (including straw) for power generation. Using agricultural residues without accounting for their energy consumed and carbon dioxide emissions distorts the energy and environmental balance, and their analysis is the purpose of this study. In this paper, a life cycle analysis method is applied. The allocation of carbon dioxide emissions and energy inputs in the crop production by allocating between a product (grain) and a byproduct (straw) is modeled. Selected crop yield and the residue-to-crop ratio impact on the above indicators are investigated. We reveal that straw formation can consume between 30% and 70% of the total energy inputs and, therefore, emits relative carbon dioxide emissions. For cereal crops, this energy can be up to 40% of the lower heating value of straw. Energy and environmental indicators of a straw return-to-field technology and straw power generation systems are examined.

scholarly journals Analysis of Areas and Prospects for the Use of Agrobiomass for Energy Production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zheliezna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Biomass Potential

Purpose of the study is to assess the current and prospective energy potential of agribiomass (agricultural residues and energy crops) in Ukraine, to determine its main components and the most effective areas of their use. Methods. The assessment of the current potential of agribiomass is performed using official statistics on crop production in Ukraine. Based on these data, the total amount of crop residues formed and their share available for energy needs is determined. When assessing the potential of energy crops, it is assumed that they are grown on 2 million hectares of unused agricultural land, the total area of which is up to 4 million hectares in Ukraine. The study of the prospective potential of biomass is performed for 2050, based on key growth factors, such as increasing yield of crops, especially cereals; doubling the area under energy crops and increasing their yields, etc. Results of the assessment show that according to 2018 data, the total bioenergy potential in Ukraine is more than 23 Mtoe (the economic potential). Its largest components are agricultural residues (44%) and energy crops (32%). Expert estimates suggest that by 2050, the biomass potential could increase to more than 47.5 Mtoe/yr, in other words almost to double. Forecasting the structure and directions of use of biomass potential by 2050 shows that about 20 Mtoe of biomass/biofuels of the following types will be consumed for energy: wood biomass, primary and secondary agricultural residues, energy crops, biogas/biomethane from different types of raw materials, liquid biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol). Conclusions. Areas of use of biomass/biofuels include the production of heat and electricity from solid biofuels, obtaining of biogas and biomethane, as well as the production of motor biofuels (biomethane, biodiesel, bioethanol). In the near future, it is considered necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, taking into account results of the study. In turn, the basic figures of the bioenergy development strategy can be used for the elaboration of the updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kinerja dan Energi pada Aktivitas Penyemprotan Padi di Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Abdi Lubis ◽  
Renny Eka Putri ◽  
Ashadi Hasan ◽  
Feri Arlius ◽  
Santosa Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Energy Parameter ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
And Performance

Abstrak. Teknik penyemprotan adalah salah satu aktivitas yang berperan dalam mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan padi. Penyemprotan dilaksanakan petani untuk melindungi padi dari hama, penyakit, dan juga untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan padi dan biasanya dilakukan pada 15 HST. Selama kegiatan produksi pertanian, energi input selama kegiatan berlangsung dapat diketahui berdasarkan beberapa parameter energi. Beberapa input energi yang dievaluasi pada aktivitas penyemprotan adalah energi pestisida dan energi operator (manusia). Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengevaluasi energi dari aktivitas penyemprotan, analisis teknis kerja, dan membandingkan energi manusia yang dihitung dengan alat (Garmin forerunner 35) dan faktor konversi. Aktivitas penyemprotan pada penelitian ini dianalisis pada 5 petak sawah pada 15 HST. Total pestisida yang digunakan dan rata-rata energi pestisida adalah 0,3419 kg/ha dan 67,6612 MJ/ha. Pada saat penyemprotan operator menggunakan knapsack manual (kap. 16 liter). Kapasitas kerja efektif untuk penyemprotan adalah 51,9759 l/ha. Energi operator yang dihitung menggunakan alat dan faktor konversi adalah 5,2480 dan 2,4243 MJ/ha. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa energi terbesar pada aktivitas penyemprotan terdapat pada energi pestisida dan yang paling kecil adalah energi manusia.Energy and Performance Evaluation on Spraying Activity Paddy in Sumatera BaratAbstract. Spraying technique is one of the activities in optimize the growth of rice plants. Spraying is doing by farmers to protecting paddy from pest, disease, and also to stimulate growth up of the paddy usually since paddy at 15 DAP. In the process of agricultural production, input production facilities can be assessed as an energy parameter. Some energy input which evaluating in spraying activities are pesticides and labor energy. The objectives of this study are evaluated energy of spraying activity, analyzed technical performance, and compared between labor energy analyzed by tools (Garmin forerunner 35) and conversion factor. The spraying activity in this study has analyzed on five plots of the paddy field at 15 DAP. The results showed 0.3419 kg/ha and 67.6612 MJ/ha for pesticides used and the average of pesticide energy. respectively. For spraying activity, the labor used manual knapsack (cap. 16 liters). The effective work capacity for spraying is 51.9759 l/h. The labor energy which calculated by tools and conversion factor are 5.2480 and 2.4243 MJ/ha. It means which on spraying activity the largest input energy came from pesticides and the lowest one is labor energy.

scholarly journals Analysis on Present Mathematical Model for Predicting the Crop Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Government Website

India is a worldwide agriculture business powerhouse. Future of agriculture-based products depends on the crop production. A mathematical model might be characterized as a lot of equations that speak to the conduct of a framework. By using mathematical model in agriculture field, we can predict the production of crop in particular area. There are various factors affecting crops such as Rainfall, GHG Emissions, Temperature, Urbanization, climate, humidity etc. A mathematical model is a simplified representation of a real-world system. It forms the system using mathematical principles in the form of a condition or a set of conditions. Suppose we need to increase the crop production, at that time the mathematical model plays a major role and our work can be easier, more significant by using the mathematical model. Through the mathematical model we predict the crop production in upcoming years. .AI, ML, IOT play a major role to predict the future of agriculture, but without mathematical models it is not possible to predict crop production accurately. To solve the real-world agriculture problem, mathematical models play a major role for accurate results. Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression analysis and fuzzy logic simulation standards have been utilized for building a grain production benefit depending model from crop production. Prediction of crop is beneficiary to the farmer to analyze the crop management. By using the present agriculture data set which is available on the government website, we can build a mathematical model.

Energy in the 1980s - Future trends in utilization of coal energy conversion

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1261) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Feed Stock ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Potential Reserve

World reserves of fossil fuels are sufficient for many decades of increasing usage. During the next few decades at least, fossil fuels will be much the most important energy source. These fuels should be exploited in a complementary manner. Coal represents much the largest potential reserve, followed probably by hydrocarbons less easily utilized than those commonly being exploited now. Techniques exist for the conversion of coal into coke and carbons, electricity, gas and substitute oil-feed stock. Improvements in these processes are possible but their large-scale introduction depends on economics. Where coal burning can meet a requirement (local heat or steam, or electricity generation) fluidized combustion can be the most efficient process; better integration with mining techniques are possible and environmental considerations are favourable. Fluidized combustion would be a high priority unit in a ‘ Coalplex ’ which could have electricity, gas and oil as possible products. The best mix could depend on the value ascribed to the products and this in turn invokes consideration of the overall economics of energy storage, transport and demand flexibility. Looking farther ahead, coal will certainly remain a vital chemical component for various proposed energy systems and will also probably be able to compete as the energy input into conversion schemes. The technology of coal utilization may also have applications for other fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Energy balance of irrigated maize silage

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás de Aquino Ferreira ◽  
Sílvia Costa Ferreira ◽  
Jackson Antônio Barbosa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Silva Volpato ◽  
Rute Costa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Direct Energy

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the energy balance and energy efficiency of the silage maize crop in the Center for Research, Development and Technology Transfer of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (CDTT-UFLA). The crop was irrigated by center pivot and the stages of maize cultivation and energy inputs were monitored for the 1st and 2nd crops of the 2014/2015 harvest. Results from the energy analysis showed the crop had a total energy input of 45,643.85 MJ ha-1 and 47,303.60 MJ ha-1 for the 1st and 2nd crops and a significant predominance of direct energy type (about 92% of the matrix). Regarding direct energy inputs, the diesel oil was the most representative, contributing with approximately 38% of the total energy demand. Conversely, the irrigation system contribute with 3.92% e 5.97% in the 1st and 2nd crops, representing the largest indirect energy input. Nevertheless, irrigation and crop management allowed the system achieving high levels of productivity, resulting in an energy efficiency of 25.1 and 28.1 for the first and second crops respectively.

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