scholarly journals Leidenfrost evaporation of a single droplet of gasoline blends of ethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 02062
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Orzechowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Colourless Liquid

The increase in energy consumption is observed since the middle of the 20th century. At the same time, the International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts a 50% increase in energy consumption by 2030. One of the ways to reduce the consumption of such fuels are small additions received from natural gas and renewable energy sources. Mixtures of alcohols with gasoline and diesel oil are produced. Their small additions allow for a certain share of energy from renewable sources without a noticeable change in the combustion characteristics of such fuels. The paper presents the studies on the evaporation of drops of gasoline with a total composition CnHn+2, where n = 5 to 7. Its components are distillation products of crude oil with a low flash point. It is a colourless liquid mixture which main components are: n-heptane, neohexane and cyclopentane. The evaporation characteristics of such a drop with the addition of ethanol are also given. The result of the conducted research is the loss of mass during the drop carried above the surface with temperature above the Leidefrost point.

scholarly journals Recent trends and issues in energy conservation technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk Ulusoy ◽  
Erkan Pektaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The World

Energy efficiency is a set of measures to prevent the loss of energy in gas, steam, air and electricity, to reduce energy demand by recycling and evaluating various wastes, or to reduce production by advanced technology, more efficient energy resources, advanced industrial processes, and energy recovery.  The International Energy Agency announced that world energy consumption increased by 45% since 1980 and would be 70% higher by 2030 [1]. The energy policy of the future will be on saving, energy efficiency and renewable energy trilogy. Today, with the industrial revolution, the environmental problems and the damages caused by the world we live in today have reached the dimensions that threaten human health and ecological balance. Considering that the energy consumed in the world is in buildings, every measure that reduces energy consumption is very important in terms of improving life conditions. For this purpose, the importance of renewable energy sources in the design of energy architecture principles in energy efficiency and sustainable environments is stated.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption of Rail Baltica Project: Regional Aspects of Environmental Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Olga Piterina ◽  
Alexander Masharsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Emissions Intensity

Abstract Research purpose. The high-speed railway (HSR) construction project in the Baltic States is the largest joint infrastructure project since the restoration of independence of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Rail Baltica (RB) is considered as the most energy-efficient project having the lowest environmental impact. However, the issue of energy consumption of the project was not sufficiently addressed either in the investment justification of the RB construction or in the relevant research works regarding the project. The aim of the current research is to determine the indicators of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensity of the Latvian section of RB, since they are the key factors of the quantitative assessment of sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach. Critical analysis of the academic research works and reports of the official international organizations dedicated to the topic of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of HSR was conducted prior to the calculation of the above-mentioned indicators. The method of calculation based on International Union of Railways (UIC) was used in order to conduct the cluster analysis within the framework of current work. The main points considered are electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and level of passenger and freight demand. Statistical databases of UIC and International Energy Agency were used. Findings. The calculations carried out by the authors of the given article demonstrate substantial figures of CO2 emissions intensity for Latvian section of the project related to the train load rate and traffic intensity which is evened out only by the CO2 emissions factor in Latvia. Originality/Value/Practical implications. On this basis the authors present the directions for future research required for the development of the effective strategy for the Latvian Republic with the aim of achieving the increase in the RB project’s ecological efficiency.

scholarly journals Development of a Digital Counterpart to Aid Decision Support on Energy Consumption of an Active Manufacturing Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Liam Morris ◽  
Michael Ahern ◽  
Dominic O’Sullivan ◽  
Ken Bruton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Digital Integration ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Operational Data

This research focused on the development of a Digital Model (DM) of a production line at a medical device company, with the objective of providing decision support to stakeholders based on their energy consumption. This model aims to reduce energy consumption by bringing operational data to process engineers, allowing them to make efficient improvement decisions while in production. In order to achieve this objective, the twin transition of digital integration and energy efficiency was enacted by organisations such as the International Energy Agency (IEA). This two-pronged approach involved working with process owners to understand the decision-making process that they undertook to streamline performance and develop the means to digitalise this data while also working with facilities and maintenance engineers to understand which equipment played the most important roles in the production process from an energy consumption perspective. By bringing the process data and energy data together in a digital model of the process, a decision support system could be developed which would unlock the potential to streamline operations not just from an output perspective, but also from an energy efficient perspective. When examining the process step with data catagorised as energy, operational and maintenance, it was found that only operational data was sufficient to support digital modelling in its current state. Therefore, the installation of a wireless energy metering network would be required to support digital modelling and further digital integration.

scholarly journals An Integrated Economic-Energy-Environmental Framework for the Assessment of Alternative Eco-Sustainable Building Designs

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Guarini ◽  
Francesco Sica ◽  
Pierluigi Morano ◽  
Josè Antonio Vadalà
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Choice Phase

The International Energy Agency (2019) states 40% of CO2 emissions in cities are linked to the buildings stock, in particular to heating and cooling systems, material types and users’ performance. According to Green New Deal, the energy transition of buildings is becoming a priority. This is via investments with low environmental impacts through renewable energy sources. The paper describes an integrated economic-energy-environmental framework (IE3F), i.e., an economic evaluation protocol for new constructions and/or existing renewal projects aimed at supporting the choice phase between alternative technological solutions based on biocompatible materials. The IE3F borrows the logical-operative flow of the life cycle assessment multi-criteria approach. The value aspects translated into monetary terms that characterize the project life cycle are taken into account. The protocol was tested on an emergency project in Italy, namely in Messina City. The results obtained provide evidence of the versatile use of IE3F and its practical utility to guide economic convenience judgements on building investments and choice problems between alternatives in sustainable perspective. The research deepening will be about keeping track of multiple performance levels of the construction, not only the energy performance, and attempting to estimate the corresponding economic value in terms of increase/decrease of construction cost value.

scholarly journals Exploring Energy Pathways for the Low-Carbon Transformation in India—A Model-Based Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Lawrenz ◽  
Bobby Xiong ◽  
Luise Lorenz ◽  
Alexandra Krumm ◽  
Hans Hosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Energy Pathways

With an increasing expected energy demand and current dominance of coal electrification, India plays a major role in global carbon policies and the future low-carbon transformation. This paper explores three energy pathways for India until 2050 by applying the linear, cost-minimizing, global energy system model (GENeSYS-MOD). The benchmark scenario “limited emissions only” (LEO) is based on ambitious targets set out by the Paris Agreement. A more conservative “business as usual” (BAU) scenario is sketched out along the lines of the New Policies scenario from the International Energy Agency (IEA). On the more ambitious side, we explore the potential implications of supplying the Indian economy entirely with renewable energies with the “100% renewable energy sources” (100% RES) scenario. Overall, our results suggest that a transformation process towards a low-carbon energy system in the power, heat, and transportation sectors until 2050 is technically feasible. Solar power is likely to establish itself as the key energy source by 2050 in all scenarios, given the model’s underlying emission limits and technical parameters. The paper concludes with an analysis of potential social, economic and political barriers to be overcome for the needed Indian low-carbon transformation.

scholarly journals Energy consumption reduction at all stages of residential buildings life cycle by means of queuing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Mishchenko ◽  
Sergei Kolodyazhniy ◽  
Elena Gorbaneva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Global Carbon

Buildings are the largest source of carbon emissions and energy consumption around the world. Currently, the construction sector focuses on energy efficient and carbon emission reduction technologies to reduce the effect of a green house and improve the environment. The energy aspects of buildings depend on the early design process. The energy consumed by the building can be reduced to 80% by optimizing the orientation, the shape of the building, the insulation and ventilation during the design and management of the facilities after the completion of the construction. The reductions of energy consumption are fundamental to the International Energy Agency (IEA) goal, which is to reduce global carbon emissions by 77% against the projected data for 2050 to achieve the stabilized CO2 level provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this issue, research and development of energy-efficient technologies are important, which play a crucial role in reducing initial costs and increasing energy conservation. To do this, it is recommended to use simulation modeling of the queue management system, which has practical application for both large systems and for private systems.

scholarly journals Renewable energy sources in the Region of Warmia and Mazury in north-eastern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Janusz Piechocki ◽  
Maciej Neugebauer ◽  
Joanna Hałacz ◽  
Aneta Skotnicka-Siepsiak ◽  
Andrzej Lange
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
North Eastern

The region of Warmia and Mazury in Poland is fourth largest voivodeship which occupies 7,7 % of the country’s territory. The Region of Warmia and Mazury in north-eastern Poland is situated at a distance from conventional energy sources. Therefore, the Region is a Polish leader in power generation from renewable energy sources. The structure of electrical grids in the Region of Warmia and Mazury is poorly developed and insufficient. Therefore, electric power infrastructure should be expanded and modernized as part of energy sector development to increase energy efficiency as well as electricity and heat production from renewable energy sources. The Region of Warmia and Mazury is characterized by a considerable discrepancy between energy generation and energy use. It recent years, electricity consumption exceeded energy production more than 10-fold. The region has to purchase energy from external sources and develop new generation methods, in particular those that rely on renewable resources of energy. In Warmia and Mazury, the most popular renewable energy sources include biomass, wind turbines, solar and photovoltaic panels, hydropower, heat pumps and geothermal energy. The region is characterized by distributed energy generation in small polants that carter mostly to local needs. The University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn has developed, in collaboration with the Warmia and Mazury Energy Agency, a renewable energy strategy for 2010-2020 in the Region of Warmia and Mazury. The strategy is consistent with the Polish Energy Policy and the national plan for the use of renewable energy sources. In the region Warmia and Mazury, efforts are being made to generate 14,000 TJ of energy from renewable sources ( approx. 18,4 % of energy consumption in the region) and 1,700 GWh of electricity (approx. 49 % of energy consumption in the region), reduce CO2 emissions in the energy sector by 1,530,000 tons, and the decrease energy consumption per unit of GDP (PLN 1 million) from 1.94 TJ to 1.67 TJ by 2020.

scholarly journals Reviewing Usage, Potentials, and Limitations of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Halkos ◽  
Eleni-Christina Gkampoura
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Address Climate Change

The world’s ever-increasing population, combined with economic and technological growth and a new, modern way of life, has led to high energy demand and consumption. Fossil fuels have been the main energy source for many years, but their use has many negative impacts on the environment. This has made the transition to renewable energy sources necessary in order to address climate change and meet the 1.5 °C goal. This paper is a review of the different types of renewables, their potentials and limitations, and their connection to climate change, economic growth, and human health. It also examines consumers’ willingness to pay for renewables in different countries, based on the existing literature. IEA (International Energy Agency) data are analyzed, concerning renewables’ current use, the evolution of their usage, and forecasts about their future usage. Finally, policies and strategies are recommended in order to address climate change and fully integrate renewables as a sustainable energy source.

scholarly journals A Smart Grid System for Reducing Energy Consumption and Energy Cost in Buildings in São Paulo, Brazil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3874
Author(s):  
Flavio Guerhardt ◽  
Thadeu Alfredo Farias Silva ◽  
Felix Martin Carbajal Gamarra ◽  
Silvestre Eduardo Rocha Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Segundo Alberto Vásquez Llanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Smart Grid System

The National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) of Brazil, in a bid to encourage energy-conscious energy consumption, has proposed a new sustainable energy tariff modality (the White Tariff) based on off-peak usage. This study aims to compare and contrast situations in which the White Tariff alone is used, and where it is combined with power generation from a generator set or a photovoltaic cell energy system to reduce energy costs. Furthermore, economic, environmental, and social advantages are outlined in the project summaries. Interviews and documentary analyses were conducted in a technology park that uses only the White Tariff and in condominiums that combine the White Tariff with a generator set or a photovoltaic cell system. The data generated was fed into the database of the Horosazonal software to obtain an overview of these companies. Results show that the company adopting the White Tariff alone achieved 19% and US$14,684 in annual savings. However, when the White Tariff is combined with a generator set, the smart grid project proved to be more efficient over time as it obtained an annual benefit of US$35,832 and 62.38% savings. In contrast, the smart grid project combining a photovoltaic cell energy system with the White Tariff achieved an annual benefit of US$52,712, with 68.31% savings and was 1.3 to 5.3 times more profitable than other projects, demonstrating that it was the best smart grip project studied. Furthermore, opting for the White Tariff produced advantages such as a reduction in energy consumption expenses, contributing to a reduction in power outages and blackouts, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and boosting the company image within society. This study shows that energy-conscious consumption combined with the use of renewable energy sources is environmentally and economically advantageous and can provide future generations with a healthier environment in which people can make use of natural resources in a sustainable manner that is sustainable for planet earth.

scholarly journals Energy Self-Subsistence of Agriculture in EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3014
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Marcin Ratajczak ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
Barbara Gradziuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Economic Parameters

The paper’s main purpose was to identify the level and factors influencing the consumption of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture in EU countries. All EU countries were deliberately selected for research, as of 31 December 2018. The research period covered the years 2004 to 2018. The sources of materials were the subject literature, Eurostat data, and IEA (International Energy Agency) data. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: descriptive, tabular, graphical, Gini concentration coefficient, Lorenz concentration curve, descriptive statistics, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In the EU, there was a high level of concentration of renewable energy consumption in several countries. There was also no change in the use of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture, but the concentration level was low. The degree of concentration has not changed for both parameters of renewable energy over a dozen or so years, which proves a similar pace of development of the use of renewable energy sources in individual EU countries. Higher consumption of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture was shown to occur in economically developed countries, but with high agricultural production. There was a strong correlation between the consumption of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture for the entire EU and individual economic parameters in the field of energy and agriculture. The relations were positive for all economic parameters, for total renewables and biofuels consumption and for agricultural production parameters. Negative relations concerned the total energy consumption and parameters related to the area of agricultural crops.

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