scholarly journals Study of Acid Hydrolysis on Organic Waste: Understanding The Effect of Delignification and Particle Size

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Nadiem Anwar ◽  
Iman Mukhaimin ◽  
Mining Harsanti ◽  
Ate Romli
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

Organic wastes from Swiettenia marcophylla L, Artocarpus heterophyllus L, Mangifera indica L, and Annona muricata L were prepared by grinding into 0.1875, 0.3750, 0.7500 mm of particle size and delignified by 2% NaOH at 80°C for 90 minutes. Acid dilution hydrolysis process with H2SO4 1% was performed at 150°C for 120 minutes in a closed reactor. The effect of particle size and delignification on and reducing sugar concentration were investigated. The result showed (1) leaves that can be used as raw material to produce hydrogen should have 38–49% cellulose and hemicellulose. (2) Reducing sugar concentration increased with particle size reduction and delignification. (3) the best result with the highest reducing sugar concentration was achieved by 0.1875 mm particle size with delignification on Annona muricata L.

scholarly journals The Effect of Variation on Solvent Type and Starch Extraction Time on the Increased Level of Reducing Sugar from Jackfruit Straw Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Harimbi Setyawati ◽  
Yepta Octaria ◽  
Enggar Saraswati H ◽  
Erni Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration ◽  
Potential Content

: Jackfruit straw is a part of jackfruit that does not experience pollination in the form of yellow fibers. Jackfruit straw has a composition consisting of 13.45% starch, 65.05% water. The potential content of jackfruit straw starch can be used as an alternative fuel, it was, bioethanol. This material can be converted to bioethanol through hydrolysis and fermentation processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of variations in the type of solvent and extraction time, used the type of solvent H2O, NaOH and NaHCO3 for starch which was then hydrolyzed and produced glucose as a raw material for making bioethanol. The initial content of jackfruit straw was carbohydrate of 11.5%, fat of 16.22% and protein of 8.38%. The first step was drying so that the jackfruit straw became powder with a moisture content <14%. Then extraction with a solvent to dissolve compounds that can interfere with the hydrolysis process such as fats and proteins. This research was conducted by extracting jackfruit straw powder into starch. Variation of the extraction process was the type of solvent (H2O, NaOH of 0.2%, and NaHCO3 of 0.2%) and the extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) at room temperature. The results showed that the highest reducing sugar concentration of 2.16% was in the type of NaOH solvent for 25 minutes.

Nanocrystals as Tool to Enhance Stigmasterol Oral Bioavailability

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2946-2948
Author(s):  
Rosa Pireddu ◽  
Chiara Sinico ◽  
Guido Ennas ◽  
Donatella Valenti ◽  
Francesca Marongiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Nutraceutical Products

Phytosterols are sterols naturally occurring in plant cells and well known for their cholesterollowering activity, as witnessed by the large number of food supplements based on these functional ingredients available on the market. However, the marked hydrophobic character of phytosterols makes their solubility in biological fluids extremely low, with disadvantageous consequences on the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we explore the effect of particle size reduction on the water solubility of stigmasterol, one of the most abundant phytosterols, through the formulation of nanocystals. A robust, top-down production process was employed to prepare stigmasterol nanocrystals, subsequently characterized by thermal and spectroscopic techniques. When formulated as nanocrystals, the solubility of stigmasterol in water and in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids was boosted compared to the raw material. The increased solubility of stigmasterol nanocrystals makes such formulation a promising candidate for the development of medicinal/nutraceutical products with enhanced bioavailability.

Rutin nanosuspension for potential management of osteoporosis: effect of particle size reduction on oral bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-988
Author(s):  
Sonia Gera ◽  
Venkatesh Pooladanda ◽  
Chandraiah Godugu ◽  
Veerabhadra Swamy Challa ◽  
Jitendra Wankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

PRETREATMENT OF MILLET HUSK USING ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TO ENHANCE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS FOR REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Zeenat Ibrahim Saulawa ◽  
Lawal Nura ◽  
Muntari Bala ◽  
Abdullahi A. Iman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

The effectiveness of alkaline hydrogen peroxide as a suitable choice of pretreatment for the conversion of millet husk to reducing sugars using cellulase enzyme for hydrolysis and subsequent ethanol production was determined. The effects of three variables on reducing sugar production from millet husk were determined using one factor at a time (OFAT) method namely; peroxide concentration, pretreatment time and pretreatment temperature. From the results, it was observed that a significant (P<0.05) amount of reducing sugars were lost during pretreatment of millet husk. The untreated group which was only physically pretreated (milled) however yielded a significantly higher (P<0.05) reducing sugar concentration of 10.67mg/ml after enzymatic hydrolysis while the highest reducing sugar concentration of 4.82mg/ml was obtained using 0.375%v/v peroxide concentration for 60minutes at 250C. Therefore, pretreatment of biomass with alkaline hydrogen peroxide may be more suitable for feedstock with high lignin contents than millet husk.

Effect of Comminution on Mold Counts of Tomato Products

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Eisenberg ◽  
Hamilton M Parran ◽  
Arnold E Schulze ◽  
Ruth G Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Count Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Milling Equipment ◽  
Mold Count

Abstract New data are presented on the effect of particle-size reduction of tomato tissue by special milling equipment, such as the Urschel Comitrol, on mold and rot fragment counts of tomato products. Prior mold count data as related to other types of equipment used for control of particle size are discussed. The mold count-rot fragment count ratio characterizes the product with respect to processing and permits the determination of comparable counts on products produced by different processes.

Concentration of TiOSO4 on Rutile White via Short Sulfate Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Xue Tian
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Sulfate Process ◽  
Favorable Structure

Short sulfate process was developed to produce rutile TiO2 white pigment by using low concentration industrial TiOSO4 solution as raw material via self-generated seeded thermal hydrolysis route. The concentration of TiOSO4 solution had significantly influenced the structure and pigment properties of rutile TiO2 white pigment. The samples were characterized by XRD, particle size distribution and pigment properties test. Appropriate concentration of TiOSO4 was beneficial to promoting hydrolysis process in a proper way and obtaining favorable structure and high quality white pigment. The optimized concentration of TiOSO4 solution was of 191.20 g/L.

scholarly journals Waktu Optimum Hidrolisis Pati Limbah Hasil Olahan Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu) Menjadi Gula Cair Menggunakan Enzim α-Amilase Dan Glukoamilase

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Ardiansyah Ardiansyah ◽  
Nurlansi Nurlansi ◽  
Rustam Musta
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
A Value ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

This study aims to determine optimum time of action of the enzyme α-amylase and glucoamylase needed in hydrolyze of starch from waste processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu). This research was conducted through three main stages, namely the gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification. The method was used method are liquefaction and  saccharification. The variation time of the stage liquefaction: 12; 24; 36; 48; 60; and 72 minutes and the saccharification stage are: 9; 18; 27; 36; 45; 54; and 63 hours. The results showed that the optimum time required for stage liquefaction using α-amylase enzyme is 48 minutes on the condition of a temperature of 80 oC with a value of 0.09% amylose levels were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum time required for saccharification step using a glucoamylase which is 54 hours on the conditions of a temperature of 50oC with the amount of reducing sugar concentration of 9.186 g/L as measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) with CdS under Visible Light Irradiation: Effect of Particle Size

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Makama ◽  
Ali Salmiaton ◽  
Elias B. Saion ◽  
T.S.Y. Choong ◽  
N. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

<p>Stringent environmental standards have made the removal of Cr(VI) from water an important problem for environmental scientist and engineering. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using suspended photocatalyst is an interesting technique to consider for this application. In this work, the influence of particle size of suspended CdS on the photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) ion was investigated. The efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction was monitored through UV-visible analysis. The experimental results showed that the nanoparticle size has a dramatic effect on the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). As surface area increased from 44.2±0.6 to 98.7±0.5 m<sup>2</sup>/g due to particle size reduction, the rate of Cr(VI) reduction nearly doubled in the first 20 min of visible light irradiation. The results evidenced the inverse relationship between the apparent reduction rate constant and the CdS particle size. Conversely, the half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) period of the photocatalytic reduction has a direct relationship with CdS particle sizes. Copyright © 2017 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 14<sup>th</sup> July 2016; Revised: 11<sup>st</sup> October 2016; Accepted: 18<sup>th</sup> October 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Makama, A.B., Salmiaton, A., Saion, E.B., Choong, T.S.Y., Abdullah, N. (2017). Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) with CdS under Visible Light Irradiation: Effect of Particle Size.<em> Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 12(1): 62-70 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.1.593.62-70)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.1.593.62-70</p><p> </p>

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