The LZ UK Data Centre

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a Dark Matter experiment based at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, USA. It is currently under construction and aims to start data taking in 2020. Its computing model stipulates two independent data centres, one in the USA and one in the UK. Both data centres will hold a complete copy of the experiment’s data and are expected to handle all aspects of data processing and user analysis. Here we discuss the set-up of the UK data centre within the context of the existing UK Grid infrastructure and show that a mature distributed computing system such as the Grid can be extended to serve as a central data centre for a reasonably large non-LHC experiment.

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Geophysics data management at the UK Polar Data Centre

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1422 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alice Fremand

Keyword(s):

Southern Ocean ◽

Data Management ◽

Focal Point ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Data Centre ◽

Seabed Topography ◽

Set Up ◽

The Uk

The UK Polar Data Centre (UK PDC, https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/uk-pdc/) is the focal point for Arctic and Antarctic environmental data management in the UK. Part of the Natural Environmental Research Council&#8217;s (NERC) and based at the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the UK PDC coordinate the management of polar data from UK-funded research and support researchers in complying with national and international data legislation and policy.Reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of polar science, the datasets handled by the data centre are extremely diverse. Geophysics datasets include bathymetry, aerogravity, aeromagnetics and airborne radar depth soundings.&#160; These data provide information about the seabed topography, the Earth&#8217;s geological structure and the ice thickness. The datasets are used in a large variety of scientific research and projects at BAS. For instance, the significant seabed multibeam coverage of the Southern Ocean enables BAS to be a major contributor to multiple international projects such as International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) and Seabed 2030. That is why, it is crucial for the UK Polar Data Centre (PDC) to develop robust procedures to manage these data.In the last few months&#8217;, the procedures to preserve, archive and distribute all these data have been revised and updated to comply with the recommendations from the Standing Committee on Antarctic Data Management (SCADM) and the requirements of CoreTrustSeal for a future certification. The goal is to develop standard ways to publish FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data and set up workflows for long-term preservation and access to UK PDC holdings.

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Educating Students for E-Entrepreneurship in the UK, the USA and China

Industry and Higher Education ◽

10.5367/000000009788640224 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 243-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cindy Millman ◽

Wang-Chan Wong ◽

Zhengwei Li ◽

Harry Matlay

Keyword(s):

Entrepreneurship Education ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Rigorous Research ◽

Growing Body ◽

The Usa ◽

Political Conditions ◽

Set Up ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

A growing body of research evaluates various aspects of entrepreneurship education (such as curriculum, delivery and assessment) and links it to outcomes in terms of both the number and quality of entrepreneurs entering an economy. There is, however, a marked paucity of empirically rigorous research appraising the impact of entrepreneurship education on graduates' intentions and perceived ability to set up Internet-based e-enterprises that can operate across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper provides a comparative overview of entrepreneurship education in the UK, the USA and China with a focus on IT and non-IT students' e-entrepreneurship intentions, perceptions and outcomes. The research on which the paper is based was carried out in two distinct phases: first, focus groups were used to design, pilot and develop a comprehensive research questionnaire for use in a wider, multi-country survey; second, questionnaires were then distributed to students in IT and non-IT related disciplines in the UK, the USA and China. The preliminary results show that most respondents were slow to conceptualize and contextualize e-entrepreneurship in the prevailing socio-economic and political conditions of their countries of origin. There were no significant differences between students of IT and non-IT disciplines in their perceptions of the viability and practicality of engaging in e-entrepreneurship. Generic support initiatives appear to neglect the vast portfolio of skills needs for graduates engaging in Internet trading. The authors recommend that entrepreneurship education providers should engage with emergent models of e-entrepreneurship and that policy makers should provide innovative initiatives to cater for the specific needs of e-entrepreneurs.

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Legal Research Education in the UK

International Journal of Law Libraries ◽

10.1017/s0340045x00012892 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 237-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gillian Bull

Keyword(s):

Basic Research ◽

Curriculum Planning ◽

Legal Research ◽

Legal Information ◽

Research Education ◽

Legal Literature ◽

The Usa ◽

Set Up ◽

The Uk ◽

Teaching Programs

Academic legal literature in the USA is punctuated at regular intervals by discussions of the quality of legal research and writing tuition in the law schools. None of these discussions makes question of the place of such courses within the curriculum. The debate centers upon what should be taught, when, and by whom, and how effective such teaching may be. My first contact with such courses came during a period of work in the USA and when, on my return to the UK, I was required to set up a course in legal information studies, I turned to the UK literature for material on teaching legal research. The result of my search was a complete blank. Indeed, it is difficult to find discussion of any kind on such topics as curriculum planning and the interrelation of legal subjects in teaching programs. The structure of legal education in the UK has been the subject of government reports, but in the main these deal with mechanical and financial aspects—what the apprentice lawyer should learn—and how his professional ability may be enhanced by his education is barely touched upon. There is certainly nothing in the UK literature since the turn of the century on the methods of teaching legal research, nor any debate upon the desirability of teaching such a subject. Basic textbooks on legal bibliography exist, most of which offer guidance, at various levels of sophistication, as to how the novice may handle the literature of law, but it is apparent on examination that none of these are teaching texts, evolved and tested during the repetition of a course of instruction, as are many US texts. We possess nothing in print that might be compared with Price and Bitner's Effective Legal Research (to name just one such book), with its guidance on search strategies and evaluation of sources and facts. I decided to do some basic research and ask all the UK institutions teaching law courses leading to eventual professional qualification what, if anything, they offered by way of instruction in legal research techniques.

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Data centre water consumption

npj Clean Water ◽

10.1038/s41545-021-00101-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Mytton

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Information Communication ◽

Technology Sector ◽

Data Centre ◽

Total Water Consumption ◽

Coverage Analysis ◽

The Usa ◽

Future Consumption ◽

Renewable Electricity Generation ◽

Data Centres

AbstractThe information communication technology sector will experience huge growth over the coming years, with 29.3 billion devices expected online by 2030, up from 18.4 billion in 2018. To reliably support the online services used by these billions of users, data centres have been built around the world to provide the millions of servers they contain with access to power, cooling and internet connectivity. Whilst the energy consumption of these facilities regularly receives mainstream and academic coverage, analysis of their water consumption is scarce. Data centres consume water directly for cooling, in some cases 57% sourced from potable water, and indirectly through the water requirements of non-renewable electricity generation. Although in the USA, data centre water consumption (1.7 billion litres/day) is small compared to total water consumption (1218 billion litres/day), there are issues of transparency with less than a third of data centre operators measuring water consumption. This paper examines the water consumption of data centres, the measurement of that consumption, highlights the lack of data available to assess water efficiency, and discusses and where the industry is going in attempts to reduce future consumption.

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The emergence of data centres as an innovative alternative property sector

Journal of Property Investment and Finance ◽

10.1108/jpif-08-2018-0064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 140-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muhammad Jufri Marzuki ◽

Graeme Newell

Keyword(s):

Institutional Investors ◽

Value Added ◽

Portfolio Diversification ◽

Content Type ◽

Risk Return ◽

Data Centre ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Usa ◽

Data Centres

Purpose As one of the increasingly important alternative property sectors, data centres are a technology-focused property sector that is taking advantage of the growing investment intensity in technology-related infrastructure, against the backdrop of constant innovation and advancement in technology. The purpose of this paper is to assess the preliminary risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of data centre Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the USA, Australia and Singapore. The strategic implications going forward for data centres as an innovative property sector in the property investment space are also highlighted. Design/methodology/approach Using monthly total returns, the average annual return, annual risk, risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of data centre REITs in the USA, Australia and Singapore over 2016–2018 are assessed. Optimal asset allocation analysis is performed to investigate the value-added role of data centre REITs in a mixed-asset portfolio. Findings Data centre REITs delivered strong average annual return performance, outperforming the composite REITs in all three markets. This also sees data centre REITs being riskier than the overall REIT sector due to the non-traditional and maturing status of the data centre property sector. On a risk-adjusted basis, competitive performance was recorded for data centre REITs, with data centre REITs in the USA and Singapore outperforming their respective composite REITs. This performance is also delivered with significant portfolio diversification benefits with the stock market, resulting in data centre REITs contributing to the US mixed-asset portfolios across a diverse risk spectrum. Practical implications Institutional investors are now giving increased emphasis to alternative property sectors with better risk-return trade-offs. Improved performance and diversification benefits are achieved by supplementing existing property portfolios with non-traditional property sectors with counter-cyclical risk-return profiles, one of which is the data centre property sector. This sees data centres as an important alternative property sector, having technology-based drivers and being recognised as having a clear path towards institutionalisation with the major investors in the near future. Originality/value This paper is the first published empirical research analysis that specifically assessed the preliminary performance and diversification benefits of data centre REITs in the USA, Australia and Singapore. This research enables empirically validated, more informed and practical property investment decision making by institutional investors regarding the future strategic role of the data centre property sector as an innovative sector in the institutional property investment space.

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Towards Sustainable Data Centre Operations in the UK

Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services - Handbook of Research on Consumerism in Business and Marketing ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-5880-6.ch007 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 143-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Jones ◽

Robin Bown ◽

David Hillier ◽

Daphne Comfort

Keyword(s):

Web Sites ◽

Business Models ◽

Sustainability Reporting ◽

Limited Information ◽

Economic Issues ◽

Data Centre ◽

Corporate Web Sites ◽

The Uk ◽

Data Centres ◽

Empirical Material

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an exploratory review of the sustainability agendas being addressed and publicly reported by the UK's leading data centre operators. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of the characteristics of sustainability and an outline of the origins and development of data centres within the UK. The chapter draws its empirical material from the most recent information on sustainability posted on the UK's leading data centre operators' corporate web sites. The findings reveal that all the UK's leading data centre operators provide only limited information on their commitment to sustainability with the dominant focus being on its environmental dimension and with little attention being paid to social and economic issues. More critically, the authors argue that these commitments are driven more by the search for efficiency gains, that they are couched within existing business models centred on continuing growth, and that as such the UK's leading data centre operators are pursuing a ‘weak' rather than a ‘strong' model of sustainability. The chapter suggests that the leading data centre operating companies may need to extend their sustainability reporting and to introduce external assurance procedures.

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ANALISIS YURIDIS DINAMIKA TINDAK PIDANA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI

to-ra ◽

10.33541/tora.v1i1.665 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jeane N. Saly

Keyword(s):

Criminal Law ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Criminal Code ◽

District Court ◽

Criminal Offense ◽

Law System ◽

Criminal Sanctions ◽

The Usa ◽

Set Up ◽

The Uk

AbstractThe impact of globalization has not only resulted in growth of increasingly thin state border, butalso growth of legal events that are not only private, but also be public, as a criminal offense, whichrequires accountability as a result of the activities of large companies (corporate) in their activities,to the detriment public (public). The problem is how the development of corporate criminal offensesettings and is responsible under the law in Indonesia, and other countries. The conclusion is thatthe offense and the responsibility of corporations in Indonesia are not regulated in the CriminalJustice Act (Criminal Code), but scattered in various legislation. The next development, both incriminal law and administrative law that have criminal sanctions have largely been set up ofcorporate as subjects of criminal law. In fact, in the General Explanation of the first bookmanuscript draft Law Code of Criminal Law (Draft-Criminal Code) 1999-2000 recognized. Inother countries, criminal offense of corporate and its accountability is set up, especially thecountries adherents of the common law system, are like the UK, the USA, and Canada, whichstarted in the industrial revolution 1842. The district court in its decision to apply through penaltiesfor the corporate fails to perform obligations under the legislation.Kata Kunci: Dinamika Tindak Pidana dan Pertanggungjawaban korporasi

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Resolving issues concerning Eskdalemuir geomagnetic hourly values

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-29-283-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 283-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Macmillan ◽

E. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Post Processing ◽

World Data ◽

Data Centre ◽

North East ◽

The World ◽

Variability Index ◽

The Uk ◽

Field Variability ◽

Data Centres

Abstract. The hourly values of the geomagnetic field from 1911 to 1931 derived from measurements made at Eskdalemuir observatory in the UK, and available online from the World Data Centre for Geomagnetism at http://www.wdc.bgs.ac.uk/, have now been corrected. Previously they were 2-point averaged and transformed from the original north, east and vertical down values in the tables in the observatory yearbooks. This paper documents the course of events from discovering the post-processing done to the data to the final resolution of the problem. As it was through the development of a new index, the Inter-Hour Variability index, that this post-processing came to light, we provide a revised series of this index for Eskdalemuir and compare it with that from another European observatory. Conclusions of studies concerning long-term magnetic field variability and inferred solar variability, whilst not necessarily consistent with one another, are not obviously invalidated by the incorrect hourly values from Eskdalemuir. This series of events illustrates the challenges that lie ahead in removing any remaining errors and inconsistencies in the data holdings of different World Data Centres.

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An early mainstream economist from Hungary: István Varga (1897–1962)

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.53.2003.2.4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 195-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Majoros

Keyword(s):

Austrian Economic ◽

National Income ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

The Usa ◽

New Ideas ◽

Modern Economic ◽

The Uk ◽

Economic Thinking ◽

Lasting Influence

The study introduces a Hungarian economic thinker, István Varga*, whose valuable activity has remained unexplored up to now. He became an economic thinker during the 1920s, in a country that had not long before become independent of Austria. The role played by Austria in the modern economic thinking of that time was a form of competition with the thought adhered to by the UK and the USA. Hungarian economists mainly interpreted and commented on German and Austrian theories, reasons for this being that, for example, the majority of Hungarian economists had studied at German and Austrian universities, while at Hungarian universities principally German and Austrian economic theories were taught. István Varga was familiar not only with contemporary German economics but with the new ideas of Anglo-Saxon economics as well — and he introduced these ideas into Hungarian economic thinking. He lived and worked in turbulent times, and historians have only been able to appreciate his activity in a limited manner. The work of this excellent economist has all but been forgotten, although he was of international stature. After a brief summary of Varga’s profile the study will demonstrate the lasting influence he has had in four areas — namely, business cycle research and national income estimations, the 1946 Hungarian stabilisation program, corporate profit, and consumption economics — and will go on to summarise his most important achievements.

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