scholarly journals Bibliographical references: From publishers to SIMBAD

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 12004
Author(s):  
Thomas Delacour ◽  
Soizick Lesteven ◽  
Gilles Landais ◽  
Aline Eisele ◽  
Magali Neuville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Astronomical Object ◽  
Completion Test

The SIMBAD astronomical database hosted by the CDS provides basic data, cross-identifications, bibliography and measurements for astronomical objects outside the solar system. The CDS receives the bibliographic meta-data of the articles published in the main astronomical journals directly from the publishers. How we receive the data and their format vary from one publisher to the next. These data are first extracted and stored in files with a standardised format. Then, to avoid errors or misprints, we perform different tests on these data: - Author names are compared to a reference list maintained at CDS, and the keywords are compared with the AAS list - Astronomical objects are verified by checking their name in the SIMBAD database - A completion test checks that all of articles of a journal volume are present The next step identifies whether an astronomical object appears inside a title, a keyword or an abstract, and if so, we add a link to the object in SIMBAD. Once all of the verifications and corrections have been made we add the meta-data into SIMBAD. We also add other information such as the number of different astronomical objects studied in the paper, the presence tables and their links to VizieR, any new acronyms, as well as some comments. New developments are in progress to automatically extract the data from the tables in the articles (that have not been processed by, or provided to VizieR) . In addition, each night automatic checks are executed to list the new data and to test the coherence of these data in SIMBAD.

Protocol for a scoping review study to identify occupational health hazards among healthcare providers and ancillary staff in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Apraku Tawiah ◽  
Alberta Baffour-Awuah ◽  
Emmanuel Appiah-Brempong ◽  
Evans Afriyie-Gyawu
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Other Information

Abstract Introduction: The formation, modification and implementation of occupational health and safety policy for the Ghana health care industry hinges on data and reviews on occupational exposures. However, there is no synthesized review to speak to the issues of these occupational exposures. A scoping review on occupational exposures among the health workforce in Ghana will provide a broad overview of exposures, and can guide and assist in making decisions on occupational health issues relating healthcare workers. Methods: The Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology framework will guide the conduct of this scoping review. Primary research studies, government documents and other information on occupational exposures among healthcare workers published in English language will be retrieved from databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google scholar. Also, grey literature sources in Ghana including government and tertiary institutions websites will be searched. Reference list of key studies will also be screened to identify relevant studies for inclusion. The review will consider studies that address prevalence, knowledge and predisposing factors of occupational exposures along with utilization of occupational hazards preventive measures. After initial removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, relevant articles will be subjected to full text analysis. The screening processes will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data will then be extracted and presented in tabular form with a narrative to aid easy comprehension. Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review sought to identify predominant occupational exposures among healthcare providers and ancillary workers as described in published and unpublished literature. In addressing the increase of occupational exposures among healthcare workforce in Ghana, this scoping review is intended to bring all the literature together and predict the areas of occupational exposures that needs attention and redress. The findings of the study will be disseminated through publications, conference presentations and stakeholder meetings.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

The Origin of the Moon and its Relationship to the Origin of the Solar System

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Urey
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

During the last 10 years, the writer has presented evidence indicating that the Moon was captured by the Earth and that the large collisions with its surface occurred within a surprisingly short period of time. These observations have been a continuous preoccupation during the past years and some explanation that seemed physically possible and reasonably probable has been sought.

Stellar Evolution

1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
M. Schwarzschild
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Space Craft ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Individual Stars ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fast Flow

It is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the past decade in astronomy that the evolution of some major classes of astronomical objects has become accessible to detailed research. The theory of the evolution of individual stars has developed into a substantial body of quantitative investigations. The evolution of galaxies, particularly of our own, has clearly become a subject for serious research. Even the history of the solar system, this close-by intriguing puzzle, may soon make the transition from being a subject of speculation to being a subject of detailed study in view of the fast flow of new data obtained with new techniques, including space-craft.

Dynamics of comets in the collapsing protosolar nebula

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
L. Neslušan
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Oort Cloud ◽  
Interstellar Clouds ◽  
Protosolar Nebula ◽  
Moving Bodies

AbstractComets are created in the cool, dense regions of interstellar clouds. These macroscopic bodies take place in the collapse of protostar cloud as mechanically moving bodies in contrast to the gas and miscroscopic dust holding the laws of hydrodynamics. In the presented contribution, there is given an evidence concerning the Solar system comets: if the velocity distribution of comets before the collapse was similar to that in the Oort cloud at the present, then the comets remained at large cloud-centric distances. Hence, the comets in the solar Oort cloud represent a relict of the nebular stage of the Solar system.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Laboratory and in-situ analysis of comet dust

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
D.E. Brownlee ◽  
A.L. Albee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Cometary Material ◽  
Comet Dust

Comets are primitive, kilometer-sized bodies that formed in the outer regions of the solar system. Composed of ice and dust, comets are generally believed to be relic building blocks of the outer solar system that have been preserved at cryogenic temperatures since the formation of the Sun and planets. The analysis of cometary material is particularly important because the properties of cometary material provide direct information on the processes and environments that formed and influenced solid matter both in the early solar system and in the interstellar environments that preceded it.The first direct analyses of proven comet dust were made during the Soviet and European spacecraft encounters with Comet Halley in 1986. These missions carried time-of-flight mass spectrometers that measured mass spectra of individual micron and smaller particles. The Halley measurements were semi-quantitative but they showed that comet dust is a complex fine-grained mixture of silicates and organic material. A full understanding of comet dust will require detailed morphological, mineralogical, elemental and isotopic analysis at the finest possible scale. Electron microscopy and related microbeam techniques will play key roles in the analysis. The present and future of electron microscopy of comet samples involves laboratory study of micrometeorites collected in the stratosphere, in-situ SEM analysis of particles collected at a comet and laboratory study of samples collected from a comet and returned to the Earth for detailed study.

Quantitative nano-characterization of heterogeneous catalysts

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
P.A. Crozier ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Dose Imaging

Heterogeneous catalysts can be of varying complexity ranging from single or double phase systems to complicated mixtures of metals and oxides with additives to help promote chemical reactions, extend the life of the catalysts, prevent poisoning etc. Although catalysis occurs on the surface of most systems, detailed descriptions of the microstructure and chemistry of catalysts can be helpful for developing an understanding of the mechanism by which a catalyst facilitates a reaction. Recent years have seen continued development and improvement of various TEM, STEM and AEM techniques for yielding information on the structure and chemistry of catalysts on the nanometer scale. Here we review some quantitative approaches to catalyst characterization that have resulted from new developments in instrumentation.HREM has been used to examine structural features of catalysts often by employing profile imaging techniques to study atomic details on the surface. Digital recording techniques employing slow-scan CCD cameras have facilitated the use of low-dose imaging in zeolite structure analysis and electron crystallography. Fig. la shows a low-dose image from SSZ-33 zeolite revealing the presence of a stacking fault.

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Extraterrestrial Ice Analogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
D.F. Blake ◽  
LJ. Allamandola ◽  
G. Palmer ◽  
A. Pohorille
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interstellar Material ◽  
Astrophysical Ices ◽  
Interstellar Molecular Clouds

The natural history of the biogenic elements H, C, N, O, P and S in the cosmos is of great interest because it is these elements which comprise all life. Material ejected from stars (or pre-existing in the interstellar medium) is thought to condense into diffuse bodies of gravitationally bound gas and dust called cold interstellar molecular clouds. Current theories predict that within these clouds, at temperatures of 10-100° K, gases (primarily H2O, but including CO, CO2, CH3OH, NH3, and others) condense onto submicron silicate grains to form icy grain mantles. This interstellar ice represents the earliest and most primitive association of the biogenic elements. Within these multicomponent icy mantles, pre-biotic organic compounds are formed during exposure to UV radiation. It is thought that icy planetesimals (such as comets) within our solar system contain some pristine interstellar material, including ices, and may have (during the early bombardment of the solar system, ∼4 Ga) carried this material to Earth.Despite the widespread occurrence of astrophysical ices and their importance to pre-biotic organic evolution, few experimental data exist which address the relevant phase equilibria and possible structural states. A knowledge of the petrology of astrophysical ice analogs will allow scientists to more confidently interpret astronomical IR observations. Furthermore, the development and refinement of procedures for analyzing ices and other materials at cryogenic temperatures is critical to the study of materials returned from the proposed Rosetta comet nucleus and Mars sample return missions.

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