scholarly journals Surface Modification of Nanoclay for the Synthesis of Polycaprolactone (PCL) – Clay Nanocomposite

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Yusoh ◽  
Shamini Vesaya Kumaran ◽  
Fadwa Sameeha Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solution Intercalation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

This paper presents a new modification method to modify the surface of nanoclay (Na-MMT) to increase its d-spacing using Aminopropylisooctyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (AP-POSS) and the fabrication of Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite through solution intercalation technique. The structure and morphology of pure nanoclay, modified nanoclay (POSS-MMT) and the PCL nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). XRD revealed that the d-spacing of the POSS-MMT is increased by 0.64 nm as compared to pure nanoclay. FTIR and FESEM results also showed that AP-POSS were well dispersed and intercalated throughout the interlayer space of Na-MMT. An exfoliated structure was also observed for PCL/POSS-MMT nanocomposite. Thermal properties of the nanocomposite were investigated using Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) which recorded highest degradation temperature for PCL/POSS-MMT 1% nanocomposite which is 394.1°C at 50% weight loss (T50%) but a decrease in degradation temperature when POSS-MMT content is increased and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis which showed highest melting and crystallization temperature for PCL/POSS-MMT 5% nanocomposite which is 56.6°C and 32.7°C respectively whereas a decrease in degree of crystallinity for PCL/POSS-MMT nanocomposite as compared to PCL/Na-MMT nanocomposite. This study affords an efficient modification method to obtain organoclay with larger interlayer d-spacing to enhance the properties of polymer nanocomposite.

Preparation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/ Cloisite25A nanocomposites

e-Polymers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matko Erceg ◽  
Dražan Jozić
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tg Analysis ◽  
Solution Intercalation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Cloisite25A (PHB/25A) nanocomposites were prepared by solution-intercalation method. The intercalation of PHB chains between the layers of Cloisite25A was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and non-isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) analysis were performed to study the thermal properties, crystallization and the thermal degradation of the prepared nanocomposites. DSC analysis indicates that Cloisite25A acts as a nucleating agent and increases the crystallization rate of PHB, but due to intercalation reduces its overall degree of crystallinity. TG analysis shows that addition of Cloisite25A enhances the thermal stability of PHB.

Difference thermal analysis of crystalline solids by the use of energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Eisenreich ◽  
W. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

A method is described to study the structural behavior of solids subjected to various temperature programs. The instrumentation consists of a high- or low-temperature device, a temperature programmer, a system for energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and a data processing and storing unit and allows the fully automatic acquisition of series of spectra. A strong data reduction is performed by summing up difference diagrams. Plotting the resulting values versus temperature yields curves comparable to those obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or thermal gravimetry (TG). A kinetic evaluation as used in the case of DSC or TG curves is possible. The method was applied to study the thermal behavior of a mixture of ammonium nitrate with zinc oxide. The curves indicate the strong anisotropic thermal expansion of the ammonium nitrate phase IV below 323 K, its transition to phase II at 325–329 K and the solid-state reaction with zinc oxide within the temperature interval of 353–383 K.

scholarly journals Hemp Fibre Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sawpan ◽  
K.L. Pickering ◽  
Alan Fernyhough
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Fibre Loading ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The potential of hemp fibre as a reinforcing material for Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. Good interaction between hemp fibre and PLA resulted in increases of 100% for Young’s modulus and 30% for tensile strength of composites containing 30 wt% fibre. Different predictive ‘rule of mixtures’ models (e.g. Parallel, Series and Hirsch) were assessed regarding the dependence of tensile properties on fibre loading. Limited agreement with models was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that hemp fibre increased the degree of crystallinity in PLA composites.

Study of the structure and thermal characteristics of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol and intercalated montmorillonite

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987919
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
Ivan Gajdos ◽  
Oleh Suberlyak ◽  
Viktoria Antoniuk ◽  
Tomasz Jachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The structure and thermal characteristics of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and montmorillonite (MMT) intercalated with polyvinylpyrrolidone were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The modification of PVA with intercalated MMT reduces the degree of crystallinity of the resulting nanocomposites but significantly increases their thermal stability. Under ultrasound, the intercalated MMT was completely distributed in a PVA solution and formed a monocrystalline structure. Films based on PVA with modified MMT were cross-linked at 110°C in the presence of 5 wt% acrylic acid and 0.5 wt% Ferrous(II) sulfate as an initiator. The formed films have a homogeneous cross-linked structure.

Physicochemical Properties of Porous Starches from Different Botanical Origin

2010 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Hua Xi Xiao ◽  
Qin Lu Lin ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potato Starches ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Rice, maize and potato starches were hydrolyzed by amylase to obtain porous starches as final product. The adsorptive capacity, desorbed rates, degree of crystallinity and retrogradation properties of native and porous starches were investigated. The results showed that porous starches had the stronger adsorptive capacity and slower desorbed rate compared with native starches. In the three starch materials, the adsorptive capacity of rice starch for liquids was the strongest; the adsorptive capacity of potato starch for liquids was the weakest. the more flavors adsorbed, the more flavors desorbed. X-ray diffraction showed that Enzyme hydrolysis did not result in any significant changes in the degree of crystallinity of starch. The porous starches exhibited lower tendency of retrogradation as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Y3Al5O12 Nanocrystallites Prepared from a Novel Crystalline Precursor

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Jiang Han ◽  
Dan Gao ◽  
Ke Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Co Precipitation

A novel crystalline precursor for preparing Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanocrystallite was synthesized via a co-precipitation method using (NH4)2CO3 solution as the precipitator. The precursor was characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermal gravimetry (TG), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The empirical chemical formula of the crystalline precursor can be expressed as 5[(NH4)2Al6(CO3)3(OH)14]×9[Y2(CO3)3×3H2O] according to the test results. The measured weight loss of 46.7% of the precursor without consideration of the absorbed water is in accord with the calculated value of 47.5% according to the above empirical formula. The phase-pure YAG nanocrystallites were obtained by calcining the above precursors at 900°C for 2 hours in air atmosphere. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) result showed that the particle size of YAG nanocrystallites is 40-80 nm. The mechanism of themal decomposition of the crystalline precursor was also presented.

New thermally stable poly(amide-imide)/montmorillonite reinforced nanocomposite based on N,N′-pyrromellitoyl-bis-l-valine: synthesis and characterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Faghihi ◽  
Narges Dehnavi ◽  
Mohsen Hajibeygi
Keyword(s):  
Main Chain ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solution Intercalation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Uv Visible

AbstractTwo new samples of poly(amide-imide) (PAI)/nanocomposites reinforced montmorillonite containing N,N′-pyrromelitoyl-bis-l-valine moiety in the main chain were synthesized by a solution intercalation technique. PAI 3 as a source of polymer matrix was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of N,N′-pyrromelitoyl-bis-l-valine 1 with 4,4′-diamino diphenyl ether 2 in the presence of triphenyl phosphite, CaCl2, pyridine and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The morphology and structure of the resulting PAI-nanocomposite films 4a and 4b with 5% and 10% silicate particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of clay dispersion and the interaction between clay and polymeric chains on the properties of nanocomposites films were investigated by using UV-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.

The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of MWCNT/ZnO/Polyethylene Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Ying Jun Zhang ◽  
You Li Yao ◽  
Chi Hui Tsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Dispersion Degree ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Thermal Degradation Temperature

In this paper, multiwall carbon nanotube-ZnO (MWCNT/ZnO) was melt-blended with polyethylene (PE) by a Haake-Buchler Rheomixer. The mechanical properties, thermal stability and dispersion degree of the composite materials was characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetry, tensile test and SEM were carried out. The results showed that with the addition of MWCNT/ZnO, the crystallinity and thermal degradation temperature of PE changed. 0.2phr MWCNT/ZnO/PE exhibited crystallinity that was 10% higher than PE. With the addition of MWCNT/ZnO, the tensile strength of PE decreased gradually, but the elongation at break increased first and then decreased. When MWCNT/ZnO content is 0.2phr, the elongation at break of the composite is close to 532.21%, which is 116% higher than that of pure PE.

The influence of drawing pressure on the properties of PET/PA6 bicomponent spunbonded fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Jian Han ◽  
Weimin Song ◽  
Feichao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bicomponent Fibers ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Bicomponent Fiber

The properties of fibers were significantly affected by drawing during the spunbond process. In this paper, the influence of drawing pressure on the properties of spunbonded PET/PA6 hollow pie wedge bicomponent filaments was studied, and their performance was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Beion F6 fiber fineness tester, and single fiber strength tester. The hollow pie wedge bicomponent fiber had a distinct interface between the two polymers due to poor compatibility. With increasing of drawing pressure, diameter of the fibers reduced regularly. When the drawing pressure increased, both the degree of crystallinity and orientation of bicomponent fibers enhanced, and the melting point of polyester component increased as well. Furthermore, with increasing of drawing pressure, the breaking strength of the fibers increased, but the breaking elongation and linear density decreased.

Role of gadolinium(III) complex in improving thermal stability of polythiophene composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferooze Ahmad Rafiqi ◽  
Kowsar Majid
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractThis paper involves the preparation of polythiophene (PTP) and its composite by the oxidative polymerisation method by using ferric chloride as an oxidant and thiophene monomer. The gadolinium( III) complex obtained by the refluxing technique was used as dopant in the PTP matrix. On the basis of the spectroscopic characterisation, seven-coordinate geometry is proposed for the complex. Conductance measurement confirms the non-selectrolyte nature of complex. The PTP and its composite were subjected to FTIR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern showed the high crystalline nature of the complex which in turn developed a good degree of crystallinity in the PTP composite. The average particle size was calculated as 4.655 ˚A and 3.737 ˚A for the dopant and PTP composite, respectively, by using Debye Scherrer’s equation. Thermal analysis was performed by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The TG, DTA and DSC results were well-correlated. The thermal analysis revealed the high thermal stability of the dopant which in turn improved the thermal stability of the PTP composite, revealing the potential of the composite for high temperature applications.

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