scholarly journals Poultry biodiversity for alternative farming systems development

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Edoardo Fiorilla ◽  
Alice Cartoni Mancinelli ◽  
Marco Birolo ◽  
Cesare Castellini ◽  
Dominga Soglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Ideal Genotype

Poultry biodiversity represents a key factor to improve poultry resilience and promote sustainable and low input farming systems. The EU and member states promote protection of livestock biodiversity and the development of alternative farming through funding projects such as “Local Chicken Breeds in Alternative Production Chain: Welfare, Quality and Sustainability” (funded by the Italian Ministry of Research and University). The aim of the present research was to identify among five different poultry genotypes Bionda Piemontese (BP), Robusta Maculata (RM), RM x Sasso (RMxS), BP x Sasso (BPxS) and a commercial hybrid (Ross 308) the best suitable breed in terms of productivity and welfare for alternative housing system. A total of 300 (60 x genotype), 21 days old male birds were randomly allotted in two housing systems: 1) standard intensive farming (controlled environment, 33 kg/m2 and standard diet) and 2) free-range (“natural” environmental conditions, 21 kg/m2, access to outdoor area and low-input diet). Slaughtering was performed at 81 days of age. During the trial, the productive performance and behaviour of the animals were evaluated. The housing system, the genotype and their interaction significantly affected many of the studied variables, showing broiler not the ideal genotype for extensive farming system, which is more suited for low/medium performance strains.

Comparison of alternative farming systems. I. Infiltration techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Logsdon ◽  
J.K. Radke ◽  
D.L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Surface Soil Properties ◽  
Infiltration Techniques

AbstractQuantitative data are needed to understand how alternative farming practices affect surface infiltration of water and associated surface soil properties. We used a rainfall simulator, double ring infiltrometer, small single ring infiltrometers, and tension infiltrometers to measure water infiltration for Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) and for Webster silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) soils located on a conventionally-managed and an alternatively-managed farm in central Iowa. Steady-state measurements suggested that infiltration rates were somewhat higher for the alternative farming system. Bulk densities were sometimes lower, and volume of large pores was a little higher for the alternative farming system. Small single rings were more reproducible than rainfall simulators or double ring infiltrometers, and data trends were the same as for rainfall simulators.

scholarly journals Yield Components Stability Assessment of Peas in Conventional and Low-Input Cultivation Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Vasileios Greveniotis ◽  
Elisavet Bouloumpasi ◽  
Stylianos Zotis ◽  
Athanasios Korkovelos ◽  
Constantinos G. Ipsilandis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Stable Performance

The primary purpose of this study was to explore yield stability of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars based on stability index, with specific aim at studying cultivar behavior regarding yield of peas under both conventional and low-input cultivation systems. Five cultivars of peas were used in a strip-plot design. Correlations showed a significant positive relation between seed yield and some other traits. Indirect seed yield improvement may be implemented by improving pod length, which generally showed high stability indices in Greek mega-environment. Comparisons between conventional and low-input farming systems generally did not affect stability estimations, but revealed cultivars that exhibited stable performance, even in low-input farming systems. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis, genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences between genotypes and environments, and also the farming system. This way, we have certain cultivars of peas to recommend for specific areas and farming system, in order to achieve the most stable performance. Vermio proved to be a stable cultivar for seed yield performance, in Giannitsa, Trikala and Kalambaka area, in low-inputs farming systems, while Olympos was the best in Florina area and low-input farming.

scholarly journals Pertanian Organik sebagai Salah Satu Konsep Pertanian Berkelanjutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Yuriansyah Yuriansyah ◽  
Dulbari Dulbari ◽  
Hery Sutrisno ◽  
Arief Maksum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Organic Farming System

Excessive use of inorganic chemicals results in adverse impacts on land and plants. In the midst of the community, there is anxiety about the high content of pesticide residues in agricultural products. There is a need to develop alternative farming systems that are able to produce quantities and quality of healthy products in a sustainable manner. One agricultural system that supports the concept is the organic farming system. The basic principles of organic farming are: (1) Keeping the ecosystem healthy, (2) Applying the principle of efficiency to the cultivation system, (3) Conducting production activities with the concept of sustainable agriculture, (4) Producing pesticide-free products, and (6) Maintaining environmental sustainability. Food Crop Production Study Program Lampung State Polytechnic makes Organic Agriculture as one of the leading competencies for its graduates. The establishment of the Organic Agriculture Business Unit on campus will increase student competencies, foster entrepreneurship, be a place for competency internships, and as an independent source of income.

scholarly journals Testing eye temperature assessed with infrared thermography to evaluate stress in meat goats raised in a semi-intensive farming system: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Ester Bartolomé ◽  
Florencia Azcona ◽  
María Cañete-Aranda ◽  
Davinia I. Perdomo-González ◽  
Joana Ribes-Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Eye Temperature

Abstract. The Blanca Serrana goat is selected for meat production and usually raised in an extensive farm system. The meat goat industry is getting bigger in Spain, evolving to more intensive farming systems. The negative influence of stress produced by daily management on animal welfare is even bigger in these animals as they are not used to getting so close to humans. Eye temperature has recently appeared as an appropriate and noninvasive tool for welfare assessment in cattle, but no previous studies have been developed in goats. Thus, the main aim of this pilot study was to test eye temperature as a noninvasive tool to explore stress levels associated with a semi-intensive farming system for meat goats in comparison with the standard measurements of stress. For that, 24 Blanca Serrana goats were used. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and eye temperature (ET), assessed with infrared thermography samples, were collected just before and just after a stressful situation created to check how the routine management of semi-intensive farming systems affected this species. A factorial ANOVA, least square means and Scheffé post hoc comparison analyses found statistically significant differences due to the stress test moment for RR (p < 0.05) and ET (p < 0.001) with higher values shown after the stress test than before it. Differences due to age were found just for HR (p < 0.05) and RR (p < 0.01) stress parameters, with kids showing higher results than adults. Pearson correlations between HR, RR and ET parameters showed a medium–high positive correlation of 0.56 between RR and ET. Thus, ET appears as an appropriate and noninvasive tool to explore stress levels associated with a semi-intensive farming system for meat goats.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION OF SOYBEAN AGROPHYTOCENOSIS DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF FARMING AND SOIL TILLAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 357 (56) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Oleksiy TSYUK ◽  
◽  
Dmutro MARCHENKO ◽  
Ivan SHUVAR ◽  
Wioletta BIEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Biological Farming

This work presents the results of the study of changes of the potential contamination of soybean agrophytocenosis in grain-row crop rotation by using different systems of farming and typical black soil tillage. It was established that in the upper 0–5 cm layer of soil there are on average 393–671 million pieces of weed seeds. which is 33.6–43.0% of the total number in the layer of soil 0–20 cm. It was established that the use of periodical moldboard and superficial basic soil tillage had no impact on reducing the potential contamination of typical black soil compared to the variant of differentiated tillage. During subsurface plowing the total number of seeds in the soil layer 0–20 cm increased by 13.5–25.8% compared to differentiated tillage. In the variants of ecological and biological farming systems the number of weed seeds in the layer 0–5 cm was 11.3–19.6% higher compared to the intensive farming system. Based on monitoring of the species composition of the weed seeds bank it was established that in the arable layer of the soil the largest share are annual dicotyledonous – 48–62%. annual monocotyledonous – 30.2–44.6%. perennial – 0.9–3.3% of the total number. It was proved that under the intensive system of farming the yield of soybean variety Silesia increased on average from 10.2 to 147% compared to the ecological and biological system of farming. During the biological system of farming soybean yield did not exceed 1.0–1.8 t/ha. Therefore. the industrial and ecological system of farming had the greatest impact on reducing the potential weediness of the soybean agrocenosis during the growing season. During the biological system of farming crop yields decrease due to the accumulation of weed seeds in the topsoil and formation of high actual weediness of the soybean agrocenosis.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INTENSIVE AND SEMI-INTENSIVE GOAT FARMING SYSTEMS IN DUYENHAI DISTRICT, TRAVINH PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Linh Thi Yen Nguyen ◽  
Ut Danh ◽  
Tien Thi My Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Ngoc Duong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Multivariate Regression Model ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Goat Farming

This research is conducted to assess the economic efficiency of two farming operations of goats called intensive and semi-intensive in Duyen Hai District, TraVinh Province, thereby finding out the drawbacks of each system and potential solutions towards the sustainability of goat farming in the area. An in-depth interview method was applied (KIP) to inteview two different groups of participants. The first group was leaders of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of TraVinh Province and the second group consisted of 120 household farmers in four communes of Duyen Hai District. Beside, multivariate regression model is also applied in this study. The findings show that both systems offer a great deal of productivity (VND 113.27mil/year/household for semi-intensive farming system and VND 136.11 mil/year/household for intensive farming system). However, in response to climate change, the intensive goat farming operation brings higher level of profits and has a lower environmental impact, especially goat manure is beneficial for crops.

Factors influencing the economic potential for alternative farming systems: Case analyses in South Dakota

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Dobbs ◽  
Mark G. Leddy ◽  
James D. Smolik
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Alternative System ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Farm Program

AbstractResults of calculations on the economic potential for alternative (low input, sustainable) farming systems in a small grain-row crop region of the Northern Plains are reported. Two sets of alternative farming systems, in which no chemical fertilizers or herbicides are used, are compared with various conventional and reduced till systems. In Farming Systems Study I (FSS1), an alternative rotation consisting of oats, alfalfa, soybeans, and corn is compared with conventional and ridge till rotation systems composed of corn, soybeans, and spring wheat. In Farming Systems Study II (FSS2), three systems with an emphasis on small grains are compared. An alternative system rotation consisting of oats, sweet clover, soybeans, and spring wheat is compared with conventional and minimum till rotation systems comprised of soybeans, spring wheat, and barley. Results of baseline economic analyses show that alternative farming systems can be competitive with more conventional systems in at least some situations. The alternative systems entail markedly lower direct costs, and the alternative system in FSS2 has approximately the same net returns as the comparable conventional and minimum till systems. The FSS1 alternative system has positive but somewhat lower net returns than the comparable conventional and ridge till systems. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with alternative system crop yields, chemical fertilizer and herbicide prices, and varying assumptions about future Federal farm program support levels and acreage set aside requirements. The yield sensitivity analyses show that one alternative farming system requires yields about 5–10 percent above those of the comparable conventional system to produce the same net returns. However, the other alternative system is competitive with a conventional system even with yields 5 percent lower. Analyses varying chemical fertilizer and herbicide prices reveal that the alternative farming system in FSS1 becomes competitive with more conventional systems when fertilizer and herbicide prices rise by 50 percent. The alternative farming system in FSS2 is already competitive at current fertilizer and herbicide prices. In some cases, sensitivity analyses with Federal farm program provisions indicate that reductions in farm program benefits increase the economic competitiveness of alternative farming systems. However, important exceptions occur. Results indicate that not only the level of future farm program benefits, but also the form of program provisions and compliance requirements, will affect the relative competitiveness of alternative farming systems.

Crop-yield and economic comparisons of organic, low-input, and conventional farming systems in California's Sacramento Valley

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Clark ◽  
Karen Klonsky ◽  
Peter Livingston ◽  
Steve Temple
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Sacramento Valley

AbstractWe compared the crop yields and economic performance of organic, lowinput, and conventional farming systems over an eight-year period based on research from the Sustainable Agriculture Farming Systems (SAFS) Project in California's Sacramento Valley. The SAFS Project consisted of four farming-system treatments that differed in material input use and crop rotation sequence. The treatments included four-year rotations under conventional (conv-4), low-input, and organic management, and a conventionally-managed, two-year rotation (conv-2). The four-year rotations included processing tomato, safflower, corn, and bean and a winter grain and/or legume doublecropped with bean. The conv-2 treatment was a tomato and wheat rotation. In the lowinput and organic systems, inorganic fertilizer and synthetic pesticide inputs were reduced or eliminated largely through crop rotation, legume cover crops, composted manure applications, and mechanical cultivation.All crops, except safflower, demonstrated significant yield differences across farming systems in at least some years of the experiment. Yields of tomato and corn, the most nitrogen (N)-demanding crops in the rotations, responded most years to the farming-system years treatments, while bean and the winter grain/legume displayed treatment differences less often and instead tended to vary more with yearly growing conditions. Nitrogen availability and/or weed competition appeared to account for lower crop yields in the organic and low-input systems in some years. The economics of all farming systems depended mainly on the costs and profits associated with tomato production. The most profitable system was the conv-2 system due to the greater frequency of tomato in that system. Among the four-year rotations, the organic system was the most profitable. However, this system's dependence on price premiums leads to some concern over its long-term economic viability. Among the low-input cropping systems, corn demonstrated clear agronomic and economic advantages over conventional production methods. Based upon these findings, we suggest that future research on organic and low-input farming systems focus on developing cost-effective fertility and weed management options based upon improved understanding of N dynamics and weed ecology.

Comparison of alternative farming systems. II. Earthworm population density and species diversity

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin C. Berry ◽  
Douglas L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Aporrectodea Trapezoides ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Earthworm Population ◽  
Octolasion Tyrtaeum

Effects of soil fauna on soil quality are largely unknown. Our objective was to learn whether long-term soil management has significantly affected earthworm species and populations at two Iowa locations. Soil cores were collected in fall 1989, spring 1990, and fall 1990 from a long-term tillage study in Polk County, Iowa, involving monoculture of corn (Zea mays L.) with either no-tillage, fall disking, fall chisel plowing, or fall moldboard plowing. Species found were Lumbricus terrestris (L), Octolasion tyrtaeum (Savigny), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges), A. turgida (Eisen), and A. tuberculata (Eisen), with O. tyrtaeum dominant across all treatments. As the amount of tillage increased, the number of earthworms generally decreased. InBoone County, Iowa, we compared the populations of mature and immature earthworms and cocoons on two adjacent fields, one managed conventionally, the other managed with an alternative farming system for more than 20 years. The predominant species was A. tuberculata. Regardless of management practice, the most worms were found in Canisteo soil on the toeslope landscape position.

scholarly journals Farming systems in sheep rearing: Impact on growth and reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, disease incidence and heat stress indices

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244922
Author(s):  
D. Karthik ◽  
J. Suresh ◽  
Y. Ravindra Reddy ◽  
G. R. K. Sharma ◽  
J. V. Ramana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Panting Score ◽  
Intensive System

The experiment was conducted with an intent to know the effect of different farming systems on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility coefficients, reproductive traits, disease incidence, heat stress indices, and cost economics of Nellore sheep. The study includes two parallel trials to prevent the influence of age on heat stress indices (panting score and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF)). One hundred and twenty lambs (60 ram-lambs and 60 ewe-lambs) were allotted in a randomized block design under extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive systems for trial I, whereas trial II include eighteen rams assigned to the three respective farming systems in a completely randomised design. Both, season (summer) and grazing practice increased the panting score and EOF. The heat stress indices were positively correlated (P<0.01) with dry-bulb temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) and inversely correlated (P<0.01) to relative humidity. Allotting the sheep to intensive system increased (P<0.001) weight gain and average daily gain with higher effect in males compared to females. The parameters of asymptotic weight (A), integration constant (B), and maturation rate were higher for intensive males. The male Nellore lambs had higher asymptotic weight and lower maturity rate than females, irrespective of the rearing system. Intensive sheep revealed a higher dry matter intake, digestibility coefficients, feed conversion ratio. The instantaneous bite mass (IBM) was higher for Commelina benghalensis, while instantaneous bite frequency (IBF), instantaneous intake rate (IIR) were higher for Cyanodon dactylon and amaranthus viridis, respectively. The proportion of intakes were highest for Stylo hemata followed by Cynodon dactylon and Tridax procumbens species. No differences were observed for the weight at puberty, oestrus cycle length, oestrus duration, conception percent, gestation period, and lambing percent in three rearing systems; however, the age at puberty was lower (P<0.001) and the birth weight was higher (P<0.001) for sheep reared under intensive farming system. Highest disease incidence was observed in rainy and winter seasons, particularly in sheep reared under extensive system. The capital expenditure was same for the three rearing systems, while the recurring expenditure was higher for Intensive farming system. The gross income and net income were higher for intensive system on account of higher weight gains. However, the higher returns per rupee of expenditure project the extensive farming as an ideal rearing system for small farmers and entrepreneurs with a low initial capital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document